Post on 12-Jan-2016
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Animal Science
Skeletal System
FunctionProvides frame and support for all systems
and organs. Cartilage
Firm, flexible tissues that is not as hard as bone
Skeletal System
BoneAttach musclesMeans of movementProtect internal organsStorage of minerals
Skeletal System
Layers of BonePeriosteum
Outer layer Cushions the hard portion of
the bone Repair of broken bones
Skeletal System
Layers of BoneCompact Bone
beneath periosteum layer of hard mineral matter Calcium gives bones strength
Skeletal System
Layers of BoneSpongy Bone
Inside hard outer layer fills ends of bones lines hollow portions
Skeletal System
Layers of BoneRed marrow
inside cavities of spongy bone formation of red blood cells
Skeletal System
Layers of BoneYellow marrow
Located inside hollow portion Fat storage cells Energy storage
Skeletal System
Types of BoneLong Bones
Longest Provide support and
movement Levers
Example -- legs, ribs, pelvic bones
Skeletal System
Types of BoneShort Bones
Smaller than long Joints Comfort and mobility
Example -- feet and hands
Skeletal System
Types of Bone Irregular Bones
Have an irregular shape
Support and protect
Example -- vertebrae
Skeletal System
Types of BoneFlat Bones
Thin and flat Protect organs
Example -- skull
Skeletal System
JointsWhere different bones meet
LigamentsConnect bones together; tough tissue
Skeletal System
JointsClassified by the way they move.
Hinge Joint
Ball and Socket
Gliding
The Skeleton
The skeleton is divided into two parts: The axial skeleton protects the major organs of the
nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems The axial skeleton consists of the skull, hyoid
bones, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum The appendicular skeleton is the framework that
consists of the extremities, shoulder, and pelvic girdle
Appen means to add or hang The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of
the front and hind limbs
The Axial Skeleton The cranium is the portion of the skull that
encloses the brain
The Axial Skeleton The vertebral
column supports the head and body and provides protection for the spinal cord
The vertebral column is comprised of individual bones called vertebra
The Appendicular Skeleton
Front limb scapula clavicle humerus radius ulna carpal bones metacarpal bones
cannon bone in livestock phalanges
The Appendicular Skeleton
Hind limb pelvis femur patella tibia fibula tarsal bones metatarsal bones
cannon bone in livestock phalanges
Circulatory System
Function Transports
Water Oxygen Wastes
Regulates temperatureRemoves disease
Circulatory System
HeartCenter of the circulatory
systemLarge musclePumps continuously
Circulatory System
Blood VesselsArteries
Vessels that take blood away from the heart
Veins Vessels that return blood
to the heart
Circulatory System
Capillaries Connect arteries and veinsDeliver nutrients to the cells Take away waste
Circulatory System
Red Blood cellsGive blood colorCarry oxygen
White Blood cellsDestroy diseasePus
Circulatory System Four Chambers
Right Atrium Receives blood into heart from body,
from veins
Right Ventricle Pumps blood out to the lungs
Left Atrium Receives blood into heart from lungs
Left Ventricle Pumps blood out into body via arteries
Veins
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Lungs
Left Atrium
LeftVentricle
Arteries
Respiratory System
Function:Takes oxygen from the air Places it in the bloodstream Removes carbon dioxide
Respiratory System
StructuresNostrils
Large amounts of airNasal ChamberMouth
Brings in air
Respiratory System
StructuresPharynx
Passageway forFoodWaterAirControlled by epiglottis
Respiratory System
LarynxVoice box (Adam’s apple)Prevents material from entering
lungs. Trachea
Large tube Made of rigid cartilaginous rings
Respiratory System
BronchiBranch out
further Lungs
Gas exchange
Respiratory System
AlveoliSurrounded by
blood vesselsCarbon dioxide is
removed from bloodOxygen is absorbed
into blood
Respiratory System
DiaphragmLarge muscle under the lungsWhen contracted, rib cage expands
and air comes inWhen the diaphragm relaxes, air is
forced out