Post on 09-Feb-2017
transcript
“Biogas Based Chain Business: A Road to Sustainable Rural
Development”
Presenting Author-
Md. Amimul EhsanDept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology
1ICDRET'2016 || PID-49
4th International Conference on The Development of Renewable Energy Technology
Co-Authors
ICDRET'2016 || PID-49 2
C. K. DasDept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology
Mahadi HasanDept. of Biomedical Science
City University of Hong Kong
Outline • Literature
• Rural Life Scenario
• Biogas Business Concept
• Cyclic Cash Flow
• Sustainable Development
• Energy demand of a standard home
• Design considerations
• Economics
• Key benefits & summary
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Literature
“…A newly developed mobile biogas storage container, the biogas backpack, now facilitates the transport of biogas and thus its sale. This provides the opportunity to produce biogas in one central, technically more advanced biogas plant rather than in many individual small-scale, low productive digesters….”
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Rural Life Scenario
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Trends
-Backyard farming: cattle and poultry
-Poultry business
-Daily household organic waste
-Cooking: Wood
-Household lighting: Kerosene burner
Challenges
- Waste management
- Kitchen environment and women’s health
- Global warming
- Child education
Biogas Business Concept
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Biogas
Fertilizer
Cow &
Poultry Farm
Household
Cow &
Poultry
Waste
Collection
Biogas
PlantBusiness
Residential
Electricity
Cooking
Gas
Agriculture
Fishing
Organic
Waste
Cow &
Poultry
Waste
(chain… social business)
Cyclic Cash Flow
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Cooking Gas
Electricity
Fertilizer
House Hold
Farm Owner
Waste
Biogas Plant
Money Flow
Chain
Sustainable Development
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Clean Environment
Fertilizer
Agriculture
Kerosene Cost
Saving
ElectricityChildren’s
Education
Increased
Production
Fishing
Cooking
Gas
Cooking Wood
Cost Saving
Female Health
Waste
Selling
Extra Financial
Support
Waste
Management
Sustainable
Rural
Development
Energy demand of a standard home
…Survey in rural Chittagong (Unosottur Para, Raozan)-
• Cooking wood cost is 800-1,000 BDT/month (≈10~13 USD)
• Kerosene cost per month is 400-600 BDT (≈5~8 USD)
Therefore, every family saves an amount of 1,200-1,600 BDT (≈15~21 USD) per month only from cooking and lighting sectors
• 2.5 hour (Hr) cooking with a two-burner stove requires 2 m3 biogas
• 6 m3 biogas is necessary per day for both cooking and electricity
• 1.4 kWh electricity generation entails 1 m3 biogas
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Energy demand of a standard home (contd.)
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Time in Hr
23.7 kW
148.5
kW 135.4
kW
58.25 kW
10
kW
Load
in
kW
6am 8am 10am 12pm 2pm 4pm 6pm 8pm 10pm 12am 2am 4am 6am
LoadRating
(Watt)Number
Total Power
(Watt)
Energy
Saving Bulb15 2 30
Energy
Saving Bulb25 2 50
Energy
Saving Bulb12 2 24
Ceiling Fan 75 3 225
Color TV 100 1 100
Refrigerator 150 1 150
Computer 80~90 1 90
Total 669
Design considerations• Total no. of family: 500 (…some smallfood shops in local market)
• Local market (vegetable, fruit etc.)
• Total cooking gas demand is 1,032 m3
• Electricity requirement is 1,450 kWh (requires 1,040 m3 biogas)
• Total biogas requirement is 2072 m3 per day
• Total daily waste requirements are 1,200 kg organic waste, 14,500 kg cow dung and 20,250 kg chicken manure.
• Total 485 cows and 40,500 chickens are needed to produce stated amount of waste.
**Plant authority is responsible for collecting waste in daily basis or in a particular interval
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Design considerations (contd.)
• Electricity price: 5 BDT (≈0.06 USD) per kWh
• Cooking gas charge: 300 BDT (≈4 USD) /month/family
• Organic waste: 3 BDT/kg (≈0.04 USD)
• Fresh cow dung: 1 BDT/kg (≈0.013 USD)
• Chicken manure: 2 BDT/kg (≈0.03 USD)
• 6 generators (1.2 kW, 5 kW, 10 kW, 20 kW, 40 kW & 76 kW)
• Purifier before generator is mandatory
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Digester design
13
IDCOL Standards
Inlet
Mixer
Inlet pipe
Digester
Hydraulic chamber
h1
H
Vgs
Vf
Vs
Vc
Vi Di
Hi
θ
VH
DH
h HH
Slurry pit
DSSH
ss
Wss
Ledger:
Vi ; Vc ; Vgs ; Vf ; Vs ; VH = Volume of inlet;
gas collecting chamber; gas storage
chamber; fermentation chamber; sludge
layer; hydraulic chamber
Di ; DH ; Dss = Diameter of inlet; hydraulic
chamber; slurry pit
Hi = Clearance between lower level of both
inlet and stone settle pit; H = Height
between lower level of gas storage chamber
and sludge layer; h1 = Height of the
hydraulic chamber from digester manure
level; h = Height of the hydraulic chamber
to lower level of gas storage chamber; HH =
Height of the hydraulic chamber; Hss =
Height of the slurry pit
Wss = Width of the slurry pit
θ = Inclined angle of inlet pipe
=6.6m
127.6 m3
2.55 m3
=1.75m Inlet
2.55 m3
Digester Outlet
=3.51m
=10.28m
485 m3
Inlet
9.7 m3
9.7 m3
Digester Outlet
=3.59m
=10.42m
506.25 m3
10.125 m3
Inlet
10.125 m3
Digester Outlet
Fig. 6. Digester design for (a) Organic Waste; (b) 485 Cows; (c) 40,500 Chickens
Economics
• Lifetime: 20 years
• Total installation cost: 1.95 crore BDT (≈0.253 million USD) [plant construction cost (digester, inlet and hydraulic chamber), pipeline and purifier cost, electricity generation, transmission and protection cost]
• Repairing and overhauling (top and major overhauling) costs of generators: 52
lac BDT (≈0.67 million USD)
- Top overhauling: 15% of generator cost (after 10,000 hours of operation)
- Major overhauling: 50% of generator cost (after further 10,000 hours of operation)
• Waste cost for 20 years of operation is about 43 crore BDT (≈5.6 million USD)
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Economics (contd.)
• 262,500 ton slurry output in 20 years & processing cost is 26 crore BDT
(≈3.37 million USD).
• To operate the plant effectively some personnel are mandatory in permanent basis and time to time temporary labors are too requisite.
- Total waging cost for plant operation and maintenance is calculated 134,000
BDT (≈1750 USD) per month and so 3.2 crore BDT (≈0.415 million USD) for 20 years
Total Life cycle plant cost: 75 crore BDT (≈9.73 million USD)
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Economics (contd.)
• Income of plant authority (LC):
- Total electric bill: 6 crore BDT (≈0.778 million USD) including service charge
- Cooking gas bill: 3.72 crore BDT (≈0.48 million USD)
- Fertilizer selling outcome: 110 crore BDT (≈14.3 million USD) [3 & 5 BDT/kg (≈0.04 & 0.06 USD) for fresh slurry and bio-fertilizer respectively]
Net LC income (plant): 120 crore BDT (≈15.56 million USD)
….seems profitable
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Economics (contd.)
Waste selling income of each individual-
Household individuals: 10,000 BDT (≈130 USD) per annum
Small scale poultry farm: 60,000 BDT/month (≈780 USD)
Large scale poultry farm: 300,000 BDT/month (≈3900 USD)
Small scale cow farm: 9,000 BDT/month (≈117 USD)
Large scale cow farm: 90,000 BDT/month (≈1170 USD)
Food hotel: 1,800 BDT/month (≈24 USD)
Local market: 9,000 BDT/month (≈17 USD)
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Key benefits other than economics• Proper waste management
• Environmental safety
• Healthy cooking
• Child education prospect
• …& more to discover
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Future prospects
• Detailed techno-economic analysis for a certain region
• Mathematical model development
• Proto type …or pilot project implementation (!!!Fund!!!)
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Summery
Social business
Bidirectional cash flow
Environmental safety
Sustainable development
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Thank You!
Md. Amimul Ehsan
Final year undergrad student
Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology (CUET)
amimul66@gmail.com