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Part 13

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Week 16, 17, 18 and 19The Atmosphere

• Modules 3, 4, 7 and 8 in AP• The study of the Air and the Atmosphere and how we

measure them

• Movement of the Atmosphere - Air Masses, Winds and Storms

• Weather Prediction

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• Next test: Week 19 T Jan 23/25 - covers the atmosphere and hydrosphere

• Week 20 A Jan 30 - I will be away - analysis exercise

• U of IL - Wx Course

• Lyndon State Course

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Prep Questions• Week 16

– (1) What role does the sun play in causing seasons and the weather?– (2) What is the composition of the air?– (3) What is the role of each component?

• Week 17– (1) What are the 5 layers of the atmosphere?– (2) What is temperature?– (3) What is Ozone hole?

• Week 18 – (1) What factors influence the weather?– (2) What are the weather elements?

• Week 19– (1) What are the factors that cause precipitation?– (2) What are the differences and common characteristics of a

thunderstorm, tornado, hurricane and a nor'easter low pressure system?

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Current Weather ReviewCurrent Weather Review  

 http://hss-1.us/phys-sci/Weather-Information.htmRadar/Sat US Radar

US Radar NWSGoes Sat Page

US Sat IRNRL Sat

US Sat VisNY VIS

Sfc Analysis NWS

Surface Plots

Surface 12 Hour Fcst

Surface 24 Hour Fcst Surface 36 Hour Fcst Surface 48 Hr Fcsts

Emergency CURRENT SVR

Wx RADAR

National Weather Situation Page http://

www.VueTOO.com

Severe Weather Alert Link 

Your Local Forecast  

Local Fcsts Rome NY   43.23°N 75.46°W  Rome Griffiss Airfield

Lat: 43.23   Lon: -75.41   Elev: 504 ft Lat/Lon: 43.23°N 75.46°W   Elevation:482  

BGM Discussion 

Wx Maps NAM GFS 1. GFSx -Upper2.GFSx-MRF-

Precip

Long Range NWS Model

ECMWF CPC Datastreme

Climo SYR CLIMO CLIMO STAT CNY ALB CLIMO  

Other NASA Solar Science

Solar-Sun Spot-Space-Wx

Sun & Moon Rise & Set Tables Moon Phases

Your Sky Start Charts

Tides Maine NOAA Space Wx Forecast Central

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Small Scale dynamics and Regional and Local Scale

Influence on Weather• Scales of Motion and Balance of Forces

– Global - synoptic scale– Mesoscale alpha, beta and gamma– Microscale

• Types of local forcing– Land - water– Terrain– Heat Island and related influences– Islands

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Cascade of Energy Cascade of Energy of Windof Wind

Big whorls have little whorls, Which feed on their velocity; And little whorls have lesser whorls, And so on to viscosity. Lewis Richardson 1922

Big whorls have little whorls, Which feed on their velocity; And little whorls have lesser whorls, And so on to viscosity. Lewis Richardson 1922

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Long WavesJet Streams

“Weather Map”

Scale Low Press Systems Mid-Lat. CyclonesTropical Storms

HurricanesThunderstorm

ComplexesLines, Bands

Thunderstorm Cells

Turbulence

Time Scale Weeks Days Hours Minutes Seconds

Size Scale

2000+ mi

Global

2000 mi

Synoptic (U.S.)

200 mi

Mesoscale (State)

1 mi

Micro

TornadoesDownbursts

1 foot

Note - nor'easter and hurricanes temporarily reverses the flow.

Note - nor'easter and hurricanes temporarily reverses the flow.

Big whorls have little whorls, Which feed on their velocity; And little whorls have lesser whorls, And so on to viscosity. Lewis Richardson 1922

Big whorls have little whorls, Which feed on their velocity; And little whorls have lesser whorls, And so on to viscosity. Lewis Richardson 1922

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Planetary Synoptic Meso Large Meso Small Micro Jet Stream Low Pres Sys Tstm Complex Supercell Turbulence

2K Mi

3.2K-km

2K Mi

3.2K-km

1K Mi

1.6K-km

1K Mi

1.6K-km

500 mi

800 km

500 mi

800 km

100 mi

160 Km

100 mi

160 Km

200 mi

320 km

200 mi

320 km

1 mi

1.6 km

1 mi

1.6 km

10 ft

3 m

10 ft

3 m

NREL VideoNREL Video

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RE

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Monsoons• Seasonal Reversal of winds ( huge land -

sea breeze)– Example India and SW US

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The stability of the air has a great influence on the type and extent of rotor type circulation that develops. The more unstable the more extensive the rotor.

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Microscale Rotors

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Wake Vorticies Downstream of Islands

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End