• High Resolution Imaging• structure and morphology• phase heterogeneity & defects

• Electron Diffraction• determine crystallography• SAED• CBED

• XEDS (energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry)

• Si(Li) detector• EELS (electron energy-loss spectroscopy)

• disperses electrons in energy• elemental and chemical analysis• EFTEM possible with an imaging

energy filter

HI-MAG

Analytical Electron MicroscopyAnalytical Electron Microscopy

EELS EELS vs.vs. EDS EDS

courtesy Gatan EELS course

Analytical Electron MicroscopyAnalytical Electron Microscopy

EFTEM Mn-C-O Map

25 nm

3 nm

3D imaging field emission STEM

zeptoanalysis nano diffraction HRTEM

0.5 nm

nanoparticles

3 um

tomographyEFTEM Mn-C-O Map

25 nm

Valence mapping

3 nm

3D imaging field emission STEM

zeptoanalysis nano diffraction HRTEM

0.5 nm

nanoparticles

3 um

3D Monte Carlo

chemical sinogram

3D Reconstructionideal

assumedby

software

reality

newsoftwareneeded

noise added to projections

““Rubik’s Cube”Rubik’s Cube”

O K mapN K map Cu L map

Al K map Si K map Ti K map

Cu K map Al K map**different contrast stretch

RGB overlay

✔ Forward problem solved. Can we solve the inverse

problem?