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AnKiT PaL
Dept. of Veterinary Medicine
College of Vet. Science & A.H.A.A.U.,
Anand - 388001
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PERITONITIS
Inflammation of the peritoneum isaccompanied by abdominal painwhich varies in degree with theseverity and extent of the peritonitis.
Peritoneum is a membrane thatcovers the surface of both the organsthat lie in the abdominal cavity andthe inner surface of the abdominal
cavity itself.
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Peritonitis
Abdominal Pain
Toxemia
Rigidityof
Abdomi
nal Wall
FecalStasis
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Peritonitis
TraumaticChronicAcuteDiffuseAcutelocal
Classificatio
n
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Etiology
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Etiology
Cattle Traumatic reticuloperitonitis
Perforation or leakage of abomasal ulcer
Rupture of abomasum
Rumenitis subsequent to acute
carbohydrate indigestion
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Etiology
Cattle Hepatic abscess of black disease
Injection : Sterile or non-sterile solutions
Rupture during parturition or correctionof dystocia
Tuberculosis, sporadic bovine
encephalomyelitis
Rupture or erosion caused by larvae ofGastrophilus or Habronema species
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Etiology
Species
Cause
Horses Infectious, chemical or parasitic injury; Caecal,
colonic or gastric rupture.Sheep Intestinal abscess rupture, Oesophagostomum
spp.; serositis caused by Mycoplasma spp.
Goats Serositis caused by Mycoplasma spp.
Pigs Ileal perforation; Secondary to Glassers disease
caused by Haemophilus suis.
Dogs Feline infectious peritonitis; due to surgery,trauma or mild pancreatis; gastrointestinalulcers, ruptured uterus, ruptured liver orprostatic abscess.
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Pathogene
sis
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Toxemia
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Shock and hemorrhage
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Paralytic ileus
Reflex inhibition ofalimentary tract tone and
movement
Rupture of GI tractwith spillage of largevolume of intestinal
contents
Paralytic ileus orruminal stasis or
intestinal obstruction
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Adhesions
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Abdominaldistention
Interference inrespiration
Abdominal pain
Fluid
accumulation
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ClinicalFindings
Acute Peritonitis:1.Abdominal pain
The animal guards the abdomen
Stiff gait or recumbent
Cautious gait, with a rigid, arched back
Grunting - walking or when passing urineor feces
Pain response on deep palpation in cattle
Pain responses in all species are mostlyevident
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ClinicalFindings
Acute Peritonitis:
2.Fever-
Fever is common but may be suppressed byprostaglandin inhibitors
In dogs fever is a common with peritonitis
In Cattle fever is typical during the first 24-36hr in acute, local peritonitis.
High fever suggests acute, diffuse peritonitis
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3. Abdominal distention-
Due to accumulation of peritoneal exudate Hemorrhage septicemia toxemia
paralytic ileus shock adhesions
4. Fluid transudation-
sequesters electrolytes and protein in theabdominal cavity and atonic gut, and venousstasis leads to:
Hypotension Acid-base disturbances Circulatory collapse
Clinical Findings
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5. Shock and Icterus-
Toxemia and bacteremia in generalized biliaryperitonitis
6. Animals with secondary peritonitis may alsoexhibit
signs of the primary illness
7. Appetite-Anorexia and depression vomiting anddiarrhea
In large animals, anorexia may be seen in acute,diffuse peritonitis
In chronic cases, tympany, ruminal contractions isweak, reduced or absent
Clinical Findings
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Abdominal distentionRupture of abdomen
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8. Rectal palpation
Little or no feces Tacky, dry mucosa Fibrinous adhesions between intestinal loops
9. In horses Severe colic Intestinal stasis Tachycardia Caecal rupture
Clinical Findings
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Clinical
Pathology Paracentesis of peritoneum-Collection and examination of the peritoneal fluid
Leucopenia,neutropenia and
a degenerative leftshift
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Diagnosis
st reliable clinical indicators Confirmatory diagnosis
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Abdominal sonography
Reticular abscess
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Abdominal paracentesis
Degenerative left shift
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Differential
diagnosisTraumatic reticuloperitonitis
Intestinal splenic orhepatic abscess
ColicAscites
Intestinal, splenic orhepatic
obstruction
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Treatment
Initial treatmentStabilizing metabolic
consequencesFluid therapy electrolyt
plasma or blood
Determiningnidus
Broad spectrumantibiotic therapy
Aminoglycosides,Quinolones,
Cephalosporins
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Treatment
urgical interference Exploratorylaparotomy
Abdominal drainag
Post operative
management
Maintaining serum
protein and electrolytes
Nutritional
supplement
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