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Group Dynamics
Group-A group is defined as a social unitconsisting of two or more interdependent,
interactive people striving for common goals.
Group Dynamics-A Social process by which
people interact face to face in small group iscalled group Dynamics.
Group Dynamics refers to the study of forcesoperating within a group.
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Why people join groups?
To facilitate learning.
To exercise influence over environment.
To enhance their effectiveness. Because of the belief that groups will be
helpful in achieving some of their goals.
To feel secure, to satisfy need.
To keep themselves motivated.
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Functions of groups
Generating new ideas or creative solutions tosolve problems
Serving association among several work
groups Facilitating the implementation of complex
decisions
Serving as a vehicle for training newemployees
Working on complex and independent task.
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5 Tuckmans Five-Stage Theoryof Group Development
PerformingAdjourning
Norming
Storming
Forming
Return toIndependence
Dependence/interdependence
Independence
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6 Tuckmans Five-Stage Theoryof Group Development (continued)
Individual
Issues
Forming Storming Norming Performing
How do I fit
in?
Whats my
role here?
What do theothers expectme to do?
How can I bestperform myrole?
Group
Issues
Why are we
here?
Why are wefighting over
whos incharge and whodoes what?
Can we agreeon roles and
work as ateam?
Can we do the
job properly?
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Stages Forming-they become familiar with each other
and they are testing the waters.This stagecomplete when members have began to think ofthemselve as Part of a group.
Storming-tension between group members (who
will control the group what would be thehierarchy of leadership with the group.
Norming-Harmony develops norms areestablished-close relationships are developed andstrong sense of group identity.This stage iscomplete when the group structure solidifies.
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Performing-(Relationship are stabilized.)
The structure of the group is fully functional andaccepted.The group finally settles down to
complete its assigned task.
Adjourning-(Disengagement)Termination of work behaviour.Attention is
directed towards wrapping up the activities.
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Types of groups
Formal group and informal group
Primary and secondary group
Membership group and reference group In group and out group.
Command group and task group.
Open group and closed group.
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Formal Group Informal Group
Origin Deliberately Structured to
serve the organizational goals
It is emerged spontaneously
Activities The manager decides aboutthe activities of each group
Member themselves develop theiractivities
Purpose Serve organisation Social Satisfaction
Authority Authority is given by the
organization
Authority is earned from the
members
Communicati
on
Chain of command No chain of command
Size Large Small
Control Behaviour is controlled by
predetermined rules and
regulations
Behaviour is controlled through
common norms values and beliefs
of the groups.
Sanction to
members
Members are rewarded and
punished for the work done
Members are recognized through
non fanancial rewards and
punishments in terms of feelings
status and prestige.
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Primary group & Secondary group
Primary groups are those in which
interpersonal relationship take place on a face
to face basis and great frequency.
Secondary groups are likely to be more
impersonal and more characterized by
formalized or contractual relationships among
members.
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Membership group and Reference
group
Membership groups are formed formally and
informally through membership cards or
certificates.
Reference group is one in which individuals
would like to belong or to identify
themselves.the reference group values and
opinions are important to the individual.
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In group and out group
The group to which we belong are IN group
and which we not belong to are outgroup.
Open and Closed group
An open group is constantly adding and losingmembers where the membership is stable in
closed group.
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Types of formal groups
Permanent and temporary group
Command group(Determined by the organisationalchart.)
Functional group(is to carry out specific operations)
Team group(no Fixed role to its individual,Roles areinterchangable)
Task group(Complete a job)
Technological group (Role is assigned by management.Theposition of the job is fixed,methods are laid down and timeis also fixed.)
Status group(Members of the same status in theorganisation)
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Types of Informal groups
Cliques(Small) Vertical Cliques
Horizontal Cliques
Random or mixed cliques
Subcliques(The group consist of some members of a cliquesinside the organisation along with some other personoutside the clique.
Isolates-A individual who is not a memebr of any group is
called as isolate. Interest group-(Common Interest)
Friendship group(Common characteristics)