Post on 08-Jan-2017
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Carbon sequestra-on poten-al of agroforestry in Africa. Perspec-ves for INDCs
CheikhMbow
Implementing INDCs in data and tool scarce countries: Steps to success in Africa
14.00 – 15.30 Salle 1 Hosted by: World Agroforestry Center (Africa Pavilion)
Agriculture and other land use in INDC mitigation targets and actions
Agriculture in INDC adaptation priorities and strategies
Meryl et al., 2015
By 2050, we need to… Ø Produce 60% more food on ~ the same amount of
land
Ø Reduce GHG emissions from land use Ø Improve yields mostly warmer regions Ø Reduce water shortage
Ø Reduce Land degradation Ø Alleviate poor land management mostly in
vulnerable communities in Africa. !
Links of INDCs with AFOLU/trees
• Agriculture• Agroforestry• Landuse• LandDegrada4on• REDD+• Forestry• Treecover• Bio-energy• LinkstoBiodiversity• Linkstonutri4on
TypologyofAF Keyelements ExamplesAFprac=ces
Ecological Geographicalloca4on(AFsystemadaptabilitytopar4cularecologies)
Lowlandhumidorsub-humidtropicsAF
Physiognomy ParklandMosaicMul4storiedhome-garden
Faidherbia,SheabuJerparksinWestAfricaLongtermfallows
Composi=onal/structural
Simultaneousorsequen4alcombina4onofTrees,crop,animal
Treesinpastureandrangelands(silvopastoral)andagriculture(agrosilvopastoral)
Prac=ces(systems) Managementsystems,livelihood Hedgerows,longtermfallows,alleycropping,improvedfallow,alleycropping,mul4layertreecropping,woodlots
Func=onal Erosioncontrol,soilfer4lity Windbreaks,shelterbelts,erosioncontrol/soilconserva4on,scaJerednitrogenfixingtrees,boundaryplan4ng
Socioeconomic Scaleofproduc4onandleveloftechnology,inputandmanagement(Commercial,subsistenceAF)
Lowinput,highinputagroforestry
WhatisAgroforestry?
Mbowetal2014,COSUST
Mbowetal.,2012,GLPReportseries(REDD=challengesandprospectsforAfrica)
Non“Forest”Ecosystems
Addressingdeforesta=on
Brinketal2009
Synergies and tradeoffs bewteen mi-ga-on and adapta-on to CC
trad
eoffsm
iLga
Lon-ad
aptaLo
n
Mi=ga=on Adapta=on
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[Income]
[Asset]
[Asset]
[Asset-Income]
[Asset-Income]
[Asset-Income]
Livelihood
+++:veryhighposi7veimpact;++:highposi7veimpact;+:limitedposi7veimpact;-:zeroposi7veorpoten7alnega7veimpact
Mbowetal,2014-COSUST
Poten-al C stock and C sequestra-on of some AFS in Africa
Legend Descrip=on(source)
Csequestra=on(MgC/ha/yr)
[range]
Cstock(MgC/ha)[range]
Maxrota=onperiod(yr)
aParklandsdominateAFS(Faidherbiaalbida)
0.5[0.2-0.8] 33.4[5.7-70.8] 50
b Rota4onalwoodlots 3.9[2.2-5.8] 18.5[11.6-25.5] 5
cTreeplan4ng-windrows-homegardens
0.6[0.4-0.8] 19.0[ns] 25
dLongtermfallows,regrowthofwoodlandsinabandonedfarms
2.24[0.22-5.8] 15.7[ns] 25
e AFSandintegratedlanduse 3.12[1.0-6.7] 77.9[12-228] 50f SoilCinAFS 0.9[0.25-1.6] 90.7[13-300] ns
Characteris=csoftheissue
Triggersforchangeandtransi=ons
Landdegrada=onissues
Humaninfluence
Water/winderosion
SoilferLlitydeclineDegradaLonofsoil-physicalproperLesSalinizaLon
Forest/treesloss
Climatevariability/ChangeSoildegradaLon
VegetaLondegradaLon
BiodiversitydegradaLon
Waterresourcesloss
Changeinlocalclimate
Landconversion
InappropriatefarmlandsmanagementPoormanagementofnaturalvegetaLon
Landusechange
Overgrazing,
BushfiresDemography,
Mbow, C., M. Brandt, I. Ouedraogo, J. d. Leeuw and M. Marshall (2015). "What Four Decades of Earth Observation Tell Us about Land Degradation in the Sahel?" Remote Sensing 7: 4048-4067.
Drivers: each of the drivers is associated to feedbacks • Shi_ingcul4va4on
• Highdemandforwoodenergy• Illegalcuangandfarming• Bushfires• Overgrazing• Planta4on/monoculture• Cashenterprises• Immigra4on• Aridityinpushingzones• Landtenureinpullingzones• Deforesta4onandforestdegrada4on• Fooddemand• Industry• Market• Urbaniza4on• Educa4on• Health• Housing• Transportandcommunica4on
1. Popula4ongrowth(***)2. Farmingprac4ces(*)3. Soilfer4lity(**)4. Livelihoodcost(**)5. Rainfall(*)6. Landtenure(***)7. Cropprices(*)8. Agri-businessac4vi4es(**)9. Incomegenera4on(**)
Way forward
• (1)harmonize4me-seriesdata(fielddata,satelliteproducts),• (2)promoteknowledgenetworks(na4onalandregional),• (3)improvedata-access(forkeysectorsatelast),• (4)filldatagaps(usepartoftheinvestmenttogenerateaccuratedataforMRVs),
• (5)agreeonscalesandassump4ons(projectsareindifferentscalesandindicatorschangedependingtoscales),
• (6)setupadensernetworkoflong-termfield-surveys(Learnfrompreviouslessons)
• (7)considerlocalpercep4onsandsocialdynamics(co-development)