Comp.physio. practical exam

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COURSE ( 257 )

GROUP A

(1) Choose the correct answer

The best technique for blood sampling in fish is ;

A . Heart puncture.B. Cutting the fish tail ( caudal peduncle )C. Caudal vein peduncle

(2 ) Complete the following sentence

• Samples used for bacterial or protozoal count

must be collected 4-8 hour post – feeding ,while those for fungal zoospores count

be collected just after feeding

Heart rate in domestic fowl = 290-350 beat/min

While blood pressure = 190/150 mmHg

(3) Complete the following ;

(4) Name:polyplastron multivesiculatumPhysiological role:cellulolytic

,hemicellulolytic ,proteolytic&engulf bacteria

(5) Blood film of avian blood denotethrombocyte , red blood cell

(6) Blood film of fish showing lymphocyte

(7) Complete the followingsentence

• Ruminal short chain volatile fatty acids(VFAs) are acetic , propionic ,and butyricwhile branched chain VFAs are valeric ,isovaleric and isobutyric

(8) Name:gill filament or gill racker

Physiological role:gas exchange , sieving feedparticles or osmoregulation

(9) Name: bacteroid succinogensPhysiological role: cellulolytic , amylolytic

(10) Name: fish testisPhysiological role: sperm production

(11) Blood film of avian blooddenote heterophil , red blood cells

• The best stain for differential leukocytescount in teleost fish is ;

A. Leishman’s stainB. May – Grunwald’s stainC. Giemsa stain

(13) Mention the mainglucocorticoids in birdscorticosterone

(14 )Mention the main twofunctions of syrinx.1-sound production2-prevent collapse

( 15 ) Complete thefollowing ,

This model indicates :1-On first inhalation, air flowsthrough the trachea & bronchi& primarily into the posterior(rear) air sacs.

2-On exhalation, air movesfrom the posterior air sacs &into the lungs

(16) Name: zoosporesPhysiological role: cellulolytic &

hemicellulolytic

• Total volatile fatty acids concentration(VFAs) is determined using microkjeldahlapparatus,in which ,the amount of distilled VFAs istitrated against NaoH N/100 in the presenceof an indicator called phenolphethalene

(18) Name: accessory lungPhysiological role: Respiration outside

water Inflate swim bladder, bouyancy

• (19) What is the main function ofRecurrent bronchi

• Connect to proximal air sac• Through which air pass in retrograde

flow To ventilate the lung

(20) Blood film of avian blood , denote heterophil andred blood cell

• The main site of fish thrombocytesdevelopment is spleen while the mainhemopoetic organ in fish is anterior kidney

(22) Blood film of avian blood denotemonocyte & red blood cell

(23)Name : microkjeldahl apparatus___ Use : measuring total volatile fatty acid conc.

• About 40 – 60 % of blood glucose in ruminants issynthesized from propionic acid , while their

essential amino acid requirement ; if not suppliedin diet , is satisfied from microbial protein

GROUP B

(1) Name: TestesPhysiological role: Sperm production

(2) Name: ZoosporesPhysiological role: Cellulolytic , hemicellulolytic

(3) Complete the following text

• The main osmoregulatory structures in bonyfish are ;

• A . Gills• B . kidney• C . skin

(4) Blood film of Avian blood , denote Heterophil and red blood cell

(5) Name: Accessory lungPhysiological role: Respiration outside water,Inflate swim bladder, bouyancy

(6) Complete the followingsentences

• Birds thyroid glands;A . Location At bifurcation of common carotid and subclavian artery or

on both sides of trachea in the thoracic inlet

B . Hormone binding protein Prealbumin, albumin

• C . ( t ½ ) of birds thyroid hormones( T3 & T4 ) are 3-9 hours , 7.5 hours

(7)Blood film of Fish showing Monocyte, and red blood cells

• Fermentative digestion need;

A. Ruminal microflora

B. Optimum PH or ammonia concentration

Mention the name of the thyroid hormonesbinding protein in birds.Prealbumin & albumin

(10) Name: Fish intestinePhysiological role: Absorption of water, feed substrates

(11) Name: Polyplastron Multivesiculatum

Physiological role:Cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic,_ proteolytic, engulf bacteria

This model indicates :1-On first inhalation, air flowsthrough the trachea & bronchi &primarily into the posterior(rear) air sacs.2-On exhalation, air moves fromthe posterior air sacs & into thelungs

(13) Name: Microkjeldahl apparatusPhysiological role: measuring Total volatile fatty acids

(14) Blood film of Avian blood , denotethrombocyte , and red blood cell

(15)Mention two mainfunctions onlyAir sacsaerates bones, thuslighten birds during flightventilate the lungs

(16) Blood film of Avian blood denoteEosinophil & red blood cell

( 17 )What are the main functions of ;

I - Oral sac : stores food, display organ duringbreeding

II - Crop : crop milk, stores food

(18) Name: Bacteroid succinogensPhysiological role: Cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic,

amylolytic

• Ruminal PH is estimated using PH meter ;and the normal ruminal PH required formaximal ruminal activity is 6-8

(20) Blood film of Fish showing lymphocyte

• About 40 – 60 % of blood glucose in ruminants

is synthesized from Propionic acid, while their

essential amino acid requirement ; if not

supplied in diet , is satisfied from Microbialprotein

(22) Name:oesophagus

( 23 ) Name: Selenomonas ruminatiumPhysiological role: Cellulolytic, little

proteolytic

( 24 ) Mention the Post OvulatoryFollicle FunctionsSecretes progesterone and prostaglandinswhich affect ovipositionImportant for nesting behaviorIts excision, delay oviposition andabnormal laying time

GROUP C

• The end products of ruminalfermentation are;

• A. Volatile fatty acids

• B. Microbial protein

• C. gases

(2) Name: Gill racker or gill filamentsPhysiological role: Sieving feed particles

_ or gas exchange or osmoregulation

• The microorganisms inhabiting ruminal

digestive tract are Protozoa, bacteria and fungi theirmain roles in ruminant digestion are Microbialprotein synthesis, production of volatile fatty acids as asource of energy and glucose and maintaining optimalruminal conditions

(4) Blood film of Avian blood denoteeosinophil & red blood cell

(5) Name: accessory lungPhysiological role: Respiration outside water

_ Inflate swim bladder to enable bouyancy

(6) Name: Selenomonas ruminantium

Physiological role: Cellulolytic, little proteolytic

(7) Complete the followingsentences

• Birds thyroid glands;A . Location At biforcation of common carotid and

subclavian artery or on both sides of trachea in thethoracic inlet

B . Hormone binding protein Prealbumin andalbumin

• C . ( t ½ ) of birds thyroid hormones( T3 & T4 ) are 3-9 hours , 7.5 hours

The best technique for blood sampling in fish is ;

( 9 )Blood film of Avian blood , denote heterophil and red bloodcell

• The main site of fish thrombocytesdevelopment is spleen while the mainhemopoetic organ in fish is Kidney

This model indicates;1-With the secondinhalation, air movesfrom the lungs & intothe anterior (front) airsacs2-With the secondexhalation, air movesfrom the anterior airsacs back into thetrachea & out.

• Ruminal PH is estimated using PH meter ;and the normal ruminal PH required formaximal ruminal activity is 6-8

(13)Mention the main twofunctions of syrinx.1- Sound production2- Acts as a valve toprevent the collapse of thegas exchange tissueduring expiration

(14) Blood film of Avian blood denoteHeterophil & red blood cell

(16 ) Name: Fish ovaryPhysiological role: Ova production

( 17 ) Name: ZoosporesPhysiological role:Cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic,

_ pectinolytic, amylolytic

Mention the main glucocortecoids inbirdsCorticosterone

(19) Blood film of fish showing monocyte, andred blood cells

(20) Blood film of Avian blooddenote monocyte & red blood cell

( 21 ) Why are bird feceswhite?Due to presence of uric acid(urates)

(22) Name: Polyplastron multivesiculatum

Physiological role: Cellulolytic, amylolytic,_ proteolytic, engulf bacteria

(23 ) Mention the Post OvulatoryFollicle Functions ?Secretes progesterone and prostaglandins andthus affect ovipositionEssential for nesting behaviorIts excition delays laying and oviposition

(24) Name: StomachPhysiological role:

_ Digestion of feed

GROUP D

( 1 )What are the main functions of ;

I - Oral sac : stores food, display organ duringbreeding

II - Crop : crop milk and stores feed

• Total volatile fatty acids concentration(VFAs) is determined using Microkjeldahlapparatus, in which ,the amount of distilledVFAs is titrated against NaoH N/100 in thepresence of an indicator calledphenolphethalene

(3) Blood film of Avian blooddenote heterophil & red bloodcell

• Capacity of ruminant stomach;

A. In sheep is 5 litresB. In large ruminant is 150-250 litres

(5) Blood film of Avian blooddenote Esinophil , red blood cell

• Ruminal total volatile fatty acids concentrationis affected by;

• A. Diet type: more concentrates increase TVFAs, Diettreatment

• B. Salivary secretion• C. Ruminal epithelium volatile fatty acid metabolism

• The main osmoregulatory organs in bony fishare ;

• A. Gills• B. Kidney• C. skin

( 9 ) What is Clutch Size?Clutch size is the number of eggs laid in asingle nesting(The number of eggs in a setlaid by a female bird tends to vary) .youngbirds have few eggs withen the clutch,while in older birds the clutch size islarger.

(10)Name: Accessory lungPhysiological role:Enable fish to respire atmospheric air

_ Inflate swim bladder for fish bouyancy

(11)Mention two mainfunctions only1- Air sacs aeratesbone thus lightenbirds during flying

2- Ventilate lungs

(12)Name : Microkjeldahl apparatusUse : Total volatile fatty acid estimation

( 13 ) Complete the following ,

This model indicates,

1- With the second inhalation,air moves from the lungs &into the anterior (front) airsacs2- With the second exhalation,air moves from the anterior airsacs back into the trachea &out.

• The best stain for differential leukocytescount in teleost fish is ;

Heart rate in domestic fowl = 290-350 beat/min

While blood pressure = 190/150 or 160/140 mmHg

(16 ) Name: Fish ovaryPhysiological role: Ova production

(17) Name: Selenomonas ruminintiumPhysiological role: Cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic,

_ little proteolytic

(18) Blood film of Avian blooddenote Monocyte & red blood cell

(19) Name: Gill filaments or gill rackerPhysiological role: Gas exchange or sieve feed particles

(20)Mention the main two functions1- Sound production2- Act as a valve to prevent thecollapse of the gas exchangetissue during expiration

(21) Blood film of Fish showing lymphocyte &red blood cell

(22) Name: Polyplastron multivesiculatumPhysiological role: Cellulolytic,amylolytic,

_ proteolytic, engulf bacteria

(23) Name: stomachPhysiological role:

digestion of food

(24) Name: Bacteroid succinogensPhysiological role: Cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic,

_ amylolytic

COURSE ( 257 )

GROUP E

(1) Blood film of Avian blood denotethrombocyte , red blood cell

Heart rate in domestic fowl = 290 – 350 beat/min

While blood pressure = 190/150 mmHg

(3) Blood film of Avian blooddenote Esinophil , red blood cell

(4) Mention the main glucocorticoidsin birds

corticosterone

(5 )Mention the main two functionsSyrinx :1- sound production2- act as a vulve to prevent thecollapse of gas exchange tissueduring expiration

(6) Blood film of Avian blood , denote heterophiland red blood cell

• (7) What is the main function ofRecurrent bronchi ?

• 1- connect to proximal air sac• 2- through which air pass in retrograde flow

to ventilate lung

(8) Blood film of Avian blood denotemonocyte & red blood cell

(9) Name : microkjeldahl apparatusUse : total volatile fatty acid estimation

• About 40 – 60 % of blood glucose inruminants is synthesized from propionic acid,while their essential amino acidrequirement ; if not supplied in diet , issatisfied from microbial protein

• Total volatile fatty acids concentration(VFAs) is determined using microkjeldahlapparatus,in which ,the amount of distilled VFAsis titrated against NaoH N/100 in thepresence of an indicator calledphenolphethalene

(12) Name: zoosporesPhysiological role: cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic,

_ pectinolytic & amylolytic

(13) Name: bacteriod succinogensPhysiological role: cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic

_ & amylolytic

• Ruminal short chain volatile fattyacids (VFAs) are acetic , propionicand butyric while branched chainVFAs are valeric , isovaleric andisobutyric

(15 ) Complete the followingsentence

• Samples used for bacterial or protozoal countmust be collected 4-8 hour post – feeding ,

while those for fungal zoospores countbe collected just after feeding

• Ruminal PH is estimated using PH meter

and the normal ruminal PH requiredformaximal ruminal activity is 6-8

(17) Choose the correctanswer

The best technique for blood sampling infish is ;

(18) Blood film of fish showing lymphocyte& red blood cell

(19) Name: gill filament or gill rackerPhysiological role: gas exchange ,sieving feed particles

_ & osmoregulation

(20) Name: fish testisPhysiological role: sperm production

(21) Choose the correctanswer

• The best stain for differentialleukocytes count in teleost fish is ;

(22) Name: accessory lungPhysiological role: respiration outside

_water & inflate swim bladder to enable bouyancy

• The main site of fish thrombocytesdevelopment is spleen while the mainhemopoetic organ in fish is anterior

kideny

(24) Blood film of fish showing monocyte, andred blood cell

GROUP G

(1) Name: bacteriod succinogensPhysiological role: cellulolytic ,hemicellulolytic

_ & amylolytic

(2) Complete the followingtext

• Fermentative digestion need;

A. Ruminal microflora

B. Optimum PH or amonia concentration

(3) Name: zoosporesPhysiological role:cellulolytic ,hemicellulolytic

_ ,pectinolytic & amylolytic

• Ruminal PH is estimated using PH meterand the normal ruminal PH requiredfor maximal ruminal activity is 6-8

• About 40 – 60 % of blood glucose in

ruminants is synthesized from propionic acid,while their essential amino acidrequirement ; if not supplied in diet , issatisfied from microbial protein

• Total volatile fatty acids concentration(VFAs) is determined using microkjeldahlapparatus,in which ,the amount of distilled VFAsis titrated against NaoH N/100 in thepresence of an indicator calledphenolphethaline

• Ruminal short chain volatile fattyacids (VFAs) are acetic , propionic andbutyric while branched chain VFAsare valeric , isovaleric ,and isobutyric

(8) Name: selenomonas ruminatiumPhysiological role: cellulolytic ,hemicellulolytic

_ & little proteolytic

Mention the name of the thyroid hormonesbinding protein in birds.

Prealbumin & albumin

( 10) Complete the following ,

This model indicates :1-on first inhalation ,air flowsthrough trachea ,bronchi &primarily into the posterior (rear) airsacs

2-on first exhalation air moves fromthe posterior air sacs & go into thelung

(11) Blood film of Avian blooddenote Esinophil & red blood cell

(12)Mention two mainfunctions onlyAir sacs :1-aerates bones , thuslighten birds duringflight2-ventilate the lung

(13) Blood film of Avian blood , denotethrombocyte , and red blood cell

(14 ) Mention the PostOvulatory Follicle Functions1- secrets progesterone &prostaglandins which affectoviposition2- important for nesting behaviour3- in excition delays laying &oviposition

(15) Blood film of Avian blooddenote monocyte & red blood cell

(16) Blood film of Avian blooddenote heterophil & red blood cell

(17) Name: gill filament or gill rackerPhysiological role: gas exchange ,sieving feed particles

_ & osmoregulation

(18) Blood film of Avian showing monocyte, andred blood cell

(19) Name: accessory lungPhysiological role: respiration outside water

_ ,inflate swim bladder to enable bouyany

(20) Complete the followingtext

• The main osmoregulatory structures inbony fish are ;

• A . gills• B . kideny• C . skin

(24) Name: gill filament or gill rackerPhysiological role : gas exchange ,sieving of feed particles _

_ & osmoregulation

• The main site of fish thrombocytesdevelopment is spleen while the mainhemopoetic organ in fish is anterior

kidney

(23 ) Name: fish ovaryPhysiological role: ova production

(24) Blood film of fish showing lymphocyte

Comp.physio. practical exam

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