Borrelia burgdorferi
Lyme disease
Spirochetes
Group or bacteria with a highly characteristic appearance
Helical, slender, relatively long cells One of the species of “borrelia” cause lyme
disease in human
Lyme disease bacterium
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is name given to the overall category
North America, Bb sensu stricto Europe Bb sensu stricto, B.garinii, and
B.afzelii Asia has B.garinii
taxanomy
Super kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: spirochaetes
Order: spirochaetales
Family: spirochaelaceae
Genus: Borrelia
Species: borrelia burgdorferi
Symptoms
The early symptoms are mild and easily overlook.
The first symptom is usually an expanding rash.
Called erythema migrans. Appear as a solid red expanding rash or
blotch, OR a central spot surrounded by clear skin that in ringed by an expanding red rash looks like bull’s eye.
Target tissue
Borrelia has been isolated from nearly every organ
Tendon Heart muscle
Disseminated lyme disease
General Profound fatigue, headache, fever severe
muscle aches/pain Brain (tingling sensations of the extremities-
peripheral neuropathy, facial palsy Eyes :vision changes, retinal damage, optic
atropy Skin: rash not at bite site (erythema migrans)
Diagnosis
There are number of blood test available Antibody test :ELISA and western blot tests.
Although there is false positive and negative result
Antigen detection tests Polymerase chain reaction: this test multiplies
the of Bb DNA to detectable measurable level
Polymerase chain reaction
prevention
Precautionary routine
Wear enclosed shoes and light-clolred clothing with a tight weave to spot ticks easily
Scan clothes and any exposed skin
Stay on cleared, well- traveled trails
Insect repellent containing DEET (Diethyl-meta-tolumide) in skin or cloths
Inspect yourself and your children carefully after been heavily bushed area
How is Lyme Disease Treated?
Treatments varies and depends on timings Tetracycline or amoxycillin/probonicid Four later complication such as meningitis
ceferiaxone
non- steroidal anti inflammatory drug
motality
Highly motile Internal bundle of
flagella; cause it to contract like muscle
Swim through blood vessel, extracellular matrix, connective tissue
Swim at the rate of several inches in a matter of few days
Tick vectors:B.burgdorferi is transmitted to humans by ticks of the ixodes recinus complex.
American dog tickDermacetor variablis
Black legged tickIxodus scapularis
How to remove tick:
If you DO find a tick attach tjo your skin,there is no need to panic. Not all ticks are infected
Without jerking, using a pair of pointed precision tweezers, grasp the tick by the head or mouthparts right where they enter the skin.
Do not twist the tick out , Clean the bite wound with disinfectant
Population at risk
Repoted Lyme Disease and Incedent Rate
Lyme disease vaccineand treatment; LYMEric is made from lipidated rOspA pf
B.burgdorferi sensu stricto. Three dosages required for optimal protectionMechanism of Action:B.burgdorferi in a vector tick undergoes substantial
antigenic change between the time of tick attachment on a mammalian host and transmission of the bacterium to the host.
Treatments include antibiotics, amoxicillin, penicillin, deoxycycline
For complicated case these antibiotics given through IV.
Population at risk
Most B.burgdorferi infections result from residential exposure to infected ticks during property maintenance, recreation, and leisure activity
The person who engage in outdoor occupations
Forestry landscaping
•Distribution of human cases of lyme disease Endemic in several region in the U.S.A,
Canada, and temperate Eurasia 1993-1997 62,000> reported cases. 5.5
cases/100,000 population Highest reported rates occur in children under
the age15 years
References,
Lyme net, Igenex,Inc. niaid.nih.gov, Mosby medical dictionary , lyme alliance.org