An Invitation to HealthAn Invitation to HealthChapter 12Chapter 12

Tobacco Use, Misuse, and AbuseTobacco Use, Misuse, and Abuse

Dr. Lana Zinger

©2004 Wadsworth Publishing Co.

Smoking StatisticsSmoking Statistics Tobacco use is the leading Tobacco use is the leading

preventablepreventable cause of death in the cause of death in the United States claiming 440,00 lives United States claiming 440,00 lives each year.each year.

It accounts for 1 in 5 deaths in the It accounts for 1 in 5 deaths in the United States.United States.

It accounts for between $50 billion It accounts for between $50 billion and $73 billion in medical expenses.and $73 billion in medical expenses.

In the course of a lifetime, the average In the course of a lifetime, the average smoker can expect to spend tens of smoker can expect to spend tens of thousands of dollars on cigarettes.thousands of dollars on cigarettes.

Tobacco ComponentsTobacco Components NicotineNicotine

A dangerous, colorless, oily compound.A dangerous, colorless, oily compound. Highly addictive stimulant both physically and Highly addictive stimulant both physically and

psychologically.psychologically. Nicotine spreads to the nervous system within 8 Nicotine spreads to the nervous system within 8

seconds.seconds. Gases,Vapors,Chemicals and Gases,Vapors,Chemicals and

CompoundsCompounds Carbon monoxide and dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, Carbon monoxide and dioxide, nitrogen dioxide,

acetone, cadmium, pyridine, benzene, phenol, acrolin, acetone, cadmium, pyridine, benzene, phenol, acrolin, vinyl chloride, hydrogen cyanide and sulfide, vinyl chloride, hydrogen cyanide and sulfide, formaldehyde, and ammonia.formaldehyde, and ammonia.

Tar which Contains numerous cancer-causing particles Tar which Contains numerous cancer-causing particles (carcinogens) that remain in the lungs.(carcinogens) that remain in the lungs.

Tobacco contains 4,00+ compounds and toxic substances

The Immediate Effects Of The Immediate Effects Of Nicotine On The BodyNicotine On The Body

BrainBrain Nicotine first stimulates the Nicotine first stimulates the nervous system, then triggers nervous system, then triggers release of tranquilizing brain release of tranquilizing brain neurotransmitters and hormones neurotransmitters and hormones (dopamine, acetylcholine and (dopamine, acetylcholine and adrenaline).adrenaline).

LungsLungs The bloodstream absorbs nicotine The bloodstream absorbs nicotine from the lungs.from the lungs.

HeartHeart Nicotine causes the heartbeat to Nicotine causes the heartbeat to quicken.quicken.

Blood Blood VesselsVessels

Nicotine causes the blood vessels Nicotine causes the blood vessels to constrict, causing higher blood to constrict, causing higher blood pressure.pressure.

Some Effects Of Smoking On The Some Effects Of Smoking On The BodyBody

Health Effects Of Smoking On The Health Effects Of Smoking On The BodyBody

Why Do People Keep Why Do People Keep Smoking?Smoking?

PleasurePleasure

MentalMentalDisordersDisorders

Use Of OtherUse Of OtherSubstancesSubstances

DependenceDependence Fear of Fear of Weight GainWeight Gain

Why Do People Start Smoking?Why Do People Start Smoking?

GeneticsGeneticsAdolescent Adolescent

ExperimentationExperimentationParental RoleParental Role

ModelsModels

DepressionDepressionLimitedLimited

EducationEducation

WeightWeightControlControl

AddictionAddictionStressStressAggressiveAggressiveMarketingMarketing

Who Smokes In America?Who Smokes In America?

By AgeBy Age By GenderBy Gender By By Race/EthniciRace/Ethnici

tyty

Youths 12-Youths 12-17 yrs17 yrs13%

Young Young Adults 18-25 Adults 18-25

yrsyrs39%

Adults 26+ Adults 26+ yrsyrs

24%

MalesMales27%

FemalesFemales23%

WhitesWhites26%

BlacksBlacks24%

HispanicsHispanics21%

Smoke-Free HousingSmoke-Free Housing

Other Forms of TobaccoOther Forms of Tobacco

““Safer”Safer”CigarettesCigarettes

CigarsCigars

SmokelessSmokelessTobaccoTobacco

PipesPipes

BidisBidis

CloveCloveCigarettesCigarettes

The Dangers Of The Dangers Of Cigarettes Versus CigarsCigarettes Versus Cigars

Smokeless TobaccoSmokeless Tobacco

15 million Americans15 million Americans Just as addictive as Just as addictive as

cigarette smoking.cigarette smoking. Associated Health Associated Health

ProblemsProblems:: Gingivitis, peridontitis, Gingivitis, peridontitis,

oral cancer, premature oral cancer, premature death, more cavities, death, more cavities, sore gums, bad breath, sore gums, bad breath, stained teeth, diminished stained teeth, diminished sense of smell and taste, sense of smell and taste, increased heart rate and increased heart rate and blood pressure, and blood pressure, and addiction.addiction.

Environmental Tobacco Environmental Tobacco SmokeSmoke

Secondhand cigarette smoke is the most Secondhand cigarette smoke is the most hazardous form of indoor air pollution.hazardous form of indoor air pollution. Causes 3,000 deaths from lung cancer.Causes 3,000 deaths from lung cancer. Increases the risk of heart disease, Increases the risk of heart disease,

some cancers, sick leave rates, asthma, some cancers, sick leave rates, asthma, wheezing and bronchitis.wheezing and bronchitis.

Mainstream smokeMainstream smoke Sidestream smokeSidestream smoke Prenatal exposure to tobaccoPrenatal exposure to tobacco Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

How To QuitHow To Quit

Stop-Smoking Groups

Living Smoke FreeLiving Smoke FreeUse delaying tactics.Use delaying tactics.

Distract yourself.Distract yourself.Establish nonsmoking hours.Establish nonsmoking hours.

Never smoke two packs of the same brand in a Never smoke two packs of the same brand in a row.row.

Make it harder to get your cigarettes.Make it harder to get your cigarettes.Change the way you smoke.Change the way you smoke.

Keep daily records.Keep daily records.Stop completely for just one day at a time.Stop completely for just one day at a time.Spend more time in places where you can’t Spend more time in places where you can’t

smoke.smoke.Go cold turkey.Go cold turkey.