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transcript
© 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC
Umiker's Management Skills for the New Health
Care Supervisor, Fifth Edition
Charles McConnell
© 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC
Chapter 13
Leaders and ManagersLeaders and Managers
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True Leader
True leaders can influence people
over whom they have no formal
authority. This is often referred to
as “horizontal management,” and it
is one of the marks of a true leader.
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Organizational Culture
A pattern of basic assumptions that
has worked well enough to be
considered valid and to be taught to
new members as the correct way to
perceive, think and feel in relation
to coping with problems.
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Leaders --
shape the culture of their
organization, and to a
considerable extent the culture
shapes the leaders.
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Leading vs Managing
Although “leader” and “manager”
are often legitimate synonyms for
each other, the difference in
organizational life is often that the
manager pushes the group but the
leader moves with the group.
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Authoritarian Leadership
Leaders who use this style are often
described as task oriented,
paternalistic, or autocratic—what
the leader says, goes; you will
follow or else. (“Theory X”)
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Participative Leadership
Leaders who behave according to
this style are often referred to as
people-oriented—they bring
employees into the planning and
decision-making processes.
(“Theory Y”)
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Theory Z Leadership
“Japanese Management” --
characterized by employee participation
and egalitarianism. It features
guaranteed employment, maximum
employee input, and strong reliance on
team mechanisms such as quality
circles.
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Bureaucratic Leadership
Terms descriptive of this style
include rules oriented, by-the-book
management, essentially
impersonal, there-must-be-a-
procedure-for-everything.
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Situational Leadership
This style of leadership involves
adapting one’s approach to the
individual situation; “different strokes
for different folks” leadership.
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Laissez-Faire Leadership
This kind of leadership is essentially
hands off, fence-straddling,
exercising little authority or control;
it is essentially non-leadership.
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SPECIAL VARIATIONS
Manipulation (speaks for itself)
Management by Crisis (fire-fighting)
Management by Exception
Management by Objectives
Management by Wandering Around
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Contemporary Leadership Activities
Team building and group problem
solving
Cross-training for efficiency and
flexibility
Employee empowerment
Improved quality and customer service
Cost cutting
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Contemporary Leadership Activities
Managing change (new services,
products, or facilities)
Staff reductions or other personnel
rearrangements
Decentralizing activities or
establishing satellite activities
Worker safety and health programs
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Contemporary Leadership Activities
Environmental preservation
Patient home care
Point-of-care services (for example,
expanded bedside services)
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Leadership at its Strongest
Leadership in its strongest
form is leadership by
example.
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Effective team leaders are competent.
They possess professional and team
leadership skills,.
People look up to them and respect their
expertise.
Their opinions and advice are sought after.
They are asked to serve on important
committees.
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Effective team leaders are competent. (continued)
They work to constantly improve
their capabilities.
They can answer most questions
They cooperate fully with their
counterparts.
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Effective team leaders emotionally stable.
They exhibit a relaxed leadership style.
They remain cool and calm under
pressure.
They handle stress well.
When they get upset with people, they
focus on behavior, not on personalities.
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Effective team leaders get the job done
They provide a sense of direction and set high expectations and standards.
They expect and demand good performance. They are well organized and always
prepared. They are proactive; they anticipate and
prepare for change. They focus on important matters; they do
not nitpick.
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Effective team leaders get the job done
They place the right people in the right jobs.
They do not waste their time or that of their followers.
They stimulate innovativeness and invite ideas.
They provide all the resources their teams need.
They get rid of the deadwood.
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Effective leaders are effective communicators.
They use memos, meetings, and other communication channels effectively.
They provide clear instructions and request feedback to ensure understanding.
They are articulate and persuasive, but they do not manipulate people.
They are excellent listeners.
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Effective leaders are effective communicators
They share information but do not repeat gossip.
They do not withhold bad news. , They are effective teachers. They provide feedback, both positive and
negative, as needed. They criticize behavior, not people or
personalities. They are quick to praise and to give credit.
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Effective leaders are effective communicators
They acknowledge their own mistakes and learn from them.
They always seem to know what’s going on.
Effective team leaders are unafraid. They thrive on responsibility. They take risks, and they bend rules
when doing so makes sense.
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Effective leaders are effective communicators
They are innovative and flexible. They chalk up failures to
experience. They keep their fears to themselves. They encourage creativity and risk
taking. They accept responsibility for
failures.
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Effective team leaders are credible
They are dedicated to telling the truth.
They keep their promises and fulfill their commitments.
They admit their mistakes. They do not take credit for the ideas
of others. They do not play favorites, and their
credibility is above reproach.
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Effective leaders develop committed followers
They care about their followers. They roll up their sleeves and help. The go to bat for their people. They empower employees. They provide their people with
whatever they need to get their work done.
They allow people freedom in how the work is done.
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Effective leaders develop committed followers
They do not play favorites. They are fully as attentive to people
below them as to those above. They invite and respect the opinions
and suggestions of all their employees.
They provide opportunities for employees to use newly or previously untapped skills.
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Effective leaders develop committed followers
They encourage and support suggestions. They articulate what they value and back
this up. They reward cooperation as highly as they
reward individual achievement. They are helpful and anticipate the needs
and problems of their team members. They defend their people from harassment.
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Effective leaders exhibit charisma.
They maintain a childlike fascination. They make it a point to catch people
doing something right . . . and tell them so.
They hold a warm handshake and smile. They use the other person’s name often. They project energy and enthusiasm. They are good role models.
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Supervisory Mistakes
Potential supervisory mistakes are
many; they are far more numerous than
can be listed here. Everyone entering
supervision will make some mistakes;
those who succeed in the long run will
learn from those mistakes.