Post on 22-Dec-2016
transcript
Chapter 5
Proposed Model of e-Governance using ICT
This chapter aim to analyze the current status of Uttarakhand on different
areas that should be studied before to frame a strategy for future e-initiatives using
ICT in Uttarakhand. Here the study uses the information and government publications
gathered through study of various state and national e-Governance websites and
literature review to provide a general background on Uttarakhand with an emphasis
on the status of its e-Governance service sector. To better illustrate Uttarakhand stage
of development, information regarding the state‟s politics, geography, population, and
economy is provided. The status of the ICT and e-Governance initiatives in
Uttarakhand is described, including strategies and plans, infrastructure and current
applications. Finally, there is a description of some current e-Governance initiatives.
This chapter also describes the quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques
used in the study. It begins by defining and analyzes the opinion of participants who
were selected as being the likely early adopters of e-Governance in Uttarakhand.
Next, correlation tests are performed to uncover possible relationships between key
variables and finally, an analysis of the barriers to the uptake of e-Governance in
Uttarakhand and relationships to other key variables is introduced. The results of data
collected were used to elaborate on and enhance the findings to design strategy for
future e-initiatives in Uttarakhand .
5.1 Overview of Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand, the land of origin of Ganga and Yamuna, occupies a special
place in the hearts of people in this country and summons tourists worldwide to its
alluring grandeur of natural beauty. It is a place, which once mesmerized Mahatma
Gandhi with its natural beauty and peace and had forced him to express this place as
better than any place in entire Europe. Uttarakhand was formed on November 9, 2000,
as the 27th
state of India. It was formed by carving out 14 hilly districts of Uttar
Pradesh. Uttarakhand is strategically located and forms part of the northern boundary
of the country sharing borders with Nepal and Tibet (China); it touches Tibet in the
north, Himachal Pradesh in the west and north-west, the gangetic plains of Uttar
Pradesh in the south and Nepal in the east.
The state has diverse geographical features ranging from snow capped
mountain peaks in the north to tropical forests in the south. Equally diverse are the
climatic conditions and vegetation found across the state. Uttarakhand is one of the
five states in India, which has been declared as UNESCO‟s World Heritage
Biodiversity site .[1]
5.2 Use of ICT to Analyze the Requirement and Issues for e-
Governance Model in Rural Areas of Uttarakhand
Governance is a need of any developing country. To protect an individual‟s
fundamental rights and to provide him social and economic freedom, country has to
think about increasing the efficiency of its governing bodies. The time has change the
way of working of governmental organizations not only in the developed nations but
also in the countries who are heading towards development. We are living in a
knowledge based economy and the role of information and communication
technology (ICT) is an essential part of this development. Information and
Communication technologies (ICT) are key enablers of development process in the
emerging information economy in developing countries like India. In today‟s
Knowledge-based world, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has a
decisive role in boosting efficiency and productivity . Since the advent of the Internet,
government agencies, management consulting firms, and IT companies have led the
way in not only exploring e-government initiatives, but also documenting best
practices. Academic researchers have conducted case studies and surveys to support
the development of e-government. Both streams of literature are useful in
understanding the development of e-government and supporting government agencies
in their strategic planning of e-government initiatives. Existing e-government
offerings actually go beyond merely facilitating or transforming the interaction
between government and individual citizens. E-government serves a variety of other
actors. For instance, some e-government initiatives aim at enabling government
agencies to more efficiently work together and provide one-stop service to citizens
and businesses. In this context, this paper is an attempt to look upon the advantages of
e- Governance and think about its implementation in the E-Governance framework to
increase its efficiency and productivity.
E-Governance: E-Government (short for electronic government, also known as e-
gov, digital government, online government, or connected government) is creating a
comfortable, transparent, and cheap interaction between government and citizens
(G2C – government to citizens), government and business enterprises (G2B –
government to business enterprises) and relationship between governments (G2G –
inter-agency relationship). There are four domains of e-government namely,
governance, information and communication technology (ICT), business process re-
engineering (BPR) and e-citizen. According to, these new styles of governance
represent a change from traditional bureaucratic systems to public-centric systems. E-
Governance requires several elements of good governance such as transparency,
accountability, participation, social integration, public financial management reforms
and development. It includes a very broad range of services for almost all segments of
society. The most common areas of E-Governance applications are:
• Education
• Agriculture
• Transport
• Health
5.2.1 Challenges for Implementing in e-Governance Technology in
Rural
Government faces their own set of challenges. The key challenges with electronic
governance are not technology or internet issues but organizational issues like:
Redefining rules and procedures
Information transparency
Legal issues
Infrastructure, Skill and awareness
Access to right information
Interdepartmental collaboration
Tendency to resist the change in work culture
5.2.2 E-Governance Projects in India
Out of the 27 Mission Mode Projects, under the National e-Governance Plan
(NeGP), 14 MMPs has already started delivery of services while the remaining 13
MMPs are expected to begin services from 2014. Clearly the government is taking the
e-governance mandate rather seriously, considering that the NeGP was approved only
4 years back in 2006. And out of the 13 MMPs, 8 services have to be developed and
implemented by the state government. While the state governments have been
assigned the target of rolling out the e-district and agricultural services by 2011,
municipality, policy, land records, and employment exchange will be implemented by
2012 and the treasuries and commercial tax services by 2013 in electronic mode. The
last program of immigration e-services has to be delivered by 2014.
Some of the successful running E-Governance projects in India are depicted in
following:
1. Concerned for Working Children (CWC) in Karnataka: Concerned for
Working Children (CWC): One of the first organizations to work exclusively
on the issue of child rights, CWC runs a residential vocational training school
at Namma Bhoomi, Kundapur in Udipi District. The children, ex-child
laborers, were to be equipped with appropriate and viable vocational skills as
well as formal education, which would help them to find appropriate vocation.
The training period lasting for 18 months offered courses in weaving,
carpentry. Tailoring, cane and bamboo craft amongst others.
2. Digitization of Land Records: Bhoomi Project in Karnataka: Bhoomi project is an
attempt made by Karnataka State Government for Computerization of Land Records. This
project is sponsored jointly by Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India and
State Government of Karnataka. Under the Bhoomi E-Governance project all 20 million
land records of 6.7 million land owners in 176 taluks of Karnataka have been
computerised.This system works with the software called "BHOOMI" designed fully in-
house by National Informatics Center, Bangalore.
3. AADARANA (The Home for Orphaned Needy Students) in Hyderabad: Funds are
requested to provide support for the orphan kids in going to school and for their
educational expenses per year. All he kids are going to local private school and are
studying in various schools and mostly in Telugu medium of instruction. Aadarana helps
to orphan and poor children, who desire to continue their studies Aims at providing
facilities to the orphanage children's education, training in personality development Aims
at development of orphanage children in all levels that is physical, mental and
psychologically through physical exercises and strengthening their minds.
4. Adarsh in Kerala: Adarsh is a center for children with mentally disability.
Asha sent them funds to buy a van that would be used to pick up the children
from neighboring areas and bring them to the center. There is only one such
organization in the area that caters to such children.
5. Pathri in Uttaranchal: The primary goal of the project is to bring economic
changes in the lifestyle of the nomadic and illiterate by providing basic
education and healthcare. The school run by FOD at Pathri is a Hindi medium
middle school with classes from grades 1 through 7. There is also an adult
literacy program and vocational training for women. The school has almost
300 students of whom about 50% regularly attend classes. It follows the
curriculum prescribed by the Uttaranchal State Board and is recognized by the
state education board. This is a major achievement as children who pass out
from this school can easily seek admission in other schools for higher studies.
6. RDI (Rural Development Institute) in UTTARANCHAL: RDI seeks to run
Non-Formal Education Centers (NFE) for youngsters and a Functional
Literacy program for adults, Project Based Education (PBE) programs to
supplement the education given in schools, a scholarship program targeting
bright, needy students as well as running a mobile library catering for far flung
villages in the mountainous region.
5.2.3 Major Issues in Uttarakhand: Some issues as follows:
1. Education: We should mobilize the power of the new media, like the
Internet, as well as traditional media such as television, radio and the
vernacular newspapers. The combination of the Broadband Internet and
community (FM) radio can be particularly powerful to provide better
education / awareness timely across to those who need them. The simple
literacy (basic reading, writing and numeracy) and the functional literacy had
been presented as panaceas in the 1950s and the 1970s, respectively, with a
view that if everybody learned how to read and write or learned this would
enhance development. The literacy, also including functional computer
literacy, is still being presented as panacea by the governments of developing
countries, UNESCO, World Bank, IMF and numerous aid organizations, with
a view that this will solve development problems. On the other hand,
education plays an important role in the progress of an individual's mind and
country. Ignorance and poverty, the two major speed-breakers in the swift
developing country, can be overcome easily through education.
2. Self employment: Through the establishment of rural information centers like
Cyberdhabas, Suchanakutir, Kisanghar etc., Employment generation,
especially the self employment generation in rural sector attaches great
importance to poverty alleviation and mitigation specifically of the wide
variations across States and the rural-urban division. ICT will create
employment opportunities in rural areas by engaging cyberdhabas,
Suchanakutir, Kisanghar, telecentre managers, subject matter specialists,
information managers, translators and information technology technicians.
Such centers help bridge the gap between urban and rural communities and
reduce the rural-urban migration problem. The centers will also provide
training and those trained may become small-scale entrepreneurs. That helps
in socio – economic development of a village. A set of prudentially selected
programs of self employment in rural sector plays as the panacea to remove
multi-dimensional nature of poverty through helping a lot the anti-poverty
strategy's three broad components - promotion of economic growth, promotion
of human development and targeted programmers of poverty alleviation.
3. Health awareness: The goal of health awareness programs of rural
development is to create awareness, a stirring of both heart and mind, about
health care conditions, challenges, and solutions among the rural people.
Giving awareness of opportunities availability for them:- Awareness of
opportunities availability in rural sector means to provide relevant and usable
information to the rural youth regarding (both the skilled and the unskilled)
labor markets and access to relevant training to help them make decisions
about the labor market options available to them.
4. Rural Electrification: Rural electrification means to facilitate availability of
electricity for accelerated growth and for enrichment of quality of life of rural
population. It is argued that rural electrification is essential in the longer term
perspective of rural development since electricity is considered as a
prerequisite for economic development and improvement of overall standard
of living of the rural inhabitants. Electricity is also considered as a potent force
capable of elevating and providing the much needed dynamism into the rural
economy. [2]
5.3 Uttarakhand State Wide Area Networks
Uttarakhand State Wide Area Network should be operational as a network to
offer the future e-Governance services. Uttarakhand State Wide Area Network will
cover the entire State and shall provide voice, video and data services on the same
network. The network provides a reliable, resilient and a secure backbone to meet the
information requirements and associated services. Uttarakhand State Wide Area
Network is required to improve administrative effectiveness & efficiency of
employees, expedite the overall development of the State and to improve the Quality
of public service to the citizens in the State. Any State Government aimed to
modernize the communication set up, increase productivity and provide e-Governance
related and better citizen-centric services need to setup a most efficient and cost
effective Uttarakhand State Wide Area Network with the most modern technological
capabilities.
5.3.1 The broad objectives of Uttarakhand State Wide Area Network
are:
To provide a reliable and secured backbone network.
To provide a complete array of government services and online information to
the public in a secured way.
To provide convenient, anytime, anywhere public access to Government‟s
information and services.
To provide the State and local government entities with cost-effective long-
distance converged communication services (voice, data and video) to fulfill
the State‟s vision of widespread access to government services.
To interconnect existing networks with the proposed network to get better
utilization of the existing facilities.
To support e-Commerce applications to meet public requirement and thereby
improve the efficiency of all concerned.
To Provide Open interfaces for connectivity to facilitate the exchange of
information among State government users.
To provide vendor-neutral in regards to user connectivity, and will expand, not
limit the choice of products and services available to State agencies.
To provide significant improvement in Government to Citizen (G2C), Citizen
to Government (C2G), Government to Business (G2B), Business to
Government and Government to Government (G2G) interfaces.
Uttarakhand State Wide Area Network as a high capacity scalable Network based
on open standards will carry Voice, Data and Video traffic among designated locations
in the state. The connectivity to end-user will be the combination of standard leased
circuits, dial-up circuits or wireless circuits as appropriate for the individual offices.
State e-Governance Gateway (SEGG) with adequate capacity for Internet and
provision for connecting other existing Networks of other states and country (as shown
in Fig 5.1) are the additional requirements.
UASWAN will work on multi-tiers of Network connectivity model, which
comprise of State Head Quarter (SHQ), District Head Quarters (DHQs),
Tahsil/Taluka Head Quarters (THQs) etc. SHQ shall be connected to all DHQs and
offices in State Capital with required bandwidth capacity. Each DHQ shall be
connected to their respective THQs and offices in those Districts with required
bandwidth capacity. Each THQ shall be connected to the offices in those Tahsiles
with required bandwidth capacity.
Figure 5.1: Uttarakhand State Wide Area Network Diagram
Proposed Applications
The following services would be available after Uttarakhand State Wide Area
Network will operational:
Online Registration and search - Citizens will able to fill online registration
forms
Land Record Information System - ownership, area, taxation, etc.
Treasury Information System - status of bills submitted, Revenue, expenditure
Sales Tax - Status of tax collected location-wise
Transport (RTO, Check Post) - Tax collected at each check post
High Court – status of all cases (description, pending, next hearing etc.)
E-Agro Services – Details of agricultural land for farmers
e-Village – To Provide e-Governance services at last level citizens
Public Health Information System (PHIS) – All medical colleges of state &
Civil Hospitals will connected and able to provide telemedicine services.
Integrated Works Distribution & Management System
Figure 5.2: State level architecture
5.4 Web Portal Services for e-Governance at State Level
e- Forms based model
Benefit from the repository of valuable data that the departments collect is
shared by a small number of people and the majority of populations have no access to
this. This issue may however soon be a thing of past once departments start following
standards for electronic forms and share common information on individuals and
businesses. Experts suggest that standardization of information collection; storage and
digitization of forms are the next crucial steps for making e-initiatives services
successful in the state.
As a foundation step, Uttarakhand has already deployed Uttarakhand State
Wide Area Network and is in the process of completing Common Service Centers
(CSC) deployment and putting in place the State Data Centers (SDCs). E-Forms will
ride on these three pillars – Uttarakhand State Wide Area Network, SDC and CSC. In
our proposed model for Uttarakhand, the State Portal of Uttarakhand should host all
the forms as e-forms, for various Government Services accessible to citizens in the
state. A citizen will be able to download the e-forms through the various CSC outlets
and submit his/her application electronically. This submitted form will be routed
intelligently by the State Portal to SDC. A citizen will be able to query the status of
his/her application at a later point in time.
Standardization of information collection, strong and digitization of forms are
the key factors for making e-initiatives services in Uttarakhand.
These initiatives under the state different projects at automating the processes
related to the proactive enforcement and compliance of the legal requirements under
the Companies Act, 1956., For these projects fortunately, standardization of its various
forms was not a big hindrance as the proposed service, despite being a state-wide
rollout, was related to just one department, and there was enough political and
bureaucratic support to ensure its smooth running .
The Uttarakhand State Wide Area Network infrastructure helps in connecting
all State government offices, horizontally and vertically.
SDC is used for hosting the State Service delivery gateway (SSDG) and state
portal and forms the main engine of e-Forms.
CSC is the main access point for citizens and will be used for filling up e-
Forms from a remote rural location.
Once the infrastructure is in place, state governments would be loading
applications on the Uttarakhand State Wide Area Network , which can accessed
through the SSDG, These gateways will provide a single window access to the
information and services of the state government at all levels. By simply filling
in specific forms with the required information at nearby CSCs, all citizens,
including those in remote rural areas, will be able to access data and apply for
certificates etc with the click of a mouse.
5.5 IT Vision and Strategy
The state IT Policy aims to:
Encourage the use of IT in government not only as a tool for management and
decision support systems, but also re-engineer the processes to provide a
more efficient, transparent, accountable and responsive (SMART)
government to its citizens.
Upgrade the quality of life of citizens by facilitating easy access to consumer
applications of IT.
Encourage private sector initiatives for the development of world class IT
infrastructure adequate for the needs of citizens, industry and government.
Upgrade and develop skills required for the IT industry and to accelerate its
use in schools and colleges, to ensure the youth are fit for employment.
The government‟s plan for the IT sector is three-dimensional
• Setting up infrastructure
• Building the capacity
• Developing software applications
The IT department developed two IT Parks in 2005-06. The state plans to develop
a “Hermitage Building” project to Nainital .
5.5.1 IT Infrastructure
The government‟s initiative to introduce e-Governance is aimed at improving the
efficiency of various departments. It is also expected to aid the government in
interacting effectively with investors, other governments as well as the common
public. Improving the transparency in the system also falls high on the government‟s
agenda for reforms. Some of the projects include:
The Uttarakhand State Wide Area Network (USWAN) project to have the
required IT infrastructure for USWAN and Data Centre in place.
The state portal “Uttara” has been developed providing information about all
109 departments and institutions
Computerization of all offices of transport department is in progress with the
help of NIC and Hiltron. $1.14 million has been sanctioned by the IT
department for back-end computerization, out of which $0.55 million has been
released to Hiltron in phase-I .
Some of the other projects include :
Common Service Centres (CSC)
Development of Human Resources Management System
Project Management Application for PWD
Key highlights of Uttarakhand e-Governance initiative:
• Development of Smart Card Infrastructure
• The world‟s first Microsoft IT Academy was established in Dehradun
• Uttarakhand is among the leading states in computer education
5.6 State Citizen Data Card (SCDC)
At present, the citizens are not having any identity proof Card .They are using
either PAN card or Electoral Identification Card to prove their identity in state. There
are a lot of problems faced by the citizens in the current system.
State to prepare an ID Card STDC (State Citizen Data Card) It
(Biometric) is considered the most reliable way of guaranteeing people‟ identity since
each person has his or her own individual characteristics that cannot be changed, lost
or stolen.
Fighting identify theft has never been so necessary, as today, if we are to
guarantee homeland security .We all know that fake identities can have very serious
consequences, as shown by crimes, terrorism and illegal immigration .Biometrics is
highly recommended as the best solution to counter these threats. It is considered the
most reliable way of guaranteeing people‟ identify identification of individuals
although it is used in that way by certain program of States.
This application intends to provide an interface between citizens and state
officers to process the application online to collect (scdc). The system will provide a
forum for state citizens to apply over the web portal. They need to fill up all the
information as required in the form and submit to the system. The system will cross
check the data with the master database. If the person has earlier applied for birth
certificate, which actually generates an identification number, this number will be
referenced. If not, the system will create a new identification card number and a
reference number. This reference number is to facilitate the user to check the
application status.
If the status is approved, then the user must go to any of the state kiosk or CIC
to provide the thumb print and scanned photo. Once all the information is uploaded to
State Data Center database and once SDC pass the information to CSC produce the
SRIC, SRIC will be ready.
The current system requires citizens to provide thumb prints and their
photograph in order to process SRIC application. Besides giving thumb prints
manually using thumb pads, thumb prints can also be given using biometric thumb
scanner and related software to store it. There are many kinds of biometric scanners in
the market which can support these options. Fingerprint and thumbprint scanners are
popular for their ease of use. Several of these devices integrated into mice and stand-
alone scanners. BioLink's released U-Match 3.5 fingerprint scanner and U-Match
MatchBook 5.0 takes the concept one step further. These scanners contain a built-in
thumb-print scanner and provide log-on security with no extra hardware on the desk.
The U-Match Matchbook provides added security by combining a fingerprint scanner
and smart card reader. Both devices can be used by USB port. Biolink's biometric
scanners are widely used in government departments such as for passport departments
in Senegal, Maldives, sales tax department in India, department of human services in
San Francisco, and a few Banks in Kazakhstan. It is not practical for citizens to
acquire it in order to perform the online registration considering the high price of
acquiring it. Therefore, one of the ways to capture the fingerprint is by way of placing
this type of biometric scanner at CSC kiosks at public places so that citizens can drop
by at kiosks and provide thumb prints and photo while they do their shopping. The
same is applicable for loading citizens' photo into the SDC database. Figure shows
how the thumb print can be transmitted online over the CSC kiosk to SDC.
5.6.1 State Data Centre (SDC)
State Data Centre (SDC) has been identified as one of the important element
of the core infrastructure for supporting e-Governance initiatives. Under this study we
proposed to create State Data Centres for the States to consolidate services,
applications and infrastructure to provide efficient electronic delivery of G2G, G2C
and G2B services. These services can be rendered by the States through common
delivery platform seamlessly supported by core Connectivity Infrastructure such as
State Wide Area Network and Common Service Centre (CSC) connectivity extended
up to village level. State Data Centre would provide many functionalities and some of
the key functionalities are Central Repository of the State, Secure Data Storage,
Online Delivery of Services, Citizen Information/Services Portal, State Intranet
Portal, Disaster Recovery, Remote Management and Service Integration.
The State Data Centre will work as a key-supporting element of e-Governance
Initiatives & businesses for delivering services to the citizens with greater reliability,
availability and serviceability. SDC provides better operations & management control
and minimizes overall cost of Data Management, IT Management, Deployment and
other costs.
State Data Centre will act as a mediator and convergence point between open
unsecured public domain and sensitive government environment. It enables various
State departments to host their services/applications on a common infrastructure
leading to ease of integration and efficient management, ensuring that computing
resources and the support connectivity infrastructure (SWAN/NICNET) is adequately
and optimally used.
The SDC will be equipped to host / co-locate systems (e.g. Web Servers,
Application Servers, Database Servers, SAN, and NAS etc.) to host applications at the
SDC to use the centralized computing power. The centralized computers/Servers will
be used to host multiple applications. SDC will have high availability, centralized
authenticating system to authenticate the users to access their respective systems
depending on the authentication matrix. State would need to establish the SDC using
any one of the two options indicated below:
Option I:
State/UT and NIC together form a composite team for the State Data Centre.
While sovereign control of the data/ applications shall be with the State and NIC
through its dedicated core team (6-7domain experts /professionals) which may be
specially created for each State, shall provide complete handholding for infrastructure
up-keep, operations & management including issues related to business continuity.
NIC Data Centre team would further be supported by domain specialists and support
staff that would to be recruited by the Centre/State for the State Data Centre. The
Facility Management services for physical infrastructure may be outsourced, if
required.
Option II :
The State leverages the capabilities of existing commercial Internet Data Centres
(IDCs) for which different deployment models are available i.e. Co-located services,
Dedicated Services and Managed Services. Under this option, the State may identify a
suitable model (confined to either co-located services or dedicated services only
keeping in view the security implications) to select an appropriate agency through a
suitable competitive process for outsourcing. The entire process of outsourcing,
including advising on the most appropriate model, would be managed by the
consulting agency to be made available by DIT to the State. Further, the State may
also exercise the option to engage and utilize the manpower resources of NIC.
5.7 IT and e-Governance initiatives in Uttarakhand
In the state, maintaining pace with the global world, the Government is
drawing up a comprehensive programme to ensure that the benefit of e-Governance
reaches all sections of the society and economy. Various IT activities, such as
development of software applications packages, creation of e-Governance
infrastructure, databases, digital/educational content, etc., in e-Governance domain,
are part of Government‟s strategy in driving the IT penetration in Government offices.
NIC Uttarakhand State Unit, Dehradun has been instrumental in steering Information
and Communication Technology applications in Government Departments at various
levels, facilitating improvement in Government services, wider transparency in
Government functions and resulting improvement in decentralized planning and
management. The state unit was inaugurated on 10th November 2001 by the then
Chief Minister of the state. Since its inception in year 2001, major activities
undertaken by NIC in Uttaranchal can be categorized as follows:
Sectoral ICT
Web Applications
Infrastructure & Services
Trainings
Website (http://ua.nic.in , http://www.uttara.in)
IT has tremendous potential for developing a state like Uttarakhand. IT can be
leveraged to move forward from the status of a developing to a developed state. It can
help in bringing an administration, which is quick, responsive, transparent and
accessible.
The state therefore recognizes the importance of IT as a key enabler in its
economic development and improvement in government functioning. NIC-
Uttarakhand State/district units are playing an important role in promoting the usage
of IT, in increasing transparency and efficiency in the government.
It was in the month of Aug‟2001, when NIC-USU office has actually started its
operation in Uttarakhand .NIC-USU‟s services have evolved with time and in a short
span of just 5 years, it has come a long way and touched almost all the sectors, be it
computerization of Treasuries, Land Records, property Registration, Transport,
Planning, Commercial Tax, IPAO, Jal Sansthan, PWD, employment exchanges,
establishment of VC-studios, Networking, website development and hosting etc.
Uttarakhand is a young state and capacity building is very critical to accelerate the
process of development. Against this backdrop, trained more than 2000 officials and
generated skilled manpower in the state. These are the 11 projects undertaken by
Uttarakhand government:
Centrally Initiated e-Governance projects
(Under e-Governance (G2C) Category)
1. Land Records Computerization at Tahsil Level
2. Land Records Citizen Centric Website
3. Transport Office Computerization
4. MIS Development for Jal Sansthan (Pey Jal) Department, Uttarakhand
5. AGMARKNET
6. Right To Information (RTI) Website
7. CONFONET (Computerization of State/District Consumer Forums)
8. Multipurpose National Id-Card (MNIC) Project
9. MIS for National Rural Employment Guarantee Assurance (NREGA)
Programme
10. Unique Id-Project for Residents
11. Common Integrated Police Application (CIPA)
5.8 Common Service Centre (CSC)
In this study we proposed a three pillar model for e-initiatives for Uttarakhand:
1. State Data Centres Back-end
2 .State Wide Area Networks Delivery Channel
3. Common Services Centres Front-end
As a part of the National e-Governance Plan there will be :
100,000 Common Services Centers in Rural India - 10,000 in Urban India
One CSC to service a cluster of 6 villages – 6,00,000 villages networked
CSCs enabled with appropriate IT Infrastructure and Connectivity
Focus on Rural Entrepreneurship & Market Mechanisms
Focus on Private Sector services for quick sustainability
CSCs to be positioned as the retail extension outlets in rural India
No Capital Subsidy but Guaranteed Revenue Support from State/Centre
5.8.1 Services offered through CSC
The CSC s would offer a multitude of services ranging in the areas of e-
Government, education, health, agriculture, commercial, retail, etc. It is to be noted
that delivery of Government services would be mandatory for the CSCs. To that
effect, possible service areas (indicative) are listed below:
5.8.2 Government Services –G2C
Land Records
Birth/Death Certificates
Grievances
Form downloads and submissions
Bill payments –water, electricity, telecom, etc.
Licenses, permits, subsidies
Property Tax and Registration
Bus pass, Railway tickets, Passport, etc.
5.8.3 Business to Business – B2B/G2B
Market Research, Surveys, Data Collection
Rural BPO Services (Data Collection, Digitalization, etc.)
Advertising, Branding and Promotions
5.8.4 Business to Consumer Services - B2C
IT services (Printing, Scanning, DTP, web surfing, etc.)
Agri-business services (consulting, procurement, etc.)
Banking and Financial Services (Loans, Deposits, etc.)
Telecom Services (PCO, phone sales, etc.)
Commercial Services (Matrimonial, Astrology, Bio-data, etc.)
Retail Sales & Referrals (Farm Inputs, Vehicles, etc.)
Education Services (IT Training, English Speaking, etc.)
Health (Tele-medicine, OTC medicines, etc.)
eCommerce (Online shopping, trading, etc.)
5.8.5 Common Services through CSC
Electricity, Water, Telephone, Ration Card, Sanitation, Public Transport, Land
Records ,Telephone ,House tax billing ,FIR Registration, Lost and Found , Pension,
Registration of Licenses and Certificates Ration Cards, Birth Certificates, Death
Certificate, Domicile Certificate, Caste / Tribe Certificate , Arms Renewal,
Registration of Documents, School Registration, University Registration, Motor
Vehicle Registration, Driving License, Employment Exchange Registration,
Employment Opportunities, Examination Results, Hospitals / Beds Availability /
Services, Railway Time Tables, Airline Time Tables, Road Transport Time Tables,
Government Forms, Government Schemes, Seeds Information, Pesticides, Fertilizers,
Crop disease, Weather Forecast - short range / District wise, Market Price for
agriculture areas ,Taxation & Return Filing, Income Tax, Corporate Tax ,Sales Tax,
House Tax, Property Tax, Road Tax, Company Returns and many more.
Figure 5.3: e-Governance Services framework
State People Users Professionals Users
Internet Users, Mobile Users, Media, Kiosks
e-District
Portal
State
Portal National
Portal
Department
Portals
Central
Agencies
Service
Providers State Agencies
Services
5.9 Advanced Architecture Algorithm of Sensor based Robotics
Security System framework for e-Governance Technology
The main objective of this paper is to present a new Sensor-Based security
system Planning framework for e-governance system robot navigation in unknown
environments. The key idea of the sensor based robotics security system technique is
to exploit the information obtained about the environment topology through the
sensors and information and Communication technology(ICT) functions to bias the
distribution of random nodes in e-governance technology -like approach towards
critical regions, i.e. narrow passages and hard-to-navigate regions.
This results in a better coverage of the free space especially in environments
where narrow passages exist. Inspired by the promising results obtained using this
technique for model-based cases we propose a sensor-based robotics security planning
framework. In our proposed sensor-based technique information obtained about the
C-space topology through the FD paradigm is utilized to find the next best view
configuration where each scan should be carried out. They are actually measuring the
force which produces the acceleration of a known mass. Different types of
acceleration transducers are known: stress-strain gage, piezoelectric, capacitive, and
inductive. Micromechanical accelerometers have been developed. In this case the
force is measured by measuring the strain in elastic cantilever beams formed from
silicon dioxide by an integrated circuit fabrication technology. Sensors are used to
detect the positive contact between two mating parts and/or to measure the interaction
forces and torques which appear while the robot manipulator conducts part mating
operations. Another type of contact sensors is the tactile sensors which measure a
multitude of parameters of the touched object surface.
5.9.1 Range of Sensors: Range sensors measure the distance of two areas and objects
in their operation area are used. They are used for robot navigation one contact to
other contacts, in robotics system are used the sensors and sensors are specified the
particular range. If robots sensors are very fares then these are not working properly
and obstacle avoidance or to recover the third dimension for monocular vision. Range
sensors are based on one of the two principles: time-of-flight and triangulation.
Time-of-flight sensors estimate the range by measuring the time elapsed between the
transmission and return of a pulse. Laser range finders and sonar are the best known
sensors of this type.
Triangulation sensors measure range by detecting a given point on the object
surface from two different points of view at a known distance from each other.
Knowing this distance and the two view angles from the respective points to the
aimed surface point, a simple geometrical operation yields the range.
Figure 5.4: Control System for e-Governance
5.9.2. Robot controller can have a multi-level hierarchical architecture
These are the level of Robot controller as follows:
5.9.3. Artificial intelligence level: In this level commands are used for give the
programming commands for the robots of controlling system when you want to
execute the particular path then robots take executable correct command. where the
program will accept a command such as, „Pick up the bearing „ and decompose it into
a sequence of lower level commands based on a strategic model of the task.
5.9.4. Control mode level: where the motions of the system are modeled, including
the dynamic interactions between the different mechanisms, trajectories planned, and
grasp points selected. From this model a control strategy is formulated, and control
commands issued to the next lower level.
5.9.5. Servo system level: In this where actuators control the mechanism parameters
using feedback of internal sensory data, and paths are modified on the basis of
external sensory data. Also failure detection and correction mechanisms are
implemented at this level.
There also are different levels of abstraction for the robot programming languages:
Figure 5.5: Advanced Monitoring System[12]
5.9.6. Guiding the systems: In which system the user leads the robot through the
motion sensor to be performed the specific path. If we move the robots then user give
the guidelines with help of executable codes.
5.9.7. Robot-level programming: In which the user writes a computer program for
the specify motion and tasking. In this programming we can execute the particular
programming code. When we decide everything with our mind but robots decided the
thing with the help of programs and he execute the programs then he jumps next
levels.
5.10. Algorithm for Sensor based Robotics Controlling:
The overall algorithm of the sensor-based motion planning framework is given as the
following pseudo-code:
{
W ← Workspace.Initialize;
[C, ∆Cf ree , Cunkbnd ] ← Cspace.Initialize(W );
R ← Roadmap.Initialize(∆Cf ree );
qcur ← qs ;
it ← 0;
repeat
it ← it+1;
path ← Roadmap.Search(qcur , qg , R);
if path != NULL
qcur ← Robot.Move(path); Exit;
end;
V ← Fem.Solve(qs , qg , C);
qv ← Planner.NextBestView(V , Cunkbnd , R, W );
path ← Roadmap.Search(qcur , qv , R);
qcur ← Robot.Move(path);
W ← Workspace.Update(∆W , W );
[C, ∆Cf ree , Cunkbnd ] ← Cspace.Update(C, W );
R ← Roadmap.Expand(∆Cf ree , R);
until it <= MAXITNUM
}
In this algorithm configure the robots give the working of robots in their workplace
of security system.
5.11. Application of Robotics System in Different Type of e-Governance
Technology:
5.11.1. Hospital Robotics: Automated robotic carts with Motivity make predictable,
anywhere-to-anywhere deliveries, avoiding people and other obstacles, without
expensive retro-fitting to the workplace. When vacuum tubes are too expensive,
intrusive or inadequate for the job, transport systems with Motivity solve transport
and conveyance problems. When manual systems put staff at risk or distract from core
duties, robotic carts with Motivity provide welcome relief from dull, dirty or
dangerous tasks.
5.11.2. Remote Monitoring system in e-Governance Technology: Global
enterprises require remote access to far-flung facilities. And in this we adopt the
monitoring system to every secure areas because it is provide the monitoring system.
Adept Motivity platforms collect time and spatially stamped sensor data and images
for real-time viewing, historical tracking and predictive modeling of conditions at
remote sites. Optional pan-tilt laser pen allows viewer to point in remote space to
direct occupants' attention for remote support calls and maintenance questions.
Remote monitoring systems are used in defense areas and facilitate the government
technology.
5.11.3. Security Robotics System in Securities Areas: in this user remotely monitor,
manage, inspect, and assist a facility with intelligent mobile robots powered by Adept
Motility by integrating them with building information and security management
systems. Interrupt patrols for incident response such as alarm verification, supply
delivery, or calls for resources at an event location. Implement security automation on
a controlled-cost, low-impact schedule; start with one robot, build to 100. New
checkpoints, tasks, and sites can be added quickly. Typical ROI is 6-12 months in a
24/7 operation, with added benefits from improved tracking, increased reliability, and
lower worker risk of hazard.
5.11.4. Outdoor Robots: Adept Mobile Robots outdoor platforms offer multiple
solutions for commercial applications. Whether the need is a lighter, easily
transported base with hot swappable batteries, or a larger base capable of running all
day without recharging, Adept Mobile Robots has a Seeker robot platform for the
task. Both Seeker robot platforms can be teleported, driven by a cabled joystick or
allowed full autonomy, performing tasks and patrolling routes unsupervised. Add
GPS, laser rangefinders, PCs, or application-specific hardware like gas sensors or
powerful manipulators to get the job done in a cost-effective manner without putting a
human in harm‟s way.
5.11.5. Intelligent Robotics Kiosks: Intelligent display robots with Adept Motility
tote touch screen data displays, customized, networked, embedded PC and supplies
where needed, avoiding people and other obstacles, without expensive retro-fitting to
the workplace. The people-height touch screen makes interaction easy. When staff
hands are full, mobile robots with Adept Motility can carry what‟s needed to the next
location on their own and begin working or follow a staff-person there. Or they can
guide visitors and provide tours. Implement touch screen robots on a controlled-cost,
low-impact schedule; start with one robot, build to 100. Add new destinations, tasks
and worksites quickly, or just stay in follow mode. Typical ROI is 12 months in a
24X7 operation, with added benefits from improved tracking, increased productivity
and lower worker risk of hazard.
Figure 5.6: Robots Security System with Monitoring [12]
5.12. What Robots Can Do Right Now in e-Governance Technology?
Some Example we can show here……
5.12.1. Cleaning: vacuum cleaner is best example of the cleaning system at our
Home, even if you're not at home!
5.12.2. Automated Hauling: Several robots will carry dishes and other small loads
from room to room. A friend, recovering from hip surgery, to carry food from the
kitchen to the living room, and the dirty dishes back into the kitchen again. Since he
was on crutches, this was a real lifesaver.
5.12.3. Security: Home robots could easily be tied into a computerized home security
system, and the robot's mobility would allow more areas in the home to be protected.
And robots make secure security system.
5.12.4. Alarm Clock: With a little work I will soon be able to use Cybert as an alarm
clock. Every morning he will roll into my bedroom and wake me up; once he senses
that I'm out of bed he will follow me into the bathroom and deliver up-to-the minute
news, weather, sports, and stock market information.
5.12.5. Entertainment: Robotics is an exciting hobby for many people around the
world. There are countless clubs, websites, and books that have been written for those
who are interested in the topic.
5.12.6. Education: Using a home robot not only teaches about robotics, it teaches
spatial navigation, mapping, dud reckoning, programming, and more.
5.13. What Robotics System will be Able To Do in the Future
Technology?
Some examples of Robotics are as follows who has used in future as :
5.13.1. Pest Control: Small robots may one day scurry around our homes at night,
locating and smashing cockroaches and other unwanted guests (no, I'm not talking
about your mother-in-law.).
5.13.2. Child Care: The technology already exists to use a robot to check on the kids
while we are away from the house. Robotics will soon add a camera and an Internet
interface that would allow someone to "drive" the robot around from a remote
computer and receive live pictures of everything that Cye "sees".
5.13.3. Advanced Home Security and Management: Robots in the near future will
use advanced AI (artificial intelligence) to monitor our homes, make sure everything
is functioning properly and watch out for intruders.
5.13.4. Hazard Detection: It would be fairly easy to attach fire, smoke, carbon
monoxide, and other detectors to a home robot. Every night the robot could "make the
rounds" to ensure that everything is okay. [10]
5.14 Uses of E-governance
E-governance provides the various services but we are discussing some uses of e-
governance services that is teaches by ICT that is describing below:
1. ICT provides the full knowledge to the farmers about the fertilization like
how much fertilizer and which fertilizers uses in the field. Which fertilizer
best for good farming. Which crop is the best for the field means in less cost
which crop farming best for the field.
2. ICT provides the full knowledge to the rural areas people about the
medical like don‟t make ur doctor itself. ICT group open-eyes to the rural
areas people about the diseases. They vigilant the people for medical
diagnosis.They convey the people for the treatment through the doctor not by
the ojha. They eager the rural areas people for coming and joining the free
medical camps and checked their diseaes by doctor.
3. ICT helps the people in education. It tells the rural areas people about the
free education government policies. They gives the knowledge to the rural
areas people about night classes and how after literation they help itself. No
one cheat them.
4. ICT also helps in the banking to rural areas people. They gives the
knowledge about the safe loan like land, home, vehicle etc various types of
loan. They aware the people to the cheaters that cheat them by gaving the
loan.[9]
5.15 WEBtop (Operating Systems on Web)
The web operating system is evolving as a form at a rapid pace, promising to
free us from Windows once and for all. If you want to take the desktop to your web
browser, one contender is well on the way to making it possible. Web Operating
Systems (WebOS) is: “A software platform that interacts with the user through a web
browser and does not depend on any particular local operating system.”Web operating
systems are also commonly referred to as Web desktops or WEBTOPS.
"A web desktop or webtop is a network application system for integrating web
applications into a web based work space. It is a virtual desktop on the web, running
in a web browser as software. Web desktops often are characterized by an
environment similar to that of Windows, Mac, or Linux, but are now considered to
have much more functionality being dependent on the internet. Typical benefits
include the ability to save work and settings over the internet rather than to the local
desktop."
The first occurrence of the term “WebOS” is in the name of a computer
research project started by University of California, Berkeley in 1996 (that is now
continuing at Duke University), which describes it this way: "WebOS provides basic
operating systems services needed to build applications that are geographically
distributed, highly available, incrementally scalable, and dynamically reconfiguring."
Now you can think WebOS as a virtual desktop on the web, accessible via a
browser, with multiple integrated built-in applications that allow the user to easily
manage and organize her data from any location.
5.15.1 Benefits of WebOS
In a normal window based operating system, you need to use your own
resources like hard disk , memory and only your OS based applications can run ,like
you cannot work with MS office in Linux . A WebOS gives you freedom of work
from any terminal from any location using a web browser. The notion of the web
operating system attempts to unify your web applications to some extent, providing
you with a single point of access through which you can utilize tools and services,
store your files, read your emails and return to and from any computer on the planet.
Just as you can store your Google documents and spreadsheets on the web, and access
them from any terminal, irrespective of its operating system using , is a good example
of a web based OS . This is a new form of work with computers and an attempts to
make your entire desktop a WEBTOP .
5.15.2. Research Methodology
For this chapter, We have reviewed some most interesting WebOS available
nowadays and tried to provide a detailed description of their features. You will find
out that some of them have already reached a good level of implementation, while
others are still at their early stages. While reviewing these services We have identified
the following parameters as a comparison criteria for this list:
o Open API: the typology of Application Programming Interface that it uses
o Open-source: the possibility for users and developers to contribute to the
enrichment of the WebOS by creating new applications and widgets
o Integrated apps: the applications that the WebOS features by default (which
could be a text editor, an instant messenger, etc.)
o Audio-video Player: the availability of a media player within the WebOS
o Photo editing tool: the availability of a tool that allows the user to edit images
o E-mail client: the presence of an email client
o Instant Messaging: the availability of an integrated instant messenger
o Calendar: the existence of a calendar
o Collaboration - Conferencing tools: the presence of online collaboration
tools (such as VoIP, web conferencing tools, etc.)
o Mini-Browser: the integration of a web browser
o File storage: the amount of space – if available – to store files online
o File sharing support: the support for file sharing with other users
o Desktop Search: the presence of a desktop search engine within the WebOS
A technical review is given with research design and future goals to design better
web based operating systems is a part of this study .Findings of the study conclude
this paper .
5.15.3. Review of 10 web OS
Cloudo: Formerly known as Xindesk, Cloudo is an open internet-based
operating system that is written in PHP and runs the LAMP software bundle. It makes
full use of the area of the browser and seamlessly integrates with the iPhone‟s mobile
browser. Written using open technologies, this browser based OS is high on features
and usability. Currently in Public Beta, it opens to consumers next year.
EyeOS: One of the first implementations of the web-based OS that you can
run on your own server, EyeOS offers a credible amount of customization options as
long as your web server runs PHP5 and Apache. EyeOS also offers GUI
customization options which means that you can set up an OS the way you and your
users want it – highly recommended for those who need to set up their own Web OS.
Figure 5.7: Screenshot of the EyeOS
G.ho.st : Short for “Global Hosted Operating SysTem”, Ghost Inc.‟s web-
based operating system is built for all those consumers who need to set up an online
cloud-computing base without any hassles. The working environment is very similar
to most operating systems that users use, and users can add more applications in the
near future.
Glide OS : TransMedia‟s Glide OS is yet another entrant into the competitive
world of cloud computing. However, with Intel‟s plans of putting Glide into their
ultra-mobile PCs, this is one online OS that is not to be trifled with. Packing a host of
applications in its basic version, Glide does an admirable job of providing easy cloud
computing for its users on both the PC and mobile platforms.
Lucid Desktop: Lucid Desktop (formerly known as the Psych Desktop) is
built on a base of PHP5 and is a prosumer-oriented web desktop service. This desktop
can be installed on to a web server like EyeOS, and is remarkably simple to use and
write code for. With its proximity to Linux‟s code, Lucid Desktop will be a sure hit
with the Linux-loving masses.
Online OS: A welcome departure from the masses, Online OS is written in
Javascript and uses AJAX for its fast and user-friendly work. The demo desktop looks
like the Windows XP desktop (the registered version can be made to look like KDE or
Mac OSX) and loads very fast (although there are a few glitches here and there when
components fail to load quickly). It has file-management and other abilities, but most
of its applications are not part of the OS itself – rather, they launch outside of it,
making Online OS a sort of a portal to these apps.
WikiOffice: This is one of those few online operating systems that make use
of the EXT-JS library for its functioning. Coupled with cutting-edge GUI,
qWikiOffice is indistinguishable from an ordinary OS when it works. However, it is
still under development and there are no releases as yet.
Windows4all:
Figure 5.8: Windows4All - The Silverlight based Web OS
Using Microsoft‟s Silverlight technology, Windows4all is an online virtual
operating system. With a Vista-like GUI and desk bar, this is for all those Windows
fanatics who need to use their favourite OS on computers that do not have Windows
installed.
DesktopTwo: Labelled a “Webtop”, this cloud OS is one of the premier
services offered online, developed by Sapotek. The goal of the developers is to
convert the internet into a full fledged platform for working instead of relying on
hard-drive based applications. It is a playground for developers as they have released
their code under AGPL license.
Google Chrome OS: Google‟s highly anticipated (slated for release in 2010)
cloud computing OS is still largely open to speculation as Google has not released
much information since its blog post on the Chrome OS and we have reason to
believe that it will be as groundbreaking as its Browser.
Technical Review: WebOS provides OS services using wide-area network
and applications, there is a need to include mechanisms for resource discovery, a
global namespace, remote process execution, resource management, authentication,
and security. On a single machine, application developers can rely on the local
operating system to provide these abstractions. In the wide area, however, application
developers are forced to build these abstractions themselves or to do without. This ad-
hoc approach wastes programmer effort and system resources. To address these
problems, WebOS provides basic operating systems services needed to build
applications that are geographically distributed, highly available, incrementally
scalable, and dynamically reconfiguring. An application that demonstrates the utility
of WebOS tested using Rent-A-Server application , which is a web server capable of
dynamically replicating itself geographically in response to client access patterns.
5.16 Design goals and direction
5.16.1 User interface: The study indicate that a suitable user interface is a prime
design goals for any Web OS ,user interface should be in a form that include using
minimal screen space by combining applications and standard Web pages into a single
tab strip, rather than separating the two. Designers should consider a reduced window
management scheme that would operate only in full-screen mode. Secondary tasks
would be handled with "panels": floating windows that dock to the bottom of the
screen for tasks like chat and music players. Split screens can be used for viewing
two pieces of content side-by-side. We propose the use of search and pinned tabs as a
way to quickly locate and access applications after review some web OS.
5.16.2 Architecture :The study shows that in preliminary design we should use a
three-tier architecture: firmware, browser and window manager, with system-level
software and user end services.
The firmware contributes to fast boot time by not probing for hardware. The
firmware will also contribute security services by verifying each step in the
boot process and incorporating system recovery.
System-level software will include the OS kernel that has been patched to
improve boot performance. User end software has been trimmed to essentials,
with management by Upstart, which can launch services in parallel, re-spawn
crashed jobs, and defer services in the interest of faster booting.
The window manager will handle user interaction with multiple client
windows much like other X window managers.
5.17 Findings
We find out that most of the Web OS, are based on the Internet browser
interface which almost every PC user is familiar with and having with their PC .
WebOS are faster than normal OS as most of the web OS version boots up in under
10 seconds as we tested , some Web-based program leverages the advantages of
cloud computing ,so that all your data is located online and can be accessed via any
computer. In fact, a Chrome-based Netbook will save the last open Web page or
application online such that you can log into any portable using Google's OS and
resume exactly where you left off.
Security is also tight, as all applications are Web-based and sandboxed. Hence,
programs do not have the ability to corrupt the machine's operating system with
viruses or malware. Some WebOS based applications claimed that all firmware
upgrades are free and automatically downloaded, unlike normal windows based OS
which demand hundreds of dollars for new OS versions.
5.17.1 Some Limitations reviewed : Due to the tight integration between the
operating system and the Internet, what happens when one is cut off from the Web ?
Despite high Net penetration rates worldwide, a traveler to a foreign land may not
want to pay for online access, which, in some countries, can be very expensive. We
tested that Chrome-based Netbook is able to open multimedia files and play videos,
but there is no built-in application to open Word or PDF documents. The fact is that
some currently available WebOS have no provisions for installing third-party
software is another limitation .
Further concern is data security. With traffic taking place between the WebOS
and the Internet cloud, hackers can sniff out Internet packages and intercept
information between a PC and a Wi-Fi router. Most companies use encryption via
VPN software to hinder hacking attempts, but this may not be possible with some
WebOS like Chrome OS. [11]
5.18 State data warehouse
Data warehouse is a subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant, non-volatile
collection of data, cutting across the enterprise. Until there is a repository of accurate
data across the enterprise value chain, application of mining tools to analyze and aid
in strategic government decisions is impossible. Currently, in most enterprises, the
most difficult and resource consuming stage of development and deployment is data
warehouse and mining application development.
At times, government departments might come across shortages of resources
in one department and excess of resources in the other. This could be due to non-
availability of proper data and facilities to disseminate information. Even if
government departments are computerized and networked more for the purpose of
Internet usage and mail transfer, the information available in one department, which
possess the data might not be utilized by other departments.
This is because the information is stored in different formats, in different
platforms and in heterogeneous data base systems. A look at the information
requirements at each level and the information flow across levels shows a pattern.
While information that flows from top (fund sanction, allocation and disbursement
details) is split up to generate information for lower levels, information that flows
from grass root level (such as expenditure details, benefits details, beneficiary details
etc.) is consolidated to generate information for higher levels. This pattern makes the
entire vertical domain of e-Governance framework, an ideal domain for development
of data warehousing and use of data mining applications.
5.18.1 Benefits of State Data Warehouse
Do not have to deal with heterogeneous and silo systems.
Dependence on IT staff minimized.
Can obtain easily decipherable and comprehensive information. without the
need to use sophisticated tools.
Can perform extensive analysis of stored data to provide answers to
exhaustive queries.
Helps in formulating more effective strategies and policies for citizen
facilitation.
5.18.2 Online Search Option
The proposed system only provides submission of registration. The future
system may provide more options to citizens as well as to government officials to
query and search on data stored in database, with implementation of strict and
powerful security features.
Provide Options to Lodge Loss of Certificates or SRIC and Apply for its
Copy: Currently, every loss of certificates is registered manually and the proposed
system does not provide any option to lodge the loss or application for a copy of the
certificates. The future system should include these options in order to provide a
complete service.
5.18.3 e-Payment and m-Payment
Create electronic payment system and incorporate it with the portal. Services
such as marriage and adoption registration incur charges. This charges must be made
payable by State government portal. The system with e-Payment facilities will
definitely provide ease of use. m-payment using m-banking facility.
Someday, people will log on to a website, establish their identity with a
password and digital signature, and carry out their transaction with government
without leaving their home. In time, the Internet will affect the public sector much
more profoundly than it has the private sector, for the simple reason that people like to
go out shopping whereas they dread the thought of making a trip to government office
and do so only out of necessity. Using the Internet would not only make people's lives
easier, it will change the way they think about government.
5.18.4 m-Services (Mobile phone based services)
We have more mobile users, as compared to the Internet users, in the state,
this fact provide a strong opportunity for state government to provide anytime
anywhere services to citizens without a stationary wired setup. Mobile governance is
comparatively, a broader phenomenon which is inevitable and will have a substantial
influence on the generation of standard strategies, rules and functions of e-
Governance in future.
The volume of penetration of mobile devices will put severe pressure on m-
Governance implementations. The users will want to have government services (those
which are appropriate for mobile technologies) to be delivered and accessible
anywhere and anytime.
5.18.5 SMS Alerts (In Local Language)
University results, Boards results, Various Entrance examinations results on
mobile phone, Farming information, Disaster information on mobile phone. Health
related information on mobile phone.
The following are some of the attractive benefits of using m-services:
Low Cost: Mobile phones are a relatively low cost technology as compared
Internet technology.
Ease of Learning: Usage of mobile devices is fairly simple thus making it
easy for any common person to use it and to access information.
Enhanced Network: A wide range of government services can be delivered
via mobile network. According to an estimate by R.Chandrashekhar,
Additional Secretary (e-Gov), Government of India, approximately 50 to 60%
of government services in India can be delivered through mobile channels.
Wide availability of mobile phones: The use of Internet requires a fairly
complex set of skills and technology know how's. There are certain
requirements such as electricity, communication lines, computer workstation
and in most cases a reasonable fluency in English. These requirements are
difficult to be met in many e-Governance applications, cannot be implemented
and if implemented they fail to succeed and meet their objective.
Easy Infrastructure Setup: Due to the simple architecture of mobile
telephony, new mobile phone networks can be easily installed in countries
where infrastructure is an issue and that too without too much economic
constraint.
3G Services: The shift towards higher data transfer rates and third generation
(3G) services which promise to make more information available at faster
speeds.
5.19 Data Security
The proposed model will work as an online system hosted by a public
(Internet) of private network (UKSWAN), for that user trust is must to use that
applications following are some recommendations:
5.19.1 Authentication
This is the ability to say that an electronic communication (whether via email
or web) does genuinely come from who it purports to. The challenge here is to have
simple, cost-effective but strong enough authentication method. At least two levels of
authentication are recommended. However, implementations of hardware tokens like
Citizen Smart card are expensive and not easily manageable.
5.19.2 Privacy
Privacy is the ability to ensure that information is accessed and changed only
by authorized parties. Typically this is achieved by enforcing strong security controls
in the server systems and via encryption.
5.19.3 Authorization
Authorization allows a person or computer system to determine if someone
has the authority to request or approve an action or information. Authorization is tied
with Authentication. If a system can securely verify that a request for information
(such as a web page) or a service (purchase requisition) has come from a known
individual, the system can then check against its internal rules to see if that person has
sufficient authority for the request to proceed. However, in case of e-Governance, the
huge and varied types of clientele pose a challenge for the authorization process.
5.19.4 Integrity
The Integrity of information means ensuring that a communication received
has not been altered or tampered with. Traditionally, this problem has been dealt with
by having tight control over access to paper documents and requiring authorized
officers to initial all changes made – a system with obvious drawbacks and
limitations. Integrity of messages can be achieved in G2B and G2G applications by
using digital certificates. However, for general population this will remain a
challenge.
5.20 Benefits of proposed system
The proposed framework will build on public-private partnership model.
Citizens shall provide with a clean, transparent, efficient and effective administrative
system through the state-of-the-art Electronic and communication technology. This
model will be a direct interface between the citizens and the government (C2G),
which saves considerable time, energy and money to every one and gives the citizens
the advantage of hassle free dealings with the administration. All administration
departments of Uttarakhand come under one roof, offering a wide Range Of citizen-
friendly services .All service centers are facilitated with an electronic system. It will
be a one-stop-shop for many of G2C and B2C services of Uttarkhand.
Following will be the key benefits after adoption this proposed model:
All services can be availed at any Common Service Center (CSC) or with the
help of information kiosks.
All services can be availed at any counter within the center, i.e. a consumer
need not visit one counter for one service and another for another service.
Services can be availed on holidays as well (365*24 work culture).
Bill payments can be made over the internet using EFT schemes of Banks.
Development of Integrated Citizen Service House (ICSH) to offer services of
multiple Government departments under one roof.
Payment of utility bills like water, electricity, telephone, property tax etc using
Internet / Mobile phone, Issue of birth, death and property certificates on line.
Booking bus tickets and train tickets through Internet, ATM machine,
information kiosks.
Issue of license on line.
Filing of passport application in Uttarakhand state on line.
Sale of legal documents for land registration.
Sale of state tourism department's travel and entertainment packages.
Integrated caste, nativity and birth certificate based on CID number.
Filing of income tax and sell tax returns.
e-education for rural areas in distance learning mode.
e- Healthcare System to provide mobile medical facilities in remote areas of
Hills.
Citizens are not charged for any utility payments.
At all State e-Governance counters payment can be made through cash,
cheque, demand draft & credit card.
Each Data center communicates with the servers of the departments
concerned. Therefore, payment particulars get updated on the departmental
servers in real time.
About 10000 citizens transact at the e-Governance centers everyday in future.
Citizens can use the facilities through the net by online payments.
Electronic receipt is treated as a conclusive proof of payment.
Business to Consumer (B2C) services at all centers. They include financial
services like ATM‟s, mutual funds etc. Other services include air ticketing,
Train booking, cellular phone bill payments etc.
Online exchange of interdepartmental user specific data to effectively reduce
cycle time for service fulfillment.
Initiation of transactions by citizens shall lead to revenue enhancement for
urban local body.
Optimized IT infrastructure.
Employment opportunities through mechanism like agent login.
Reduced paperwork.
Information on volume of service request with break-up by type and nature
Cycle time and all levels resolution of services requests.
Monitoring of incidents (Complaints) and their resolution cycle time.
Information on frequency and details of changes to city infrastructure
Useful information for capacity planning for infrastructure provision based on
land transactions /service requests received
Control of building activity in areas where infrastructure capacity is
inadequate
References
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12. Images taken from; google images(www.google.co.in)