By: Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua,

NY

*Immigration info. added by Mr. Swearngin

By: Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua,

NY

*Immigration info. added by Mr. Swearngin

Characteristics of Urbanization

During the Gilded Age1. Megalopolis.2. Mass Transit.3. Magnet for economic and social

opportunities.4. Pronounced class distinctions.

- Inner & outer core5. New frontier of opportunity for

women.6. Squalid living conditions for many.7. Political machines.8. Ethnic neighborhoods.

NewArchitectural

Style

NewUse ofSpace

NewClass

Diversity

New Energy

New Culture(“Melting Pot”)

New Form ofClassic “RuggedIndividualism”

New Levels of Crime,

Violence, & Corruption

Make a NewStart

NewSymbols ofChange &Progress

The City as a New “Frontier?”

Louis Sullivan 1856 – 1924

The ChicagoSchool ofArchitecture

Form followsfunction!

Louis Sullivan: Carson, Pirie, Scott

Dept. Store, Chicago, 1899

D. H. Burnham: Marshall Fields Dept.

Store, 1902

Frank Lloyd Wright 1869 – 1959

“Prairie House”School of Architecture

“OrganicArchitecture”

Function follows form!

Frank Lloyd Wright:“Falling Waters”, 1936

Frank Lloyd Wright:Guggenheim Museum, NYC -

1959

New York City Architectural Style:1870s-1910s

1. The style was less innovative thanin Chicago.

2. NYC was the source of the capital for Chicago.

3. Most major business firms had their headquarters in NYC their bldgs. became “logos” for their companies.

4. NYC buildings and skyscrapers were taller than in Chicago.

Woolworth

Bldg.

NYC - 1911

FlatironBuilding

NYC – 1902

D. H. Burnha

m

Statue of Liberty, 1876(Frederic Auguste Bartholdi)

Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900

Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900

• Population of Americans living in cities grew from 10 million in 1870 to 54 million in 1920

• Half of all Missourians lived in cities by 1920

• St. Louis was one of the largest cities in the country with over a ½ million residents

• U.S. Population prediction for 2020…

334 Million!

“Dumbell “ Tenement

“Dumbell “ Tenement, NYC

Jacob Riis:

How the

Other Half Lived(1890)

Tenement Slum Living

Lodgers Huddled Together

Tenement Slum Living

The New Immigrants• 2/3 of immigrants in 1880s came from Germany, England, Ireland, and Scandinavia• Between 1900 and 1909, 2/3 came from Italy, Austria-Hungary, & Russia• By 1910, many came from Mexico, Japan, and Caribbean nations

The New Immigrants

• Immigrants settled in ethnic neighborhoods

• Many became more diverse over time

• African- and Asian-Americans often forced into segregated neighborhoods, however

Pell St. - Chinatown, NYC

Hester Street – Jewish Section

The “Melting Pot” or the “Salad Bowl?”

• Immigrants usually identified with a village or county in home country…

• Now labeled as “Italian” or “Russian”

• America basically Protestant Christian before 1870

• Now a nation of Protestants, Catholics, Orthodox Christians, Jews, Buddhists, and Muslims

• Immigrants held onto traditions, but adapted to America

• Chinese cooks invented “chop suey” to use local ingredients

• American folk music integrated into immigrants’ traditions

• People mixed new (going to doctors) with old (carrying amulets to ward off evil spirits).

St. Patrick’s

Cathedral

1900Rosh

Hashanah

GreetingCard

Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”