Borrelia burgdorferi

Lyme disease

Spirochetes

Group or bacteria with a highly characteristic appearance

Helical, slender, relatively long cells One of the species of “borrelia” cause lyme

disease in human

Lyme disease bacterium

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is name given to the overall category

North America, Bb sensu stricto Europe Bb sensu stricto, B.garinii, and

B.afzelii Asia has B.garinii

taxanomy

Super kingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: spirochaetes

Order: spirochaetales

Family: spirochaelaceae

Genus: Borrelia

Species: borrelia burgdorferi

Symptoms

The early symptoms are mild and easily overlook.

The first symptom is usually an expanding rash.

Called erythema migrans. Appear as a solid red expanding rash or

blotch, OR a central spot surrounded by clear skin that in ringed by an expanding red rash looks like bull’s eye.

Target tissue

Borrelia has been isolated from nearly every organ

Tendon Heart muscle

Disseminated lyme disease

General Profound fatigue, headache, fever severe

muscle aches/pain Brain (tingling sensations of the extremities-

peripheral neuropathy, facial palsy Eyes :vision changes, retinal damage, optic

atropy Skin: rash not at bite site (erythema migrans)

Diagnosis

There are number of blood test available Antibody test :ELISA and western blot tests.

Although there is false positive and negative result

Antigen detection tests Polymerase chain reaction: this test multiplies

the of Bb DNA to detectable measurable level

Polymerase chain reaction

prevention

Precautionary routine

Wear enclosed shoes and light-clolred clothing with a tight weave to spot ticks easily

Scan clothes and any exposed skin

Stay on cleared, well- traveled trails

Insect repellent containing DEET (Diethyl-meta-tolumide) in skin or cloths

Inspect yourself and your children carefully after been heavily bushed area

How is Lyme Disease Treated?

Treatments varies and depends on timings Tetracycline or amoxycillin/probonicid Four later complication such as meningitis

ceferiaxone

non- steroidal anti inflammatory drug

motality

Highly motile Internal bundle of

flagella; cause it to contract like muscle

Swim through blood vessel, extracellular matrix, connective tissue

Swim at the rate of several inches in a matter of few days

Tick vectors:B.burgdorferi is transmitted to humans by ticks of the ixodes recinus complex.

American dog tickDermacetor variablis

Black legged tickIxodus scapularis

How to remove tick:

If you DO find a tick attach tjo your skin,there is no need to panic. Not all ticks are infected

Without jerking, using a pair of pointed precision tweezers, grasp the tick by the head or mouthparts right where they enter the skin.

Do not twist the tick out , Clean the bite wound with disinfectant

Population at risk

Repoted Lyme Disease and Incedent Rate

Lyme disease vaccineand treatment; LYMEric is made from lipidated rOspA pf

B.burgdorferi sensu stricto. Three dosages required for optimal protectionMechanism of Action:B.burgdorferi in a vector tick undergoes substantial

antigenic change between the time of tick attachment on a mammalian host and transmission of the bacterium to the host.

Treatments include antibiotics, amoxicillin, penicillin, deoxycycline

For complicated case these antibiotics given through IV.

Population at risk

Most B.burgdorferi infections result from residential exposure to infected ticks during property maintenance, recreation, and leisure activity

The person who engage in outdoor occupations

Forestry landscaping

•Distribution of human cases of lyme disease Endemic in several region in the U.S.A,

Canada, and temperate Eurasia 1993-1997 62,000> reported cases. 5.5

cases/100,000 population Highest reported rates occur in children under

the age15 years

References,

Lyme net, Igenex,Inc. niaid.nih.gov, Mosby medical dictionary , lyme alliance.org