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United States presidential election, 1972
1968 November 7, 1972 1976
All 538 electoral votes of the Electoral College
270 ele ctoral votes nee ded to win
Turnout 55.2%[1]
Nominee Richard Nixon George McGovern
Party Republican Democratic
Home state California South Dakota
Running mate Spiro Agnew Sargent Shriver
(replacing Thomas
Eagleton)
Electoral vote 520 17
States carried 49 1 + DC
Popular vote 47,168,710 29,173,222
Percentage 60.7% 37.5%
Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by
Nixon/Agnew, Blue denotes those won by McGovern/Shriver. Gray is
the electoral vote for John Hospers by a Virginia faithless elector.
Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.
President before election
Richard Nixon
Republican
Elected President
Richard Nixon
Republican
United States presidential election, 1972From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The United States presidential election of 1972 was the 47th quadrennial
presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 7, 1972. The Democratic
Party's nomination was eventually won by Senator George McGovern of South
Dakota, who ran an anti-war campaign against incumbent Republican President
RichardNixon, but was handicapped by his outsider status, limited support from
his own party, the perception of many voters that he was a left-wing extremist,
and the scandal that resulted from the firing of vice-presidential nominee Thomas
Eagleton.
Emphasizing a good economy and his successes in foreign affairs, such as coming
near to ending American involvement in Vietnam and establishing relations with
China, Nixon won the election in a landslide. Overall, Nixon won 60.7% of the
popular vote, a percentage only slightly lower than Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964,
but with a larger margin of victory in the popular vote (23.2%), the fourth largest
in presidential election history. He received almost 18 million more popular votes
than McGovern, the widest margin of any United States presidential election.
McGovern only won the electoral votes of Massachusetts and the District of
Columbia. No candidate since had managed to equal or surpass Nixon's total
percentage or margin of the popular vote, and his electoral vote total and
percentage has been surpassed only once by Ronald Reagan in 1984.
Also in this election, Shirley Chisholm became the first African American to run
for a major party nomination, and Patsy Mink was the first Asian American
candidate to run for the Democratic Party nomination. It also was the first time
that Hawaii was carried by a Republican, becoming the last of the 50 states to do
so. Together with the House and Senate elections of 1972, it was the first
electoral event in which people aged 18 to 20 could vote in any state, according
to the provisions of the Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States
Constitution. This is also the most recent presidential election where at least one
electoral vote was won by a candidate who, at the time of the election, was
neither a Republican or Democrat.
Contents1 Democratic nomination
1.1 Candidates gallery
1.2 Primaries
1.3 Primary results
1.4 Notable endorsements
1.5 1972 Democratic National Convention
1.6 The vice presidential vote
2 Republican nomination
2.1 Candidates gallery
2.2 Primaries
2.3 Primary results
2.4 Convention3 Third parties
4 General election
4.1 Campaign
4.2 Results
4.2.1 Results by state
4.3 Close States
5 Scandals
5.1 Watergate
5.2 Corporate campaign contributions
6 See also
7 References
8 Bibliography and further reading
9 External links
Democratic nomination
Main article: Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1972
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Overall, 15 people declared their candidacy for the Democratic Party nomination. They were:[2]
George McGovern, Senator from South Dakota
Hubert Humphrey, Senator from Minnesota and former Vice President
George Wallace, Governor of Alabama
Edmund Muskie, Senator from Maine
Eugene J. McCarthy, former Senator from Minnesota
Henry M. Jackson, Senator from Washington
Shirley Chisholm, Representative of New York's 12th congressional district
Terry Sanford, former Governor of North Carolina
John Lindsay, Mayor of New York City, New YorkWilbur Mills, Representative of Arkansas's 2nd congressional district
Vance Hartke, Senator from Indiana
Fred Harris, Senator from Oklahoma
Sam Yorty, Mayor of Los Angeles, California
Patsy Mink, Representative of Hawaii's 2nd congressional district
Walter Fauntroy, Delegate from Washington, D.C.
Candidates gallery
SenatorGeorge
McGovern of South
Dakota
Senator and former Vice
President Hubert
Humphrey of
Minnesota
GovernorGeorge
Wallace of Alabama
SenatorEdmund
Muskie of Maine
Former SenatorEugene
McCarthy of Minnesota
SenatorHenry M.
Jackson of Washington
Representative Shirley
Chisholm of New York
Former GovernorTerry
Sanford of North
Carolina
MayorJohn Lindsay of
New York
Representative Wilbur
Mills of Arkansas
SenatorVance Hartke
of Indiana
SenatorFred R. Harris
of Oklahoma
Representative Patsy
Minkof Hawaii
U.S. Congressional
Delegate Walter
Fauntroy of
Washington, D.C.
Primaries
See also: George McGovern presidential campaign, 1972
Senate Majority Whip Ted Kennedy, the youngest brother of former President John F. Kennedy and former Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, was
the favorite to win the 1972 nomination, but he announced he would not be a candidate.[3] The favorite for the Democratic nomination then became Ed
Muskie,[4] the 1968 vice-presidential nominee.[5] Muskie's momentum collapsed just prior to the New Hampshire primary, when the so-called "Canuck
letter" was published in theManchester Union-Leader. The letter, actually a forgery from Nixon's "dirty tricks" unit, claimed that Muskie had made
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Statewide contest by winner
disparaging remarks about French-Canadians a remark likely to injure Muskie's support among the French-American population in northern New
England. Subsequently, the paper published an attack on the character of Muskie's wife Jane, reporting that she drank and used off-color language during
the campaign. Muskie made an emotional defense of his wife in a speech outside the newspaper's offices during a snowstorm. Though Muskie later stated
that what had appeared to the press as tears were actually melted snowflakes, the press reported that Muskie broke down and cried, shattering the
candidate's image as calm and reasoned.[6]
Nearly two years before the election, South Dakota Senator George McGovern entered the race as an anti-war, progressive candidate.[7] McGovern was
able to pull together support from the anti-war movement and other grassroots support to win the nomination in a primary system he had played a
significant part in designing.
On January 25, 1972, New York Representative Shirley Chisholm announced she would run, and became the first African American woman to run for the
Democratic or Republican presidential nomination. Hawaii Representative Patsy Mink also announced she would run and became the first Asian American
to run for the Democratic presidential nomination.[8]
On April 25, George McGovern won the Massachusetts primary. Two days later, journalist Robert Novak claimed in a column that a Democratic senator
whom he did not name said of McGovern: "The people don't know McGovern is for amnesty, abortion, and legalization of pot. Once middle America
Catholic middle America, in particular finds this out, he's dead." The label stuck and McGovern became known as the candidate of "amnesty, abortion,
and acid." It became Humphrey's battle cry to stop McGovern especially in the Nebraska primary. [9][10]
Alabama Governor George Wallace, an anti-integrationist, did well in the South (he won every county in the Florida primary) and in the North among
alienated and dissatisfied voters. What might have become a forceful campaign was cut short when Wallace was shot in an assassination attempt by Arthur
Bremer on May 15. Wallace was struck by four bullets and left paralyzed. The day after the assassination attempt, Wallace won the Michigan and
Maryland primaries, but the shooting effectively ended his campaign.
In the end, McGovern won the nomination by winning primaries through grassroots support in spite of establishment opposition. McGovern had led acommission to re-design the Democratic nomination system after the divisive nomination struggle and convention of 1968. The fundamental principle of the
McGovern Commissionthat the Democratic primaries should determine the winner of the Democratic nominationhave lasted throughout every
subsequent nomination contest. However, the new rules angered many prominent Democrats whose influence was marginalized, and those politicians
refused to support McGovern's campaign (some even supporting Nixon instead), leaving the McGovern campaign at a significant disadvantage in funding
compared to Nixon.
Primary results
Primaries popular vote results:[11]
Hubert Humphrey 4,121,372 (25.77%)
George McGovern 4,053,451 (25.34%)
George Wallace 3,755,424 (23.48%)Edmund Muskie 1,840,217 (11.51%)
Eugene McCarthy 553,990 (3.46%)
Henry M. Jackson 505,198 (3.16%)
Shirley Chisholm 430,703 (2.69%)
Terry Sanford 331,415 (2.07%)
John Lindsay 196,406 (1.23%)
Samuel Yorty 79,446 (0.50%)
Wilbur Mills 37,401 (0.23%)
Walter E. Fauntroy 21,217 (0.13%)
Unpledged 19,533 (0.12%)
Ted Kennedy 16,693 (0.10%)
Vance Hartke 11,798 (0.07%)
Patsy Mink 8,286 (0.05%)
None 6,269 (0.04%)
Notable endorsements
Edmund Muskie
Former Governor and Secretary of Commerce W. Averell Harriman of New York[11]
Senator Harold Hughes of Iowa[11]
Senator Birch Bayh of Indiana[11]
Senator Adlai Stevenson III of Illinois[12]
Senator Mike Gravel of Alaska[13]
Former Senator Stephen M. Young of Ohio[14]
Governor Milton Shapp of Pennsylvania[11]
Former Governor Michael DiSalle of Ohio[14]
Ohio State Treasurer Gertrude W. Donahey[15]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_W._Donaheyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_DiSallehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Ohiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Shapphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Pennsylvaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_M._Younghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaskahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Gravelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinoishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_IIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birch_Bayhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Hugheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Averell_Harrimanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_Commercehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patsy_Minkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vance_Hartkehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Kennedyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_E._Fauntroyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilbur_Millshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Yortyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lindsayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Sanfordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirley_Chisholmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_M._Jacksonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_McCarthyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Muskiehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Wallacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_McGovernhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphreyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGovern_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1968http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Bremerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Wallace#Assassination_attempthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_integrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Wallacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Alabamahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Novakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_McGovernhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off-color_humorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Canadianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1972DemPrimaries.png7/30/2019 United States Presidential Election, 1972 - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
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Video from the Florida conventions
Astronaut John Glenn of Ohio[15]
Hubert Humphrey
Mayor Jack Sensenbrenner of Columbus, Ohio[16]
George McGovern
Senator Frank Church of Idaho[11]
Senator John V. Tunney of California[11]
George Wallace
Former Governor Lester Maddox of Georgia[11]
Shirley Chisholm
Representative Ron Dellums of California[11]
Feminist leader and author Betty Friedan[17]
Reverend Jesse Jackson of Illinois[11]
Feminist leader, journalist, and DNC official Gloria Steinem[18]
Terry Sanford
Former President Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas[19]
Henry M. Jackson
Governor Jimmy Carter of Georgia[20]
1972 Democratic National Convention
Main article: 1972 Democratic National Convent ion
Results:
George McGovern 1864.95Henry M. Jackson 525
George Wallace 381.7
Shirley Chisholm 151.95
Terry Sanford 77.5
Hubert Humphrey 66.7
Wilbur Mills 33.8
Edmund Muskie 24.3
Ted Kennedy 12.7
Sam Yorty 10
Wayne Hays 5
John Lindsay 5
Fred Harris 2
Eugene McCarthy 2Walter Mondale 2
Ramsey Clark 1
Walter Fauntroy 1
Vance Hartke 1
Harold Hughes 1
Patsy Mink 1
The vice presidential vote
With hundreds of delegates angry at McGovern for one reason or another, the vote was chaotic, with at least three other candidates having their names put
into nomination and votes scattered over 70 candidates.[21] The eventual winner was Senator Thomas Eagleton.
The vice-presidential balloting went on so long that McGovern and Eagleton were forced to make their acceptance speeches at around two in the morning,
local time.
After the convention ended, it was discovered that Eagleton had undergone psychiatric electroshock therapy for depression and had concealed this
information from McGovern. A Time magazine poll taken at the time found that 77 percent of the respondents said "Eagleton's medical record would not
affect their vote." Nonetheless, the press made frequent references to his "shock therapy," and McGovern feared that this would detract from his campaign
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platform.[22] McGovern subsequently consulted confidentially with preeminent psychiatrists, including Eagleton's own doctors, who advised him that a
recurrence of Eagleton's depression was possible and could endanger the country should Eagleton become president. [23][24][25][26][27] McGovern had
initially claimed that he would back Eagleton "1000 percent," only to ask Eagleton to withdraw three days later. This perceived lack of conviction in sticking
with his running mate was disastrous for the McGovern campaign.
After a week in which six prominent Democrats refused the vice-presidential nomination, Sargent Shriver, brother-in-law to John, Robert, and Ted
Kennedy, former Ambassador to France and former Director of the Peace Corps, accepted. He was officially nominated by a special session of the
Democratic National Committee. By this time, McGovern's poll ratings had plunged from 41 to 24 percent.
Republican nomination
Republican candidates:
Richard Nixon, President of the United States
Pete McCloskey, Representative from California
John M. Ashbrook, Representative from Ohio
Candidates gallery
President Richard
Nixon
Representative John
Ashbrookof Ohio
Representative Pete
McCloskey of
California
Primaries
Richard Nixon was a popular incumbent president in 1972, as he was credited with achieving dtente with the People's Republic of China and the Soviet
Union. Polls showed that Nixon held a strong lead in the Republican primaries. He was challenged by two candidates, liberal Pete McCloskey of Californiaand conservative John Ashbrook of Ohio. McCloskey ran as an anti-war candidate, while Ashbrook opposed Nixon's dtente policies towards China and
the Soviet Union. In the New Hampshire primary McCloskey garnered 19.8% of the vote to Nixon's 67.6%, with Ashbrook receiving 9.7%. [28] Nixon
won 1323 of the 1324 delegates to the Republican convention, with McCloskey receiving the vote of one delegate from New Mexico.
Primary results
Primaries popular vote result:[29]
Richard Nixon 5,378,704 (86.92%)
Unpledged 317,048 (5.12%)
John Ashbrook 311,543 (5.03%)
Pete McCloskey 132,731 (2.15%)
Convention
Seven members of Vietnam Veterans Against the War were brought on federal charges for conspiring to disrupt the Republican convention. [30] They were
acquitted by a federal jury in Gainesville, Florida.[30]
Third parties
The only major third party candidate in the 1972 election was conservative Republican Representative John G. Schmitz, who ran on the American Party
ticket (the party on whose ballot George Wallace ran in 1968). He was on the ballot in 32 states and received 1,099,482 votes. Unlike Wallace, however,
he did not win a majority of votes cast in any state, and received no electoral votes.
John Hospers of the newly formed Libertarian Party was on the ballot only in Colorado and Washington and received 3,573 votes, winning no states.
However, he did receive one electoral vote from Virginia from a Republican faithless elector (see below). The Libertarian vice-presidential nomineeTheodora "Tonie" Nathan became the first woman in U.S. history to receive an electoral vote. [31]
Linda Jenness was nominated by the Socialist Workers Party, with Andrew Pulley as her running-mate. Benjamin Spock and Julius Hobson were
nominated for president and vice-president, respectively by, the People's Party.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States,_1970s)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Hobsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Spockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Pulleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Jennesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonie_Nathanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faithless_electorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_(state)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hospershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Wallacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Independent_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_G._Schmitzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floridahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gainesville,_Floridahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_Veterans_Against_the_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_McCloskeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ashbrookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire_primaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9tentehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ashbrookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_McCloskeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9tentehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Ashbrookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representativeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_McCloskeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_National_Committeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_Corpshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_Corps#Directorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sargent_Shriverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_McCloskeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representativeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ashbrookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representativeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States7/30/2019 United States Presidential Election, 1972 - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
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Libertarian
nominee John
Hospers
Richard Nixon during an August 1972
campaign stop
George McGovern speaking
at an October 1972
campaign rally
Election results by county.
Richard Nixon
George McGovern
1972 Presidential Election, Results by Congress ional District
General election
Campaign
McGovern ran on a platform of immediately ending the Vietnam War and instituting guaranteed minimum incomes
for the nation's poor. His campaign was harmed by his views during the primaries (which alienated many
powerful Democrats), the perception that his foreign policy was too extreme, and the Eagleton debacle. With
McGovern's campaign weakened by these factors, the Republicans successfully portrayed him as a radical left-
wing extremist incompetent to serve as president. Nixon led in the polls by large margins throughout the entire
campaign. He ran a campaign with an aggressive policy of keeping tabs on perceived enemies, and his aides
committed the Watergate burglary to steal Democratic Party information during the campaign.
Results
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate_burglarieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_polling_for_U.S._Presidential_elections#United_States_presidential_election.2C_1972http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaranteed_minimum_incomehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1972_Presidential_Election,_Results_by_Congressional_District.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_McGovernhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1972prescountymap2.PNGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:George_McGovern_UH.jpeghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Richard_Nixon_greeted_by_children_during_campaign_1972.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Hospers.jpg7/30/2019 United States Presidential Election, 1972 - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
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Nixon's percentage of the popular vote was only slightly less than Lyndon Johnson's record in the 1964 election, and his margin of victory was slightly
larger. Nixon won a majority vote in 49 states, including McGovern's home state of South Dakota. Only Massachusetts and the District of Columbia voted
for the challenger, resulting in an even more lopsided Electoral College tally. The election saw the lowest voter turnout for a presidential election since 1948,
with only 55 percent of the electorate voting, perhaps because of voter apathy caused by the foregone conclusion of a Nixon landslide. It was also the first
election since 1808 in which New York did not have the largest number of electors in the Electoral College, having fallen to 41 electors versus California's
45.
Although the McGovern campaign believed that its candidate would win because of the new Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution
that lowered the national voting age to 18 from 21, a majority of those under 21 voted for Nixon. [32] The 1972 election was the first in American history in
which a Republican candidate carried every single Southern state, continuing the region's transformation from a Democratic bastion into a Republican one.
By this time, all the Southern states except Arkansas and Texas had been carried by a Republican in either the previous election or the 1964 election. As aresult of this election, Massachusetts was the only state not to be carried by Nixon in any of his three presidential campaigns. As of 2012, this is also the
last election where Minnesota was carried by the Republican candidate (Minnesota later being the only state not won by Ronald Reagan in either 1980 or
1984). This election also made Nixon the second former Vice President in American history to be elected and reelected, after Thomas Jefferson in 1800
and 1804.
Presidential candidate PartyHome
state
Popular voteElectoral
vote
Running mate
Count PctVice-presidential
candidateHome state
Elect.
vote
Richard Milhous Nixon Republican California 47,168,710 60.67% 520 Spiro Theodore Agnew Maryland 520
George Stanley
McGovernDemocratic
South
Dakota29,173,222 37.52% 17 Robert Sargent Shriver Maryland 17
John G. Schmitz AmericanIndependent
California 1,100,868 1.42% 0 Thomas J. Anderson Tennessee 0
Linda Jenness Socialist Workers Georgia 83,380(b) 0.11% 0 Andrew Pulley Illinois 0
Benjamin Spock People's California 78,759 0.10% 0 Julius HobsonDistrict of
Columbia0
Louis Fisher Socialist Labor Illinois 53,814 0.07% 0 Genevieve Gunderson Minnesota 0
Gus Hall Communist New York 25,597 0.03% 0 Jarvis Tyner Pennsylvania 0
Evelyn Reed Socialist Workers New York 13,878 0.02% 0 Clifton DeBerry Illinois 0
E. Harold Munn Prohibition Michigan 13,497 0.02% 0 Marshall Uncapher Kansas 0
John G. Hospers Libertarian California 3,674 0.00% 1(a) Theodora Nathan Oregon 1(a)
Other 28,628 0.04% Other
Total 77,744,027 100% 538 538
Needed to win 270 270
Source (Popular Vote): Leip, David. 1972 Presidential Election Results (http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?
year=1972&f=0&off=0&elect=0). Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections (http://uselectionatlas.org) (August 7, 2005). Source (Electoral
Vote): Electoral College Box Scores 17891996 (http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/scores.html#1972). Official website of the
ational Archives (http://www.archives.gov). (August 7, 2005). Source (Close States): http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/stats.php?
year=1972&f=0&off=0&elect=0 (Retrieved: January 24, 2013).
(a)A Virginia faithless elector, Roger MacBride, though pledged to vote for Richard Nixon and Spiro Agnew, instead voted for Libertarian candidates John
Hospers and Theodora "Tonie" Nathan.[31]
(b)
In Arizona, Pima and Yavapai counties had a ballot malfunction that counted many votes for both a major party candidate and Linda Jenness of theSocialist Workers Party. A court ordered that the ballots be counted for both. As a consequence, Jenness received 16% and 8% of the vote in Pima and
Yavapai, respectively. 30,579 of her 30,945 Arizona votes are from those two counties. Some sources do not count these votes for Jenness.
Popular vote
Nixon 60.67%
McGovern 37.52%
Schmitz 1.42%
Others 0.4%
Electoral vote
Nixon 96.65%
McGovern 3.16%
Hospers 0.19%
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizonahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodora_%22Tonie%22_Nathanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hospershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiro_Agnewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_MacBridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faithless_electorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginiahttp://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/stats.php?year=1972&f=0&off=0&elect=0http://www.archives.gov/http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/scores.html#1972http://uselectionatlas.org/http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=1972&f=0&off=0&elect=0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodora_Nathanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hospershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansashttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marshall_Uncapher&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michiganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Harold_Munnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinoishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifton_DeBerryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evelyn_Reedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarvis_Tynerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gus_Hallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genevieve_Gunderson&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinoishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_of_Columbiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Hobsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States,_1970s)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Spockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinoishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Pulleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Jennesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennesseehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_J._Andersonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Independent_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_G._Schmitzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marylandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._Sargent_Shriverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Dakotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_McGovernhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marylandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiro_T._Agnewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1804http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1800http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jeffersonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1984http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1980http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reaganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_Southhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Southhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_(U.S.)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1808http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1948http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_of_Columbiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusettshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Dakotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_19647/30/2019 United States Presidential Election, 1972 - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
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Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote
Results by state
[33]
States/districts won by Nixon/Agnew
States/districts won by McGovern/Shriver
Richard Nixon
Republican
George McGovern
Democratic
John Schmitz
American IndependentMargin State Total
State electoralvotes
# % electoralvotes
# % electoralvotes
# % electoralvotes
# % #
Alabama 9 728,701 72.43 9 256,923 25.54 - 11,918 1.18 - 471,778 46.89 1,006,093 AL
Alaska 3 55,349 58.13 3 32,967 34.62 - 6,903 7.25 - 22,382 23.51 95,219 AK
Arizona 6 402,812 61.64 6 198,540 30.38 - 21,208 3.25 - 204,272 31.26 653,505 AZ
Arkansas 6 445,751 68.82 6 198,899 30.71 - 3,016 0.47 - 246,852 38.11 647,666 AR
California 45 4,602,096 55.00 45 3,475,847 41.54 - 232,554 2.78 - 1,126,249 13.46 8,367,862 CA
Colorado 7 597,189 62.61 7 329,980 34.59 - 17,269 1.81 - 267,209 28.01 953,884 CO
Connecticut 8 810,763 58.57 8 555,498 40.13 - 17,239 1.25 - 255,265 18.44 1,384,277 CT
Delaware 3 140,357 59.60 3 92,283 39.18 - 2,638 1.12 - 48,074 20.41 235,516 DE
D.C. 3 35,226 21.56 - 127,627 78.10 3 - - - -92,401 -56.54 163,421 DC
Florida 17 1,857,759 71.91 17 718,117 27.80 - - - - 1,139,642 44.12 2,583,283 FL
Georgia 12 881,496 75.04 12 289,529 24.65 - 812 0.07 - 591,967 50.39 1,174,772 GA
Hawaii 4 168,865 62.48 4 101,409 37.52 - - - - 67,456 24.96 270,274 HI
Idaho 4 199,384 64.24 4 80,826 26.04 - 28,869 9.30 - 118,558 38.20 310,379 ID
Illinois 26 2,788,179 59.03 26 1,913,472 40.51 - 2,471 0.05 - 874,707 18.52 4,723,236 IL
Indiana 13 1,405,154 66.11 13 708,568 33.34 - - - - 696,586 32.77 2,125,529 IN
Iowa 8 706,207 57.61 8 496,206 40.48 - 22,056 1.80 - 210,001 17.13 1,225,944 IA
Kansas 7 619,812 67.66 7 270,287 29.50 - 21,808 2.38 - 349,525 38.15 916,095 KS
Kentucky 9 676,446 63.37 9 371,159 34.77 - 17,627 1.65 - 305,287 28.60 1,067,499 KY
Louisiana 10 686,852 65.32 10 298,142 28.35 - 52,099 4.95 - 388,710 36.97 1,051,491 LA
Maine 4 256,458 61.46 4 160,584 38.48 - 117 0.03 - 95,874 22.98 417,271 ME
Maryland 10 829,305 61.26 10 505,781 37.36 - 18,726 1.38 - 323,524 23.90 1,353,812 MD
Massachusetts 14 1,112,078 45.23 - 1,332,540 54.20 14 2,877 0.12 - -220,462 -8.97 2,458,756 MA
Michigan 21 1,961,721 56.20 21 1,459,435 41.81 - 63,321 1.81 - 502,286 14.39 3,490,325 MI
Minnesota 10 898,269 51.58 10 802,346 46.07 - 31,407 1.80 - 95,923 5.51 1,741,652 MN
Mississippi 7 505,125 78.20 7 126,782 19.63 - 11,598 1.80 - 378,343 58.57 645,963 MS
Missouri 12 1,154,058 62.29 12 698,531 37.71 - - - - 455,527 24.59 1,852,589 MO
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Mississippi,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Minnesota,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Michigan,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts,_1972http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Maine,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Louisiana,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Kentucky,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Kansas,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Iowa,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Indiana,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Illinois,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Hawaii,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Florida,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_the_District_of_Columbia,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Colorado,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_California,_1972http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Arkansas,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Arizona,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Alaska,_1972http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Alabama,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sargent_Shriverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_McGovernhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiro_Agnewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon7/30/2019 United States Presidential Election, 1972 - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
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Montana 4 183,976 57.93 4 120,197 37.85 - 13,430 4.23 - 63,779 20.08 317,603 MT
Nebraska 5 406,298 70.50 5 169,991 29.50 - - - - 236,307 41.00 576,289 NE
Nevada 3 115,750 63.68 3 66,016 36.32 - - - - 49,734 27.36 181,766 NV
New
Hampshire4 213,724 63.98 4 116,435 34.86 - 3,386 1.01 - 97,289 29.12 334,055 NH
New Jersey 17 1,845,502 61.57 17 1,102,211 36.77 - 34,378 1.15 - 743,291 24.80 2,997,229 NJ
New Mexico 4 235,606 61.05 4 141,084 36.56 - 8,767 2.27 - 94,522 24.49 385,931 NM
New York 41 4,192,778 58.54 41 2,951,084 41.21 - - - - 1,241,694 17.34 7,161,830 NYNorth
Carolina13 1,054,889 69.46 13 438,705 28.89 - 25,018 1.65 - 616,184 40.58 1,518,612 NC
North Dakota 3 174,109 62.07 3 100,384 35.79 - 5,646 2.01 - 73,725 26.28 280,514 ND
Ohio 25 2,441,827 59.63 25 1,558,889 38.07 - 80,067 1.96 - 882,938 21.56 4,094,787 OH
Oklahoma 8 759,025 73.70 8 247,147 24.00 - 23,728 2.30 - 511,878 49.70 1,029,900 OK
Oregon 6 486,686 52.45 6 392,760 42.33 - 46,211 4.98 - 93,926 10.12 927,946 OR
Pennsylvania 27 2,714,521 59.11 27 1,796,951 39.13 - 70,593 1.54 - 917,570 19.98 4,592,105 PA
Rhode Island 4 220,383 53.00 4 194,645 46.81 - 25 0.01 - 25,738 6.19 415,808 RI
South
Carolina 8 478,427 70.58 8 189,270 27.92 - 10,166 1.50 - 289,157 42.66 677,880 SC
South Dakota 4 166,476 54.15 4 139,945 45.52 - - - - 26,531 8.63 307,415 SD
Tennessee 10 813,147 67.70 10 357,293 29.75 - 30,373 2.53 - 455,854 37.95 1,201,182 TN
Texas 26 2,298,896 66.20 26 1,154,291 33.24 - 7,098 0.20 - 1,144,605 32.96 3,472,714 TX
Utah 4 323,643 67.64 4 126,284 26.39 - 28,549 5.97 - 197,359 41.25 478,476 UT
Vermont 3 117,149 62.66 3 68,174 36.47 - - - - 48,975 26.20 186,947 VT
Virginia 12 988,493 67.84 11 438,887 30.12 - 19,721 1.35 - 549,606 37.72 1,457,019 VA
Washington 9 837,135 56.92 9 568,334 38.64 - 58,906 4.00 - 268,801 18.28 1,470,847 WA
West Virginia 6 484,964 63.61 6 277,435 36.39 - - - - 207,529 27.22 762,399 WV
Wisconsin 11 989,430 53.40 11 810,174 43.72 - 47,525 2.56 - 179,256 9.67 1,852,890 WI
Wyoming 3 100,464 69.01 3 44,358 30.47 - 748 0.51 - 56,106 38.54 145,570 WY
TOTALS: 538 47,168,710 60.67 520 29,173,222 37.52 17 1,100,868 1.42 - 17,995,488 23.15 77,744,027 US
Close States
States where margin of victory was more than 5 percentage points, but less than 10 percentage points (43 electoral votes):
1. Minnesota, 5.51%
2. Rhode Island, 6.19%
3. South Dakota, 8.63%
4. Massachusetts, 8.97%5. Wisconsin, 9.67%
Scandals
Watergate
On June 17, five months before election day, five men broke into the Democratic National Convention headquarters at the Watergate hotel in Washington,
D.C.; the resulting investigation led to the revelation of attempted cover-ups within the Nixon administration. Known as the Watergate scandal, the exposed
corruption cost Nixon public and political support, and he resigned on August 9, 1974, in the face of probable impeachment charges by Congress.
Corporate campaign contributions
As part of the continuing investigation in 197475, Watergate scandal prosecutors offered companies that had given illegal campaign contributions to
Nixon's re-election campaign lenient sentences if they came forward.[34] Many companies complied, including Northrop Grumman, 3M, American Airlines
and Braniff Airlines.[34] By 1976, prosecutors had convicted 18 American corporations of contributing illegally to Nixon's campaign.[34]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braniff_Airlineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3Mhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northrop_Grummanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate_scandalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate_scandalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate_hotelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_National_Conventionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Wyoming,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Wisconsin,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_West_Virginia,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Washington_(state),_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Vermont,_1972http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Tennessee,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Dakota,_1972http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Rhode_Island,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania,_1972http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Oregon,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Oklahoma,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Dakota,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Carolina,_1972http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York,_1972http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico,_1972http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Nevada,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_election_in_Nebraska,_1972&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Montana,_19727/30/2019 United States Presidential Election, 1972 - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
10/11
See also
George McGovern presidential campaign, 1972
Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72, a collection of articles by Hunter S. Thompson on the subject of the election, focusing on the
McGovern campaign.
References
1. ^ "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections" (http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/index.html). uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2012-10-21.
2. ^ "US President - D Primaries" (http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=46950). Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2012-03-16.
3. ^ Jack Anderson (1971-06-04). "Don't count out Ted Kennedy" (http://news.google.com/newspapers?
id=ON9LAAAAIBAJ&sjid=q4oDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5489,4273487&dq=ted+kennedy+presidential+campaign&hl=en). The Free LanceStar. Retrieved 2012-
03-16.
4. ^ Frum, David (2000). How We Got Here: The '70s. New York, New York: Basic Books. p. 298. ISBN 0-465-04195-7.
5. ^ "Muskie, Edmund Sixtus, (1914 - 1996)" (http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M001121). United States Congress .
6. ^ "Remembering Ed Muskie (http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/remember/muskie_3-26.html)", Online NewsHour, PBS, March 26, 1996.
7. ^ R. W. Apple, Jr. (1971-01-18). "McGovern Enters '72 Race, Pledging Troop Withdrawal" (http://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?
res=F30C11F7345C107B93CBA8178AD85F458785F9) (fee required). The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 2012-03-16.
8. ^ Jo Freeman (February 2005). "Shirley Chisholm's 1972 Presidential Campaign"
(http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/polhistory/chisholm.htm). University of Illinois at Chicago Women's History Project.
9. ^ Robert D. Novak (2008). The Prince of Darkness: 50 Years Reporting in Washington (http://books.google.com/books?id=7Cq-v7M6N74C&pg=PA225).
Random House Digital, Inc. p. 225.
10. ^ Nancy L. Cohen (2012). Delirium: The Politics of Sex in America (http://books.google.com/books?id=oSUe4nZO1_YC&pg=PA37). Counterpoint Press .
pp. 3738.11. ^ abcdefghij"D Primaries Race Mar 07, 1972" (http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=46950). US President. Our Campaigns.
Retrieved 2008-09-21.
12. ^ "D Primary Race Mar 21, 1972" (http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=36023). IL US President. Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2008-
09-21.
13. ^ "More Muskie Support" (http://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=F00D16F83C591A7493C7A8178AD85F468785F9). New York Times. 1972-01-
15. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
14. ^ ab "Stephen M. Young" (http://www .ourcampaigns.c om/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=11755). Candidate. Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2008-09-21.
15. ^ ab "Gertrude W. Donahey" (http://www .ourc ampaigns.c om/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=10820). Candidate. Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2008-09-
21.
16. ^ "D Primary Race May 2, 1972" (http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=36076). OH US President. Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2008-
09-21.
17. ^Life So Far: A Memoir Google Books (http://books.google.com/?id=Bb1kkyv9e5wC&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=Friedan+chisholm).
Books.google.com. 2006-08-01. ISBN 978-0-7432-9986-2. Retrieved 2010-05-28.
18. ^ "POV Chisholm '72 . Video: Gloria Steinem reflects on Chisholm's legacy" (http://www.pbs.org/pov/chisholm/special_ticket_02.php). PBS. Retrieved
2010-05-28.
19. ^Terry Sanford: politics, progress ... Google Books (http://books.google.com/?
id=QN93ENX3_3sC&pg=PP4&lpg=PP4&dq=Terry+Sanford+%2B+Johnson+%2B+1972#v=snippet&q=ranch&f=false). Books.google.com. 1999.
ISBN 978-0-8223-2356-3. Retrieved 2010-05-28.
20. ^ "D Convention Race Jul 10, 1972" (http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=58482). US President. Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2008-09-
21.
21. ^ "All Politics: CNN Time. "All The Votes...Really"" (http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1996/conventions/chicago/facts/weird.facts/votes.shtml).
Cnn.com. Retrieved 2010-05-28.
22. ^ Garofoli, Joe (2008-03-26). "Obama bounces back speech seemed to help" (http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?
f=/c/a/2008/03/26/MN9NVQGO2.DTL). Sfgate.com. Retrieved 2010-05-28.
23. ^ McGovern, George S., Grassroots: The Autobiography of George McGovern, New York: Random House, 1977, pp. 214-215
24. ^ McGovern, George S., Terry: My Daughter's Life-and-Death Struggle with Alcoholism, New York: Random House, 1996, pp. 97
25. ^ Marano, Richard Michael, Vote Your Conscience: The Last Campaign of George McGovern, Praeger Publishers, 2003, pp. 7
26. ^The Washington Post, "George McGovern & the Coldest Plunge", Paul Hendrickson, September 28, 1983
27. ^The New York Times, "'Trashing' Candidates" (op-ed), George McGovern, May 11, 198328. ^ http://www.primarynewhampshire.com/new-hampshire-primary-past-results.php
29. ^ "R Primaries Race Mar 07, 1972" (http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=46959). US President. Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2008-09-
21.
30. ^ ab Frum, David (2000). How We Got Here: The '70s. New York, New York: Basic Books. p. 52. ISBN 0-465-04195-7.
31. ^ ab "Libertarians trying to escape obscurity" (http://news .google.com/newspapers?id=q6tVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=A-
EDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3741,7501174&dq=john-hospers+electoral+vote+1972&hl=en). Eugene Register-Guard. Associated Press. December 30, 1973.
Retrieved July 30, 2012.
32. ^ Walker, Jesse (2008-07). "The Age of Nixon: Rick Perlstein on the left, the right, the '60s, and the illusion of consensus"
(http://reason.com/archives/2008/06/10/the-age-of-nixon). Reason. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
33. ^ "1972 Presidential General Election Data - National" (http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?
year=1972&datatype=national&def=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0). Retrieved March 18, 2013.
34. ^ abc Frum, David (2000). How We Got Here: The '70s. New York, New York: Basic Books. p. 31. ISBN 0-465-04195-7.
Bibliography and further reading
Giglio, James N. "The Eagleton Affair: Thomas Eagleton, George McGovern, and the 1972 Vice Presidential Nomination,"Presidential Studies
Quarterly, Dec 2009, Vol. 39 Issue 4, pp 647676
Graebner, Norman A. "Presidential Politics in a Divided America: 1972,"Australian Journal of Politics & History, March 1973, Vol. 19 Issue 1,
pp 2847
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-04195-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Frumhttp://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1972&datatype=national&def=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0http://reason.com/archives/2008/06/10/the-age-of-nixonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Register-Guardhttp://news.google.com/newspapers?id=q6tVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=A-EDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3741,7501174&dq=john-hospers+electoral+vote+1972&hl=enhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-04195-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Frumhttp://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=46959http://www.primarynewhampshire.com/new-hampshire-primary-past-results.phphttp://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/03/26/MN9NVQGO2.DTLhttp://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1996/conventions/chicago/facts/weird.facts/votes.shtmlhttp://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=58482http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-2356-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://books.google.com/?id=QN93ENX3_3sC&pg=PP4&lpg=PP4&dq=Terry+Sanford+%2B+Johnson+%2B+1972#v=snippet&q=ranch&f=falsehttp://www.pbs.org/pov/chisholm/special_ticket_02.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-9986-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://books.google.com/?id=Bb1kkyv9e5wC&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=Friedan+chisholmhttp://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=36076http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=10820http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=11755http://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=F00D16F83C591A7493C7A8178AD85F468785F9http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=36023http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=46950http://books.google.com/books?id=oSUe4nZO1_YC&pg=PA37http://books.google.com/books?id=7Cq-v7M6N74C&pg=PA225http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/polhistory/chisholm.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttp://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=F30C11F7345C107B93CBA8178AD85F458785F9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._W._Apple,_Jr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_NewsHour_with_Jim_Lehrerhttp://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/remember/muskie_3-26.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congresshttp://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M001121http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-04195-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Frumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Free_Lance%E2%80%93Starhttp://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ON9LAAAAIBAJ&sjid=q4oDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5489,4273487&dq=ted+kennedy+presidential+campaign&hl=enhttp://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=46950http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/index.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter_S._Thompsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear_and_Loathing_on_the_Campaign_Trail_%2772http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_McGovern_presidential_campaign,_19727/30/2019 United States Presidential Election, 1972 - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
11/11
Australian Journal of Politics & History, Mar1973, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p28-47
Hofstetter, C. Richard; Zukin, Cliff. "TV Network News and Advertising in the Nixon and McGovern Campaigns,"Journalism Quarterly, Spring
1979, Vol. 56 Issue 1, pp 106152
Nicholas, H. G. "The 1972 Elections,"Journal of American Studies, April 1973, Vol. 7 Issue 1, pp 115
White, Theodore S. The Making of the President, 1972 (1973)
External links
The Election Wall's 1972 Election Video Page (http://electionwall.org/1972.php)
1972 popular vote by counties (http://geoelections.free.fr/USA/elec_comtes/1972.htm)
1972 popular vote by states (http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/u/usa/pres/1972.txt)
1972 popular vote by states (with bar graphs) (http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/datagraph.php?year=1972&fips=0&f=1&off=0&elect=0)
How close was the 1972 election? (http://web.archive.org/web/20120825102042/http://www.mit.edu/~mi22295/elections.html#1972) Michael
Sheppard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Campaign commercials from the 1972 election (http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1972)
C-SPAN segment on 1972 campaign commercials (http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/153283-1)
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