Figure. Diabatic distillation plate

Fig. The energy–economy–ecology connection.

Y

xXB XF XD

T1T2

T3

T8

T9

Y

xXB XF XD

T1T2

T3

T8

T9

Figure . McCabe-Thiele graphic for a column with intercooling/interheating

Figure. The equilibrium stage.

Figure. Multi-stage distillation column.

XDistillate Bottoms Stage N Stage 2 Stage N-1 Stage j-1 Stage j Stage j+1

2L

1L

1N

L 1j

V

jV

1j

V

2V

1j

L

jL

1j

L

1N

V

NV

Stage 1 Feed

Figure. Line material balance for the intercooler

Figure. Feed preheating of the column

Conventional column retrofitted with serial heat exchangers.

Rectifier

Condenser

Stripper

Reboiler

Fig.. Adiabatic and diabatic columns

Top Product

90% EtOH

Bottom Product

11.59% EtOH

Adiabatic

Column

Cooling Water

Mixture

35% EtOH

Top Product

90% EtOH

Bottom Product

11.59% EtOHMixture

35% EtOH

Cooling water

Diabatic

Column

Water-Ethanol Distillation

Figure. Model to calculate the thermal exergy change between two states.

Figure. Model for a unit (a plate) heat exchanger in series

Figure XA

Figure XB

Figure XC

Figure XD

Figure X. Diabatic and adiabatic different columns with different feed inlets.

Figure. Exergy components of the substance stream crossing the immovable system boundary