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EURASIAN WATER CONFERENCE3rd ASEM Seminar on Urban water management
Urban solutions for global challenges13-14 September 2018 Budapest
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Managed Aquifer Recharge
Challange and OpportunityJ.P. Lobo Ferreira and Teresa Leitão (LNEC), PortugalJ. P. Monteiro (UniAlg) and Tiago Carvalho (TARH), PortugalChristoph Schüth (TUD), Germany and Enrique F. Escalante (TRAGSA), Spain E. Filippi, V. Marsala (SGI), M. Ferri (AAWA) and Rudy Rossetto (SSSA UP), Italy
Managed Aquifer Recharge refers to different recharge techniques that allowsreclaimed water to penetrate into the ground:
- percolating through unsaturated soil (surface groundwater recharge),
- or from below the ground, by injection or recharge wells (subsurface groundwater recharge).
The advantage is that reclaimed water such as treated blackwater, graywater orstormwater is not just discharged into surface waters, but reused as water for irrigationin agriculture or to intentionally recharge groundwater aquifers via MAR.
PORTO WATER INNOVATION WEEK 201724 to 30 SEPTEMBER PORTO, PORTUGAL
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Managed Aquifer Recharge - Principles
Australian guidelines for Water recycling, 24: Managed Aquifer Recharge (2009)
Precipitation natural variation in
Mediterranean countries: the example of
Portugal
Percentage of water reuse
Average yearly recharge:
245 mm/yr
83,4 % Rec 1979-2009
Model HadRM2S92a
Average surface runoff:
100 mm/yr
87,6 % SR 1979-2009
Climate change impact
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> Groundwater levels change due to groundwater recharge decrease
> Consequences of aquifer behaviour change:⚫ Modifications in groundwater recharges amounts
and periods
⚫ Modification in groundwater flow directions
⚫ Modification in the amount of groundwater reaching GW dependent ecosystems
⚫ Modification on the behaviour of GW dependant ecosystems (eventually at risk)
Climate change impacts on the behaviour of aquifers and consequently on Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems
1) Groundwater levels today
2) Groundwater levels change between
today's values and those of 2050
3) Groundwater level in 2050
EDA
S
EDA
S
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MARSOLDemonstrating Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Solution to Water Scarcity and Drought (FP7-Env-2013-Water-Inno-Demo)
Start: 12.2013 Duration: 3 years EU Contribution: 5.2 Mio €
The main objective of MARSOL is. With this, MARSOL aims to stimulate the use of
reclaimed water and other alternative water sources in MAR and to optimize WRM throughstorage of excess water to be recovered in times of shortage or by influencing gradients.
Australian guidelines for Water recycling, 24: Managed AquiferRecharge (2009)
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MARSOL Demonstration sites activities……treated waste water, river water, desalinated water,rainwater harvesting …
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DEL 13.1 MAR TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS
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“Technical Solutions” (T.S) are not related to Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)technique as if it was the problem to solve. They are, to a large extent, the group ofactivities to increase MAR effectiveness, being MAR the solution to many relatedwater management dysfunctions.
Q:How to increase the effectiveness of the
devices and the infiltration rate?
A:Adoption of Soil and Aquifer Treatments (SATs) and other
complementary techniques, such as design and
management improvements applicable to existing devices
MARSOL demo sites: Experiences in 8Mediterranean demo sites:
1- Lavrion
2- Algarve & Alentejo
3- Arenales
4- Llobregat
5- Brenta
6- Serchio
7- Menashe
8- Malta South
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WP12 “Modelling"
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314957907_White_book_on_MAR_modelling_Selected_results_from_MARSOL_PROJECT
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Sources for the artificial recharge : Quantity
Dam Hydrological year Depth discharge
(*103 m3)
Surface discharge
(*103 m3)
Total discharge
(*103 m3)
ARADE 2000/2001 37 499.20 19 256.70 56 755.90
Dam Hydrological
year
Depth discharge
(*103 m3)
Surface discharge
(*103 m3)
Total discharge
(*103 m3)
ARADE
1995/96 0 81 255.39 81 255.39
1996/97 0 42 599.62 42 599.62
1997/98 8 556.65 113 762.30 122 318.97
TOTAL (*103 m3) 246 173.98
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During the extreme drought of 2004/2005
Volume of withdrawal
water (*10 6 m 3)
Percentage
Agriculture 23.79 47.31%
Urban supply of the Águas do Algarve
regional system of Algarve
14.25 28.34%
Urban supply of the local
municipalities
12.25 24.36%
Private users Not Available -
Total 50.29 100%
Electrical
Conductivity
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WP4: DEMO SITE 2 - PORTUGAL
12
▪ Experiment goal: assess Cerro do Bardo MAR site infiltration
capacity and groundwater flow path
▪ Recharge experiment: infiltration of 47 L/s (~170 m3/h) of water
in Cerro do Bardo dug well and natural sinkholes during 90
hours (coming from a AdA well located ~1,4 km distance)
▪ Tracer: 1000 kg NaCl
PT2_6 Algarve, Cerro do Bardo
April 2016
This MAR infiltration and tracer test
allowed confirming that the DEMO
Site:
▪ Is an adequate area to infiltrate
water coming from the three
dams, with the surplus from wet
years
▪ The area has a minimum
infiltration capacity of 4060
m3/d (170 m3/h, compared with
35 m3/h in Campina well…, but
it depends on headwater...)
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- SW-FW interface Scenario drought 2004-2005 simulation with diferente
injection scenarios
Evolution of
Seawater intrusion
estimated at
Bottom slice
Evolution of
Seawater intrusion
at cross-section
view
Evolution of
Seawater intrusion
plume at 3D view
Finite element regional fow model of the Querença Silves Aquifer System
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Natural recharge monitoring
Winter time
Estação húmida
Spring time
Estação seca
✓ Electrical resistivity assessment
Artificial recharge experiments
-- LNEC1
May 2007
✓ Continuous monitoring in three piezometers
Curva de chegada do traçador ao piezómetro LNEC1 durante o ensaio realizado em Maio
na Bacia de Carreiros
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Cl (mg/L)
NO3 (mg/L)
Profundidade ao nível - valor observado (m)
Profundidade ao nível - valor registado (m)
Fim do ensaio
11/05 16h:25
Inicio do ensaio
de infiltração
03/05 15h:45
Colocação do
traçador na bacia
08/05 09h:35
Chegada do
traçador
( 29 a 66
horas)
Results from continuous monitoring
(groundwater and surface water) in Rio Seco
artificial recharge basins during winter time
(Out.2007/Mar.2008) Carreiros test siteL1
Traçador
zona
não saturada
zona saturada escoamento subterrâneo →
Bacia sul
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0 10.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Kilometers
±
Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, Earthstar Geographics,CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX,Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP,swisstopo, and the GIS User Community
±
Aerial view of a greenhouse complex and
picture showing it’s actual drainage
system.
The area is flat and is characterised by low
recharge rates. In this conditions drainage
is a serious problems in this area.
Rainwater harvesting (interception of precipitation in greenhouses) in
Campina de Faro, Algarve
www.asemwaterbudapest2018.hu1st MARSOL WP 12 Modelling Workshop
Lisbon, LNEC, July 14th and 15th 2014LNEC | 17
Arenales (DINA-MAR/TRAGSA)DEMO SITE ARENALES, SPAIN (WP 5, TRAGSA)
www.asemwaterbudapest2018.hu1st MARSOL WP 12 Modelling Workshop
Lisbon, LNEC, July 14th and 15th 2014LNEC | 18
DEMO SITE BRENTA, ITALY (WP 7, SGI) & DEMO SITE SERCHIO, ITALY
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Brenta Sites Introduction
WP7: Brenta, Italy
SGI, AAWA, UFZ, ICCS
SCHIAVON Forested Infiltration Area
•Approx. 2 hectares
•Water infiltration rate: 20-50
l/sec/hectare
•Fast growing tree species
•GW level: around -3 m b.g.l.
•Undifferentiated aquifer with
high/medium permeability
The watering of the pilot F.I.A. area takes place generally during non-irrigation periods, using the existing irrigation water conveyance system (ditches, underground pipelines).
“SCHIAVON”
FIA
Brenta
River
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Obrigado !
http://www.marsol.eu/
https://vimeo.com/channels/marsol
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=MARSOL+Demo+sites
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EURASIAN WATER CONFERENCE3rd ASEM Seminar on Urban water management
Urban solutions for global challenges13-14 September 2018 Budapest
www.asemwaterbudapest2018.hu
www.asemwaterbudapest2018.hu23
Update task 4 and Proposal of a shared Strategic
Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA)
www.project-piano.net
PIANO PSC
meeting
Lisbon2 October 2017
J.P. LOBO FERREIRA
Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil
Lisboa, Portugal
In collaboration with
Strengthening China Europe Water Innovation
Cooperation: results from PIANO project
Relevance of PIANO results for future EU/China water
innovation cooperation
www.asemwaterbudapest2018.huCopyright 2013. All Rights Reserved.
Define and delimit your domain, add possible sub-categories.
Send note (ca. ½ page) to DTU.
LNEC 15May
Identify core data sources for TWIs in your domain:
- Provide 6-8 reports/analyses of TWI
- Check EC water innovation project specific databases (e.g. ECOWEB, EUREKA).
- Suggest possible other sources
- Send a note to DTU (full references).
LNEC with ISPRA 5 June
Make a gross list of at least 20 as far as possible TWIs in your domain,
-Describe each TWI according to List Template defined by DTU.
LNEC 5 August
Score the TWI based on Scoring Template provided by DTU LNEC 10 Sept.
Verify and comment on Inventory 1 sent by DTU LNEC 5 Oct
Milestone 5 “Inventory of European technological water innovations” for this domain DTU, EWA (CEWP) 30 Nov
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Potential areas for future cooperation
On water quantity
Models linking groundwater/surface water/transitional waters and coastal waters
a) Flood risk mapping
b) Drought prediction
c) Comprehensive reservoir operation
d) Rain harvesting methodologies
On integrated modelling/monitoring
a) information sharing technologies
b) conflict resolution mechanisms
c) decision support systems
o water quality models
o hydrological models
o monitoring
o modelling
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WP 2: Technological Water Innovations
http://project-piano.net/twis-catalogue-2/
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An untapped potential for water reuse in the EU
❑ Reused wastewater in Europe: 1 billion m³/year in 2006 =
• 2.4% of the total volume of treated effluents (5-12% in Greece, Italy and Spain)
• ~ 0.4% of annual EU freshwater withdrawals
❑ Achievable potential.→ 6 billion m3/year
by 2025
❑ A strategic option beneficial to both the environment and economy
→ Towards a more
Circular Economy
hm3/yr.
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5. DIAGNOSIS: IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE FOR GROUNDWATER RECHARGE
Torres Vedras groundwater body
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4.1. Preliminary selection of sub-thematic areas
LNEC considered relevant for analysis the following ten sub-thematic areas:
1. research on flash flood forecasting and early warning based on enhanced precipitation flow models
2. landscape-scale sediment management and control / Loess plateau watershed rehabilitation project
3. prediction and management of drought and water scarcity situations and environmental impacts on wetlands / ecological restoration /
rebuilding natural capital
4. climate change impact assessment on China water resources /water scarcity, drought indicators, forecasting and contingency planning
5. technologies for efficient distribution and higher water use efficiency
6. ecological minimum flow and migration of fish population
7. exchange of experiences on the implementation of measures preventing pollution
8. trans-boundary water management and related challenges in the field of pollution prevention, operation of early-warning systems,
abstraction management and conflict management
9. management of groundwater, including groundwater monitoring and trends´ analysis in urban and agricultural areas / North China Plain
aquifer at Risk Due to Groundwater Depletion
10. groundwater allocation arrangements to adequately regulate groundwater quantity and use / development of non-conventional water
resources including managed aquifer recharge
“River basin management and flood control”
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Runoff and groundwater return flow to
rivers
Vadose zone
monitoring and
modelling
Groundwater
quality
modelling
Framework Objectives Tasks Development Results
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Geographical groundwater protection zoning
Results achieved with the application of Krijgsman and Lobo Ferreira
methodology to calculate intermediate protection zone for the porous
and unconfined aquifer of Zhangji case study area (Q = 100 m3/day)
Upgradient protection distance (m)
Protection distance perpendicular to
flow direction (m)
Downgradient protection distance
(m)
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WATER DOMAIN WATER FOR ENERGY
WATER CHALLENGE RETROFITTING OF EXISTING SMALL SCALE HYDROPOWER SCHEMES
TYPE OF TWI TURBINES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNOLOGYTWIEU, E6. Small turbines to be retrofitted e.g. intake towers, unused ship locks, canal weirs and navigation and irrigation dams
CATEGORY ENERGY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES: SMALLSCALE HYDROPOWER
DESCRIPTION
Use at existing structures HYDROMATRIX® technology enables customers to tap into the unusedhydropower potential of intake towers, unused ship locks, canal weirs and navigation and irrigationdams by using these existing structures as a profitable and renewable energy resource.
Flexibility in arranging the small TG-units and associated electromechanical equipment allowsintegration of HYDROMATRIX® plants in existing structures that fulfil the basic application criteria. Highprofitability HYDROMATRIX® turbines can operate with only minimal tailrace submergence. Deepexcavation and other costly civil work can be avoided, thus leading to significant cost savings. State-of-the-art hydraulic runner design and generator technology guarantee highest possible energygeneration through high levels of hydraulic and electrical efficiency.
In 2010 ANDRITZ HYDRO received the Austrian State Prize for Environmental and Energy Technologyfor its HYDROMATRIX® concept .
source http://www.small-
hydro.com/Programs/innovative-
technologies.aspxhttp://www.andritz.com/hy-hydromatrix-en.pdf
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WATER DOMAIN WATER FOR ENERGY
WATER CHALLENGE RISK ASSESSMENT & PRESERVATION OF NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS IN DAMMED RIVERS
TYPE OF TWI DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS)
TECHNOLOGYTWIEU, E15. Earthquake safety assessment for concrete dams foundation failure by application of integrated numerical tools
CATEGORY ENERGY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
DESCRIPTION
Earthquake safety assessment for concrete dams foundation failure involves application of theexisting and the development of new integrated numerical tools to assess the safety of damfoundations in rock masses considering extreme actions, such as those imposed by high intensityseismic events.
Two major roles are anticipated for their use: assess the safety level of existing dams, in order tosupport decisions regarding the need for rehabilitation works; define and the major potential failuremodes allowing a more effective design of new dams, and expediting the interpretation of datacollected during or after the seismic events, and thus allowing an adequate support to the definitionof emergency decisions.
Source: http://www.lnec.pt/barragens-betao/en/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bzk4EuaNUsx5Vl9QWnc2Q3BSVUE/view?usp=sharing
Simon Spooner
July 2014
Report prepared for CEWP Business opportunities Pillar with support from EU SME Centre.
Dams, dykes and flood safety
China has more than 87,000 large and small scale reservoirs. About 22,000 of these are above
15 m high and so defined as large dams. Many of China’s dams were built of compacted earth
by mass people’s movements from the 1950’s to the late 1970’s with little skilled engineering
supervision and are expected to have a maximum lifetime of about 50 years13. Thus it has
been estimated that more than 50% of the dams built in this period pose significant risks and
require remedial work14. More than RMB 60 billion was spent during the 11th Five Year Plan
period on dam remediation and investment in this is expected to increase sharply in 12th FYP
to 2015 as a target of making all dams safe by 2015 has been set.
This opens the opportunity for dam risk assessment and monitoring systems and novel
technologies and methods for dam rehabilitation. The first contact for such projects could be
the MWR International Cooperation Department or the Institute of Water Resources and
Hydropower Research (IWHR). Actual engineering or construction work would be difficult for
European firms to secure, but services and technologies could be supplied in partnership with
Chinese contractors.