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What are the other components of a
sentence?
Clauses and PHRASES
Clause: Group of words that CONTAIN a
subject and a verb (not necessarily aSENTENCE)
Quadree dunks - Sub: Verb:
Because the dog barks - Sub:
Verb:Phrase: Group of words that LACKSeither a subject, a verb, or both.
runs into the darkness - Lacks:
QuadreesUncle JohnnyLacks:
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Color Code the Phrases and Clauses
on the spot driving the car
the team wins to sleep
while I jump Coreys red coatfalling on the floor since Akron closes
dropped a beat teachers need
books
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Types of Phrases Prepositional Phrase: A phrase with a
preposition and a NOUN:
Quadree went into the crib.
Adjective phrase: Describes a NOUN
The boy sitting by the Lincoln is Quadree.
Adverb phrase: Describes a VERB,adjective, or adverb
Quadree danced with grace.
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Prepositional Phrase
A preposition attached to a noun and describesthe subject or the verb.
Trevel ran to the bathroom.
What/who is the prepositional phrase describing?
The classroom on the English hallway with the
maroon and gold wall is the coolest room.
What are the prepositional phrases describing?
It is describing to WHERE Trevel ran (ADVERB).
They are describing which classroom is the coolest
(ADJECTIVE).
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Whats the purpose of a Prep. phrase?
Prep. phrases add detail to the sentence.
Frank prattled.I want to know what he prattled about. Lets add a phrase to
the sentence.
Frank prattled about thegame.I want to know where he prattled. Lets add a phrase to the
sentence.Frank prattled about the game at
CiCis. I want to know when he prattled. Lets add a phrase to the
sentence.On Wednesday, Frank prattled about taxesat CiCis.
I want to know to whom he prattled. Lets add a phrase to the
sentence.
On Wednesday, Frank prattled about taxes at CiCisto
Jennifer.
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Identify the Prepositional Phrase.
1. The Grammys honored teachers on the stage.2. I want your help with this homework.3. With ease, my father built our house.4. Andy Griffith died at age eighty.
Fill in the Prepositional Phrase:1. I stand
________________________________.
2. Tyquan can see the trees
_____________________________.3. John tackles the quarter back
_____________________________.
4. They found money
____________________________.
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Appositive Phrase
Appositive phrase:A noun/pronoun that clarifies
the NOUN beside it (It is surrounded by COMMAS
and you must have a specific name).
Quadree, a basketball player, writes
poetry.
A really gifted student, Mark dunked a ball
on Quadree.
The Lakers, __________________, lost to
the Clippers,__________________.
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Identify the Appositive Phrase
1. Jose Martinez, an essayist, was one of Spainsbest writers.
2. The green turtle, a species of sea turtles, can
swim fast.
3. At home, Rachel speaks German, her firstlanguage.
4. A dedicated worker, Mr. Walker is the first to
arrive at the office each morning.
5. The flowers on the table are from our neighbor,the ones down the street.
6. The stage manager, the new lady, has worked all
day on the set.
7. An aspiring writer, Coretta hopes to work for a
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Fill in with an Appositive Phrase
1. Karen, ______________, bought a
Hummer 3 for her birthday.
2. The Sampsons live on Hinton Street,
_____________
3. Samson likes books written by James
Patterson, ____________.
4. Mount Everest, _______________, is thehighest peak in India.
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Review Phrases:
Identify and underline the phrase(s) in eachsentence:
1. Under the cars hood, youll find the V6 engine,
an efficient engine.
2. James, an artist, paints many masterpieces inhis spare time.
3. The tools needed for the shelf are on the table,
the tall one.
4. Feeling sick, Andrea, a medical student, calledout of work.
5. Before the State of the Union Address, my
family, a close-knit one, went for a walk around
the block.
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Types of Phrases
Verbal Phrases:
Participial Phrase: Verbs that end in
ing ored used as an ADJECTIVE.
Dunking the ball,Quadree scored thewinning point.
The game scheduled at Hanoverwill be
played on Tuesday.
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More verbal phrases
Gerund phrase: Verb that ends ining used as a noun
Alexis triedjumping into the pool.
In thinking of his team,Quadree dunked the ball.
Infinitive phrase: To+verb used as a noun, adj., or an adv.
Quadreesdream is to dunk a ball.
Quadree went to dunk the ball, but TruMelblocked
him.
Quadree is coming to visit next week.
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Infinitive Phrase
Identify the Infinitive Phrase:1. He went to paint the house last week.2. After the movies, we need to stop by the grocery
store.
3. The report cards have to be distributed today.
4. If you want to arrive on time, you need to leaveearly.Fill in the Infinitive Phrase:
1. The family wants __________________________.
2. My sister loves
____________________________.3. You cant learn
_____________________________.
4. Everyone entered the contest
__________________________________.
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Independent Clauses
Independent Clause:
Makes COMPLETE sense when it stands alone.
Can be a SENTENCE.
Quadree flashes.
The dog changes.
TruMelskips.
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Identify the Independent Clause
1. Gio sleeps on his desk every day.
2. Gio will have a hard time passing if he keeps
falling asleep.
3. He needs to stay awake in this class.4. Once the field is cleared, the team can come to
warm- up.
5. Last night, the Lakers, a basketball team, lost to
the Heat, which upsets Gio.
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Lets Write Independent Clauses
Subject: Breon
Verb: Walk:_____________________________________________________
Subject: Desk
Verb: Break
________________________________________________________
Your Own:______________________________________________Your Own:______________________________________________
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Read the passage. Identify the Independent Clauses.
Cross out the Fragments (Incomplete sentences).
(1) Long before Michael Oher made it to
the NFL. (2) He didn't have a family to speak of.
(3) He grew up in a rough part of Memphis. (4)
The son of a crack-addict mother and an absent
father. (5) When he enrolled in high school. (6)
He didn't have a permanent home. (7) Then the
Tuohy family took him in.
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Dependent Clauses
Dependent Clause:
Does NOT make complete sense when it
stands alone. CANNOT be a sentence.
because Quadree flashes
whenever the dog changes
which TruMelskips
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Dependent Clause: Adjective
Quadree, who is shorter than TruMel, plays
basketball.
Which noun is described by who is shorterthan TruMel? Quadree
- Describes a NOUN
- The store, which is down the street, has a lot
of customers who purchase lottery tickets.
Which nouns are being described?Store
Customers
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES ARE NOT COMPLETE SENTENCES!
THEY ARE FRAGMENTS!!
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Identify the Adjective Clauses:1. The students who have not turned in their homework will receive
a zero.
2. My mother passed the gravy, which was homemade, and
accidently spilled it.
3. You need to use the hammer that has a wooden handle.
4. We go to the movies at South Park, which was renovated last
year.5. The blinds that were ordered for the living havent arrived yet.
Fill in with an Adjective Clause:
1. Anyone ________________________________ must sign up in
guidance.2. The cheetah, ___________________________________, chased down
the gazelle.
3. I cannot attend that study session
_______________________________.
4. We cant believe ____________________________________.
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Identify the Fragments and Sentences (Independent
Clauses):
(1)Amy was excited. (2) As a reporter for her
middle school newspaper, The Blaze, she had been
asked to interview someone and write an article about
that person. (3) Once a month, with an interesting adult
from the community, The Blaze publishes an interview
about a person. (5) That has a positive impact on the
community. (5) Last month a student interviewed a local
figure skater. (6) Who had just made the United States
Olympic Team. (7) Amy had no idea whom to interview.
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Dependent Clause: Adverb
Describes a VERB
Tells HOW, when or why about the verb
Quadree cant dunk because he is short.WHY cant Quadree dunk? because he is short
If you want to dunk a ball, you must jump high.
How can I dunk a ball? If I jump high.
ADVERB CLAUSES ARE NOT COMPLETE SENTENCES!
When a sentence begins with an adverbial clause, a COMMA is placed
after the ENTIRE clause.
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Identify the Adverbial Clause:
1.Because the Ravens lost the Superbowl, theydo not get rings.
2.The camera broke before the photographer
finished the session.
3. Jashante and I cannot attend the field tripsince we didnt bring our permission forms.
4. Once the Star Spangled Banner is over, the
game will begin.
5.An athletic person, Quadree lifts weights everyday even though his coach advises him not to do
so.
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Fill in the Adverbial Clause:1. The State of the Union address aired _________
the regularly scheduled shows finished.
2. __________ Angel made the winning shot, theteam celebrated at CicisPizza Restaurant.
3. The program will not survive if
____________________________________________.
4. Our parents reprimanded us since____________________________________________.
5. ____________________________________ wevisited the Science Museum of Virginia.
6. Id like to try Kung Pao shrimp________________________________________
_________.
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Identify the Fragments and Sentences.
(1) Jefferson began clearing the land for the house
in 1768. (2) Although construction of the original design
began the following year. (3)Jefferson first moved into the
partially completed house in 1770. (4) Because he did
not have much time to enjoy his new home, he had to
focus on his political interests. (5)Due to Jeffersons
involvement with the nations politics, progress on
Monticello over the next several years was steady but
slow. (6)However, the house was essentially finished by
1784 7 When Jefferson left for Paris to ne otiate a
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Read the passage. Identify the Independent Clauses and
Dependent Clauses. Label the types of Dependent Clauses.
(1) The Tuohys, who adopted Michael Oher, live just a
short distance from Oher's old neighborhood, but it is a world
away. (2) Because he was like other young black men who grew
up poor in Memphis, Oher seemed destined for one of two
possible outcomes. (3) He could have a life consumed by drugs
and gangs, or he could have one of sports with a glimmer of
hope. (4) For Oher, the journey to success began in a housingproject called Hurt Village, which is appropriately named. (5)
Hurt Village, which was poverty- stricken, could have claimed
him, but the Tuohys opened their door to Oher that opened a
world of hope for him