Plant Fertilization
Unit Four, Lesson 4.3By Margielene D. Judan
Lesson Outline
Self and Cross PollinationFertilization ProcessThe Fruit
Pollination
The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower.
It is needed for fertilization to take place.
Two Types of Pollination
Self-pollination – transfer of pollen to the same plant/flower.
Cross-pollination – transfer of pollen to a different plant.
Self-pollination = same plant/flower Many flowers are hermaphrodites (they have
both male and female sex organs)
Cross-pollination = different plant
Pollination
Pollination can only happen among same species. A sunflower and a rose cannot pollinate each other.
Pollinators
They speed up pollination by helping scatter the pollen grains.
Examples are wind, insects, rain, birds, nectar-feeding animals, butterflies, even humans
They are attracted by the scent and color of the plant.
The next slide is a video showing the reproductive process of a plant from pollination to fertilization.
The Fertilization Process
The Fertilization Process
The process is called double fertilization because two sperms unite with two cells (egg and nuclei).The triploid cell will become the endosperm (part of the plant which contains the food)
The Fertilization Process
Ovule develops into a seed.
Ovary develops into a fruit.
Fertilization brings about the following changes in the flower:1. Ovary wall develops into a 3-
layered pericarp (endocarp, mesocarp, exocarp)
2. The ovary ripens and becomes fruit.3. Fertilized ovule develops into a seed
and the endosperm serves s food storage.
4. Integument develops into a 2-layered seed coat.
Botanically speaking, a fruit is a seed-bearing structure that develops from the ovary of a flowering plant.
Fruit vs. Vegetable
Vegetables have no seeds because they do not come from flowers. They are the other parts of the plant like leaves (eg. lettuce, spinach), roots (eg. carrots, radishes), stems (eg. ginger, celery), and even the flower buds (eg. brocolli, cauliflower).
Fruit vs. Vegetable
Botanically speaking, a fruit is a seed-bearing structure that develops from the ovary of a flowering plant.A fruit came from a flower.So even nuts and grains are fruits.
Fruit vs. Vegetable
Watch again the video to understand more the process.
Assignment: Notebook Classify whether the following is a fruit or a vegetable.1. Celery2. Almond3. Squash4. Carrot5. Tomato6. Eggplant7. Broccoli8. Bell Pepper9. Onion10. Potato
Sources:
Science Links 7 http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.
php/2013/09/what-is-the-difference-between-fruits-and-vegetables/
http://www.livescience.com/33991-difference-fruits-vegetables.html