Post on 05-Apr-2018
transcript
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
1/30
Medical WritingMedical Writing
Dr. Sarwar J Zuberi
Ziauddin Medical University&
Pakistan Medical & ResearchCouncil
Synops
is
Disser
tation
Thesis
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
2/30
Types of MedicalTypes of Medical
WritingWriting
x Editorial
x Original Article
x Review Articles
x Short Papers
x Case Reports
x Letter to Editor
x
Personal Viewsx Special Communication
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
3/30
The Basic Structure ofThe Basic Structure of
ArticleArticle
TITLE
(S)Summary (Structured Abstract)
(I) Introduction (What Question was asked?)
(M)Methods (How was it Studied?)
(R)Results (What was Found?)(A)Analysis (How data was analysed?)(D)Discussion (What Do the Findings Mean?)
Acknowledgements
References
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
4/30
TitleTitle
x Should be specific But comprehensive
x Short But sufficiently descriptive
x No abbreviations
x Should be easy To catalogue
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
5/30
Structured abstractStructured abstract
Objective Design Setting
Patients and methods Results Conclusions Key words
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
6/30
IntroductionIntroduction
Existing state of knowledge
Gaps in knowledge which research will fill.
State what you Intend to do
Give pertinent references
It does not
Review the history of the subject
Does not identify all the other gaps in knowledge
Don not include methods, results and discussion
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
7/30
MethodsMethods
x What Subjects/patients/animals/specimens
techniques were used?
x Reason for selecting the experimental design
of the study
x Statistical methods used for analysis
x The section should be called "Materiel and
Methods" only if inanimate specimens have
been used.
(continue)
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
8/30
Methods
Patient / Animals / Specimens
Numbers How are they grouped
(cases /controls)
Criteria Informed consent obtained
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
9/30
TechniquesTechniques
x Give enough details for readers to assess the
validity of the results, and repeat the studyx If standard techniques is used, give appropriate
reference,any modifications should be clearlyexplained
x If drug trial- clear description of trial
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
10/30
StatisticsStatistics
Clearly mention the statistical methodsused for appropriate verification of
reported results.
(consult a statistician before startingthe study)
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
11/30
ResultsResults
x Communication of facts, measurements,
and observations gathered by the author
x Start with the results that are easier tointerpret
x Results should be set out in tables and
figures
x Do not duplicate illustrations
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
12/30
DiscussionDiscussion
x What gaps in knowledge remain to be filled?
x Main results should be summarised at the
beginning of discussion
x Only mention previous results or comments which
illuminate or which are illuminated by the present
results.
(continue)
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
13/30
DiscussionDiscussion
Final paragraph in which the message of the article is
firmly stated.
Point out where further gaps in knowledge could usefullybe filled instead of "further research is needed".
Intention of author to explore the "Gaps" further.
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
14/30
Acknowledgements (SilentAcknowledgements (Silent
partners)partners)
We wish to thank - all those who deserve
recognition for their contribution but who have
not made a significant intellectual contribution
and are therefore not included as authors
(Colleagues,Institutions, Organizations providing
financial help, laboratory and secretarial staff)
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
15/30
ReferencesReferences
1.Standard journal article
Vega K., Pina I., Krevisky B. Heart transplantationis associated with an increased risk forpancreaticobiliary disease. Ann Intern Med 1996Jun 1: 124(11): 980-3
2.Books and other monographs
Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP. Hypertension and stroke.In: Laragh JH, Bremier BM, editors. Hypertension:pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. 2nd
ed. New York: Raven Press; 1995. P.465-78.
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
16/30
ReferencesReferences
3.Disertation
Kaplan SJ. Post-hospital home health care: the
elderly's access and untilizaiion (dissertation]. St.
Louis (MO): Washington Univ: 1995.
4. Unpublished materialLeshner AL. Molecular mechanisms of cocaine. NEngl J Med. In press 1996.
5. Electronic material
Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectiousdisease. Emerg Inftect Dis [serial online] 1995 Jan-Mar (cited 1996 Jun 5]; 1(1): [24 screens].Available from URL:http:/www.cdc.gov/ncdod/EID/eid.htm
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
17/30
Summing UpSumming Up
In the words of Stephen Lock,
A good article has a definite structure. Make itspoint and then shuts up
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
18/30
Sending Manuscript to theSending Manuscript to the
JournalJournal
x Required number of copies in a heavy envelop
enclosing figures / photos / photo
micrographics in card boards in separate
envelop
x Covering letter signed by all co-authors
x Has not been submitted else where
x Approved by all authors
x Authors will bear the cost of colour illustration
i f b i iR i f S b i i
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
19/30
Requirements for SubmissionRequirements for Submission
of Manuscriptof ManuscriptMust Read Instructions to Authors
(Uniform requirements for manuscriptssubmitted to biomedical Journals 1997)
Preparation
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Materials
Subjects
Patients
Results
Discussion
Typing
White bond paper
(8.1/2 x 11 or A4 with 1
margins
Typing - Double space
Number pagesconsecutively beginningwith title page (upper or
lower right hand corner)
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
20/30
Requirements forRequirements for
Submission of ManuscriptSubmission of Manuscript
Manuscript on DISC
x Include a printout version
x Name the file clearly
x Label the disc with format of the file
and file name
x Provide information on hardware and
software used.
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
21/30
Title Page (1st Page)Title Page (1st Page)
x
Title of the article (concise information)x Name of author(s)
x Highest academic degree(s)
x Affiliation
x Departmentx Institution
x Disclaimers if any
x Name and address of author for correspondence
about the manuscriptx Source of support in the form of grants,
equipment, drugs
x Short running head or foot line of no more than
40 characters
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
22/30
Abstract and Key Words (2Abstract and Key Words (2ndndPage)Page)
x 150 words for unstructured abstract
x 250 words for structured abstract
x Abstract should be
x Purpose of the study
x Basic procedures (selection of subjects,observational and analytical methods)
x Main findings (Data and its significance)
x The principal conclusions
x 3-10 Key words
x Assist indexer and cross indexing
x Terms from medical subject heading (MeSH)
should be used
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
23/30
Introduction (3rdIntroduction (3rd
Page)Page)
x State purpose of the article
x Summarize the rationale for study or observation
x Give Strictly pertinent reference
x Do not include data or conclusion
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
24/30
Method (4Method (4thth Page)Page)
x Describe selection of the observational,
Experimental subjects including controls
x Experimental method (reference for standard
methods)
x
Statistical methods
x Ethics
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
25/30
Results (5Results (5thth Page)Page)
x Logical sequencex Text
x Tables
x Illustrations
x Do not repeat in the text all the data in tables /figures emphasize, summarizing importantobservations
x Tables - Number tables separate sheets
x
Figures - Legends5 x 7 or 8 x10 glossy prints
(Black & white / coloured)
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
26/30
Discussion (6Discussion (6thth Page)Page)
x Emphasize new and important aspects of the studyand conclusions that follow
x Do not repeat the data
x
Include implications of the funding, theirlimitations and implications for future Research
x Relate observations with other relevant studies
x Recommendations when appropriate may be
included
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
27/30
Acknowledgement (7Acknowledgement (7ththPage)Page)
x Those who do not justify to be Authors should be
Acknowledged
x Those who have provided technical help
x Financial and material support
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
28/30
Some GuidelinesSome Guidelines
x
Choose an appropriate Journalsx Go through the uniform requirements for
Biomedical publications
x Write simple grammatically correct sentences
x Brevity is the best practice
x Avoid irrelevant details
x Show the draft to colleagues
x
Read final draft carefullyx Typographical and grammatical mistakes give bad
impression
x Check tables and figures (Captions, size, clarity)
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
29/30
AuthorshipAuthorshipx All person designated as authors should qualify for
authorship
x Author should have participated sufficiently in the
work to take public responsibility for the content
x Authorship credit should be based on substantial
contribution to:
x Conception
x Design
x Analysis & interpretation of data
7/31/2019 Medical Writting
30/30
AuthorshipAuthorship
x Drafting, revising it critically, for important
intellectual contents and final approval of the
contents
x Participating solely in acquisition of funding,
collection of data does not justify authorship
x General supervision of research group is not
sufficient for authorship
x Order of the author should be a joint decision of
the authors