FRIZID ZONEThe Arctic has numerous definitions,

including the region north of the Arctic Circle currently (Epoch 2010 at 66°33'44" N), or

the region north of 60° north latitude, or the region from the North Pole south to the 

timberline.

The Antarctic is usually defined as south of 60° south latitude, or the continent of

Antarctica. The 1959 Antarctic Treaty uses the former definition.

Distributions of permafrost in the Northern Hemisphere.purple region : permafrostblue regions : seasonally frozen ground (the soil is frozen for 15 days or more per year )pink regions : intermittently frozen ground ( the soil is frozen for fewer than 15 days per year )solid line : the average maximum extent of the seasonal snow cover

ClimatePolar region receive less intensive solar radiation because the sun's energy arrives at an oblique angle, spreading over a larger area, and also travels a longer distance through the Earth's atmosphere in which it may be absorbed, scattered or reflected, which is the same thing that causes winters to be colder than the rest of the year in temperate areas.

The axial tilt of the Earth has a major effect on climate of the polar regions. Since the polar regions are the farthest from the equator, they receive the least amount of sunlight and are therefore frigid. The large amount of ice and snow also reflects a large part of what little sunlight the Polar regions receive, contributing to the cold. Polar regions are characterized by the polar climate, extremely cold temperatures, heavy glaciation wherever there is sufficient precipitation to form permanent ice, and extreme variations in daylight hours, with twenty-four hours of daylight in summer, and complete darkness at mid-winter.

 While the Sun doesn't rise above the horizon, it does come close to doing so. Instead of the pitch black many imagine it to be like, you get a blue light much of the time during the days of the polar night.

The midnight sun is a natural phenomenon occurring in summer months at latitudes north and nearby to the south of the Arctic Circle, and south and nearby to the north of the Antarctic Circle where the sun remains visible at the local midnight. Given fair weather, the sun is visible for a continuous 24 hours, mostly north of the Arctic Circle and south of the Antarctic Circle. The number of days per year with potential midnight sun increases the farther pole ward one goes from the equator.

When to see the midnight sun

     According to Visit Norway the midnight sun is visible at the Arctic Circle from June 12 until July 1. The further north one goes the longer this period extends.At North Cape, Norway, known as the northernmost point of Continental Europe this period extends approximately from May 14 to July 29. On the Svalbard archipelago further north this period extends from April 20 to August 22.

Polar ice caps form because high latitude regions receive less energy in the form ofsolar radiation from the sun than equatorial regions, resulting in lower surface temperatures.

Sea ice is largely formed from seawater that freezes. Because the oceans consist of saltwater, this occurs below the freezing point of pure water, at about -1.8 °C (28.8 °F).

Purple aurora

Icebergs

A glacier carving a valley in Greenland

Photo of Pygoscelis papua (gentoo penguin) on Petermann Island, Antarctica,

Transantarctic Mountains, Northern Victoria Land, view from close to Cape Roberts

artic animals

milkwort

People of the arctic

The Yakuts - a Legendary Horse People

The Lapps - the Indigenous People of Lapland

Transport

Traditional qamutik (sled),

umiak

kayak

clothing

This Inunait or Inuit parka/anorak is typical of an Inuit woman's parka from the early 1900s and was made from the thin skins of summer caribou (the summer skin is short, mostly consisting of tight under wool). The parka has 2 extra layers to provide additional warmth to its user.

Clothing consisted of coat, trousers, stockings, shoes or boots.

House of inuits- igloo