QR CODE

SUMMARY

Introduction The QR code structure The Specification of QR code Encoding Characteristics of QR code Application

INTRODUCTION

QR codes, or quick response codes, are trademark for a type of matrix or (two-dimensional barcodes).

First created and introduced by Japanese corporation

Denso-Wave in 1994. QR codes can be read by camera phones. We can encode numeric, alphanumeric

byte/binary, kanji hold max 7,089 numeric characters and max 4,296

alphanumeric characters worth of data.

1.Comparison of different code formats

2. Types of QR code

Version 1 (21×21) version 2 (25×25). Version 3 (29×29).

Version 4 (33×33). Version 10 (57×57). Version 40 (177×177).

3. The QR code structure

FP : A pattern for detecting the position of the QR Code(

AP: A pattern for correcting the distortion of the QR Code.

TP: for correcting the central coordinate of the data cell

DA: The QR Code data will be stored (encoded) into the data area

360°).

4. The Specification of QR code

ENCODING

Step 1: Data Encodation Step 2: Error Correction

Codeword generation Step 3: Module placement in

matrix. Step 4: Masking Pattern

selection Step 5: Format Information Step 6: Final symbol

construction

Four-bit indicators

Indicator Meaning

0001 Numeric encoding (10 bits per 3 digits)

0010 Alphanumeric encoding (11 bits per 2 characters)

0100 Byte encoding (8 bits per character)

1000 Kanji encoding (13 bits per character)

0011Structured append (used to split a message across multiple QR symbols)

0111Extended Channel Interpretation (select alternate character set or encoding)

0101 FNC1 in first position (see Code 128 for more information)

1001 FNC1 in second position

0000 End of message

Are used to select the encoding mode and convey other information

Encoding Ver 1–9 10–26 27–40

Numeric 10 12 14

Alphanumeric

9 11 13

Byte 8 16 16

Kanji 8 10 12

• The number of bits in the length field depends on the encoding and the symbol version, as shown below.

6.MESSAGE PLACEMENT WITHIN A QR SYMBOL

7. Characteristics of QR code

1. All-Direction (360°) High-Speed Reading

2. Resistant to Distorted Symbols

3. Data Restoration Functionality

4. Efficiently Encoding of Kanji and Kana Characters

•QR Code has four different error correction levels• Reed-Solomon code which is highly resistant to burst errors arranged in the data area.

• QR Code has a linking functionality which will enable a single symbol to be represented in several symbols by dividing it .

• A single symbol can be divided into 16 symbols at maximum

5. Linking Functionality of the Symbols

6. The Confidentiality of the Code

By making the relationship between the character type and the stored data unique for a special usage, QR Code can be easily encrypted.

QR CODE ENCRYPTION Who may need encrypted QR codes? People used passports, driver license and other

identification or even loyalty cards. banking, hospitals, health care services QR should

be read only by workers How to encrypt QR codes use symmetrical keys to encryption and

decryption Key can be composed from the sentence or non

meaningful characters encryption is done by performing a bitwise XOR

operation on both data chunks using key Performing same operation on encryption we get

original msg

APPLICATION OF OR CODE

human tracking robot using QR codeso Earlier human-recognition systems have u, but the

tags require batteries, so the maintenance burden is largesed technology such as active infrared tags

o QR codes can simply be printed, creating inexpensive passive tags this is advantage of QR code

o recognition rates can drop dramatically as the distance to the subject increases the we used pattern matching method .

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE (CONTD.)

QR CODE BASED MOBILE PAYMENT SYSTEM

QR CODES IN EDUCATION

catalogue search at the library of the University, a QR code will also be displayed automatically to summarize the key information, the title, the author, and the shelf location as

Processes of Preparing and Reading a Document with QR Codes

Conclusion QR code is a way of encoding more information than a

traditional bar code QR code is now being widely used in a variety of

businesses. For security of QR code info encryption is required goods are identified using QR codes in commerce, there

is a clear need to build new mobile payment systems for mobile users to support mobile transactions based on QR codes

REFERENCES

[1]. H. Aoki, S. Matsushita: “Balloon Tag: (In)visible Marker Which Tells Who’s Who,” Proc. of the

4th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers, pp. 181-182 (2000-2010)

[2]. M. R. Rieback, B. Crispo, and A. S. Tanenbaum. Is your cat infected with a computer virus? In PERCOM ' 06: Proceedings of the Fourth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing Communications, pages 169{179, Washington, DC ,USA, 2006. IEEE Computer Society

[3]. TRIER,O.D.,JAIN,A.K.,"Goal-Directed Evaluation of Binarization Methods",Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,JEEETransactions on PAMI, Vo1.17,No.12,pp.1191-1201,Dec.1995

[4]. Yu-Hsuan Chang, Chung-Hua Chu and Ming-Syan Chen, “A General Scheme for Extracting QR Code from a Non-uniform Background in Camera Phones and Applications,” Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia, ISM 2007. pp. 123-130, 10-12 Dec. 2007

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