Aes Bmod Ttt Manual

BMod Training Page 1

BMod Team Training

BMod Manual


Safety performance at AES is good but could be better.The part played by the workforce can be absolutely critical in making a difference. A focus on employee involvement and teamwork is a very important part of AES improvement strategy.

Introduction to BMod


What is BMod?BMod stands for Behaviour Modification. It is an approach to changing behaviour that has been in use for many years.

BMod is a scientific approach – underpinning the BMod process is a sound theoretical base.

BMod is not new to safety – many organisations have used a BMod approach to improve their performance.

The BMod process places a heavy emphasis on people’s goodwill and honesty. Without these qualities behind it, BMod will struggle to make an impact.

BMod is fundamentally a behaviour change process. It focuses on no more than a few behaviours at a time, the aim being to create behaviours that are 100% safe.

BMod is all about creating safe habits – behaviours that everyone does every time almost without thinking.

This is important – investigation into accidents often reveals situations in which people for some reason have chosen to take an unnecessary risk.

This is less likely to be the case with habits – habits are highly resilient to changing conditions.

The BMod aim is simple: more safe habits, less risk, less more safe habits, less risk, less

accidents, less people getting hurt!accidents, less people getting hurt!


BMod principlesPeople choose the behaviours that they anticipate will give them what they value.

Unsafe behaviours are riskier than safe behaviours, but they can often save time, avoid hassle and discomfort.

If we want people to choose safe behaviour, we need to make these behaviours more attractive to them.

This can be done through creating a “safe mentality” which itself gets promoted by a strong safety culture.

However, people are still likely to be inclined to take unnecessary risks so we need to:

• Take away or reduce the benefits people associate with an unsafe behaviour

• Make the safe behaviour easier to do• Ensure that people’s efforts to choose

safe behaviour are recognised


What is involved?BMod works best when it operates in small teams.

The process is managed by the workforce. Managers are there to provide support as and when necessary.

Each team will receive BMod training and it will then be up to them as to how they manage the process.

Some people in the team may take on special responsibility for certain tasks.

When they are ready to begin, the team members select a behaviour to work on.

They then carry out some initial observation – no names involved – to establish the level of compliance – what we refer to as %safe.

If the results of the observation suggest there is a problem (less than 100% compliance), team members carry out some analysis, the aim being to understand why the problem exists.

From this analysis the team, possibly with some help, identify ways to encourage increased compliance. This is a BMod Plan. The aim is to achieve 100%safe – a habit

The team then implement their BMod Plan, and arrange to check whether it is making a difference. This is done by further observation – something everyone in the team is likely to be involved in.

Observations are carried out daily, results being fed back frequently, and the process continues until a sustained pattern of 100%safe scores is achieved.


Team selects a behaviour which is important for safety

Team carries out observations

to establish if there is a problem

Team devises a plan to encourage more of

the safe behaviour

BMod Plan is implemented

Behaviour is measured through

observation

Observation continues until behaviour is 100%safe

1

2

3

4

5

6

The BMod basics


Motivating effortBMod involves people changing their behaviour – and this requires effort.

Within the BMod process we build in 4 ways of encouraging members of the team to make the effort to change:

Part of the BMod Plan typically will involve making the targeted behaviour the “more attractive” option. This is achieved by analysing the reasons why people are less likely to choose the safe behaviour and doing something about these.

1

Once the team knows the starting point with the behaviour – the level of %safe – they can then set a series of small step targets to provide focus on achieving progress. So for example, if observation shows the starting point is 35% safe, then targets can be set at 50%, 75% and 100%.

2

The achievement of these targets can be marked with some form of minor celebration. As an alternative, achieving targets can be linked to a scheme in which money is donated to a good cause (such as a local charity).

3

Everyone, including managers and supervisors, is encouraged to catch people in the act of displaying the safe behaviour and offering some social recognition for making the effort.

4


Who does what in BMod

Team members taking on special responsibility

Rest of the team

Managers, supervisors and team leaders

• Manage the process in their area• Select behaviour (s)• Carry out initial observation• Make the plan, implement• Arrange observers• Provide feedback• Lead review process

• Support the process• Take turns as observers• Join in the review process• Make an effort to change

their own behaviour• Encourage their mates

• Provide tangible support to the team

• Deal with requests from the team in a timely manner

• Take an interest in the process

• Encourage participation• Reward team progress


Lack of management support

Lack of willingness to get involved

Low level of observations

Lack of honesty – unreliable data

Risks to the BMod process

Lack of confidence, fear of blame

Fear is that observing and reporting someone doing something they shouldn’t will lead to reprisals. This needs addressing at the outset.

Words but no follow through. Lack of tangible support (resources), lack of interest. Not responding to reasonable requests for help.

Lack of understanding. Apathy and distrust. Why should I get involved? What’s in it for me?.

Not enough observations carried out to produce a reliable picture as to what is happening.

Lots of data – but it doesn’t reflect what is happening. People just playing a game so as to look good..

Not enough time or resources

The team may feel they don’t have enough time to devote to the process.






Dealing with the risks to BMod?








Dealing with the risks to BMod



Support from the very top. Site managers fully behind the process. BMod standard feature of team meetings .

No names recorded. Emphasis on brother’s keeper. Managers trained as well and operate within the process. Managers trained to coach.

Managers involved in training. Managers accountable for team performance.

Positive approach, personal approach to safety, opportunity to get actively involved. For most people, not a lot to do.

Set targets and provide recognition for involvement. Very simple to do, part of the job.

Missing chance to make a difference. Letting your mates down. Little downside in doing observations – easy to do. Safety requires honesty – dishonesty creates accidents.






the behaviour



observation


1

2

3

4

5

6

BMod step-by-step: Step 1


Team select the behaviour(s)

1. The aim is to select behaviours that if they are not “safe” will impact on safety and for which there is a suspicion that compliance is less than 100%. A good starting place is to use existing data sources (eg near misses, audits, incidents) or use team discussions to identify risky behaviours.

2. Select no more than 3-4 behaviours at a time. In the early stages just work on one. Describe the behaviour in such a way that an observer can judge for certain whether it is being performed or not. In BMod we call this a “pinpointed behaviour” – or pinpoint for short..

Step 1


• Ideally select actions (behaviours) rather than conditions (results of behaviour).

• Select behaviours that make a difference to safety. Start if you can with those that are particularly risky in your area.

• Behaviours typically will be discrete actions but in some situations they could be small tasks - at the very most they should take no more than one or two minutes to perform.

• BMod works best with frequently occurring behaviours. (Infrequent behaviours may need a different approach).

Guidelines for selection of good pinpoints

Once you have selected and described the behaviour, check that your written pinpoint is measurable, observable and represents what it is people should do (safe) rather than what they shouldn’t do (unsafe). A good way to check whether a pinpoint is clear is to show people an example of either safe or unsafe and see if the agree with what they see.


Measurable behavioursHow many of the following would you say we can measure reliably?

• Number of people in the room

• Number of tall people in the room

• Number of people wearing black shoes

• Number of intelligent people

• Number of people sitting safely

• Number of people with dark hair

• Number of people wearing glasses

• Number who write with their left hand

• Number of people who support Portsmouth FC

• Number of people taking this activity seriously


Good or bad pinpoints?

1. Takes extra care when walking down steep stairways

2. Wears hearing protection in designated areas

3. Lifts boxes using good manual handling technique

4. Uses pedestrian crossing when crossing site roads

5. Phones ops manager regularly to discuss safety performance

6. Has a positive conversation about safe behaviour

7. Uses the proper tool for the task

8. Wears protective gloves when using a cutting tool

Which of the descriptions in the box meet the requirement for a good pinpoint?• Can it be observed?• Could you measure it? Is it easy to judge

whether someone is doing it or not?• Does it mean the same thing to everyone? • Does it describe a behaviour that is “safe?

A good pinpoint must satisfy all of the above.


Some pinpoints to get you startedThe following represent some possible starting points. We have selected some relatively generic behaviours.

• Driver wears seatbelt whenever FLT is being operated

• Ear protection is worn in designated ear protection areas at all times

• Lifting equipment is used in line with the instructions in the operating procedures

• Cleaning activity takes place during the working process to keep work surfaces free from unnecessary residue

• Pallets are stacked in accordance with stated safe limits

• Gloves are worn in line with specification in the operating procedure

• Walkways are kept clear of trip hazards


BMod Resource 1.1

Selecting behaviours, writing pinpoints1 Ideas from near misses, audits, incident analysis,

discussions

2 Selected behaviour(s)

3 Pinpointed behaviour(s)


Behaviours Yes No

1

2

3

4

Behaviours

1

2

3

4

Yes No

BMod Resource 1.2

BMod observation cards






the behaviour



observation


1

2

3

4

5

6



BMod Team do initial observations

1. Step 2 involves the team in collecting data through observation for a short period – 5 – 10 days.

2. The aim of this is to produce a “baseline score” – the level at which the behaviour is being performed before a plan is developed.

3. Observations are carried out at this stage perhaps by a few team members acting discretely. The idea is that the other team members will be generally unaware.

4. The observation forms should be collected each day by a member of the team, collated, the %safe level calculated and plotted on a simple graph. (This is done by using a BMod spreadsheet – all that is required is for the observation data to be entered at the end of each shift when observations have been done).

5. At the end of the “baseline” period, the team should review the data collected and decide what to do next – make a BMod Plan or, if the data suggests there is not a problem, choose another behaviour.

Step 2


Behaviours1

2

3

4

Yes NoSafety glasses are worn at all times when in the designated production area

IIII IIWalkways are free of trip hazards IIII IIII

Team members do initial observations

Step 2

1 Team establishes plan to collect baseline data

2 Selected team members carry out daily observations for agreed period

3 Data is collated (total number of Yes and No observations) and entered into BMod spreadsheet

4 Team reviews baseline data and agrees next steps.


Step 2 Key GuidanceAim to achieve:

• A true / reliable picture of the level of compliance with the safe behaviour - the baseline.

Issues to address:

1. How can you observe unobtrusively?

2. Who are going to do the observations? When? How?

3. How many observations per day will you need to aim for?

4. Are there any specific considerations with respect to carrying out the observations - time of day, targeting specific activity etc?

5. What should observers do if they observe an incidence of unsafe behaviour that raises significant concern?

6. How will the baseline data be collated? Who will enter the data into the BMod spreadsheet?

7. When will the team meet to review the baseline data?


BMod Resource 2.1

Plan to collect baseline data

1 Responses to key issues

2 Team’s plan for collecting the baseline data

Pinpointed behaviour:

Start date:End date:

Name of data collator:

Date Team review baseline data:

Other issues:


BMod Resource 2.2

Review of baseline data

1 Copy of baseline data graph from spreadsheet

2 Summary of review

Pinpointed behaviour:

Average %safe?

Behaviour a problem: Yes or No

Agreed next steps:

Make a BMod Plan

Select a different behaviour






the behaviour



observation


1

2

3

4

5

6



Team devises BMod Plan

1. Step 3 is the most crucial step. 2. There are a number of key tasks:

Step 3

3.1 Analyse the problem behaviour

3.2 From the analysis identify things that can be changed

3.3 Establish targets and celebrations

3.4 Establish observation arrangements

3.5 Establish feedback arrangements

3.6 Establish roll out plan3.7 Establish review process

The team will need to allocate time to devise the BMod Plan


Step 3.1: analyse the problem behaviourDevelop understanding and ideas as to why people are not always choosing the safe behaviourQuestions to ask and answer:

• What reasons do people give for not choosing the safe behaviour?

• What mechanisms are in place to encourage the safe behaviour? How effective are these?

• Are there any obstacles that prevent people from always choosing the safe behaviour?

• What happens to people when they choose the unsafe behaviour?

• Does anyone or anything actually encourage choice of the unsafe behaviour? (such as time pressures)

• How easy is it for people to choose the safe behaviour? Could it be made easier?


Understanding the ProblemPinpointed behaviour:

Obstacles that make the safe behaviour difficult to do:

Negative experiences associated with the safe behaviour / positive experiences associated with the unsafe behaviour:

Things already in place to encourage the safe behaviour / discourage the unsafe behaviour:

What is their contribution? Do they make any difference?

BMod Resource 3.1


Step 3.2: identify things that can be changedPlan how you are going to make the pinpointed behaviour easier and more likely to be chosenIssues to address:

• What obstacles are there that prevent people from doing the safe behaviour that could be removed?

• What adjustments to systems, procedures and / or equipment can be made that will make the behaviour easier to do?

• Is there a need for training or demonstration?

• Is there a need to restate or clarify exactly what it is that people should be doing?

• Is there anything else relating to the situation in which the behaviour takes place that might need some attention?

• Who is best placed to help you with these ideas? How are you going to approach them for help?


BMod Resource 3.2

Change PlanPinpointed behaviour:

Remove / reduce the following obstacles:

Make the following changes to procedures, equipment, working conditions etc that will make the safe behaviour easier / a more attractive option:

Put in place the following training, reminders, posters etc to increase understanding and awareness:

Support required to make changesWhat support will you require? Who will you need to talk with to obtain the support? Who is going to do this?


Step 3.3: establish targets and celebrations

Plan how you are going to encourage the people to make the effort to achieve 100% complianceIssues to address:

• How will you go about setting targets? What will the targets be?

• How will you go about identifying celebrations that could be associated with achieving the targets?

• How will individuals who are observed carrying out the safe behaviour be recognised for their efforts?

• How will the team be reinforced for the improvement they make and for achieving targets?

• How will observers be encouraged to carry out observations?


Behaviour Reinforcement

Any individualcaught in the act of being safe

Any team improvement at feedback session (toolbox talk)

Team achieves target

Team achieves 100% Safe

Team achieves 100% Safe for 3 consecutive weeks

BMod Resource 3.3

Recognition and celebrations plan


Step 3.4: establish observation arrangementsAim to achieve:

• Daily observation carried out as part of the normal working activity.

• Enough observations to produce a reliable indication of level of compliance.

Issues to address:

• How many observations per day are required?

• Who is going to carry out the observations? Are they clear about what they have to do?

• When / where will they observe? Is there a need to target observations to catch the behaviours happening?

• Will some people have to do self-observation? If so, how will you set this up?

• Where / how should scorecards be collected? Who will collate the data at the end of each day?

• How should observers react to instances of unsafe behaviour when these are observed?


Step 3.5: establish feedback arrangements

Aim to achieve:

• Daily feedback to all those involved.

• Team reviews of the data and progress at regular team meetings.

Issues to address:

• Who will collate the data and manage the feedback graph? Where will the graph(s) be posted?

• How often should the graphs be updated? (Ideally daily).

• How will the team get involved in talking about the data and problem solving if progress not being made?

• How will the team address the setting targets and in identifying reinforcers / celebrations?


Step 3.6: establish roll out planAim to achieve:

• Simple message, clear description of the behaviour being targeted

• Clear reason for choosing the behaviour – (eg critical impact on safety, baseline data shows less than 100% safe)

• Effective communication – ensure everyone is aware of the new behaviour and when observation will start

Issues to address:

• Who is going to take responsibility for briefing the team and informing management? When?

• Use of posters to highlight current behaviour(s)

• Special theme to generate interest (build in some element of novelty and fun, or link to a local issue – modify the graph to represent some theme eg, monkey climbing up tree to pinch fruit, picture slowly exposed as progress advances, contribution to local church renovation fund etc)


Step 3.7: establish review process

Establish checks for the following:

• Is the number of observations sufficient?

• Is the team getting regular feedback?

• Is progress being discussed by the team on a regular basis?

• Are managers taking an interest in and actively supporting and encouraging the process?

• Is the achievement of targets being sufficiently recognised?

Aim to achieve:

• A team meeting on a regular basis to review the how the process is working – weekly in the early stages of implementation


Changes to work environment, procedures,

equipment etc

Suggested targets

1

2

3

4

CelebrationsClarifying how people should behave (briefing,

posters, training etc)

BMod Resource 3.4

BMod Plan


Observation Feedback

ReviewRoll-out

BMod Resource 3.5

BMod Arrangements






the behaviour



observation


1

2

3

4

5

6



Team discusses the BMod PlanAim for:

• Simple message, clear description of the behaviour being targeted

• Clear reason for choosing the behaviour – (eg critical impact on safety, baseline data shows less than 100% safe)

• Effective communication – ensure everyone is aware of the new behaviour and when observation will start

Issues to address:

• Who is going to take responsibility for briefing the team and informing management? When?

• Use of posters to highlight current behaviour(s)

• Special theme to generate interest (build in some element of novelty and fun, or link to a local issue – modify the graph to represent some theme eg, monkey climbing up tree to pinch fruit, picture slowly exposed as progress advances, contribution to local church renovation fund etc)

Step 4






the behaviour



observation


1

2

3

4

5

6



Team member(s) organise and manage daily observation & feedback

Step 5

Behaviours1

2

3

4

Yes NoHearing protection worn at all times when in the designated production area

IIII IIUses mask and safety glasses when blowing down IIII IIII

1 Team member communicate names of observers and advises on number of observations required2 Observers carry out observations as part of their normal working duties

3 Observation cards are handed in at end of day

4 Team member collates data and enters into spreadsheet

5 Team member places copy of updated graph on display board(s)





Team devise a plan to encourage more of the

behaviour



observation


1

2

3

4

5

6



Team manage the process until safe habit is established

Step 6

Check the following:

• The number of observations carried out

• The collating of the data and provision of feedback

• The level and quality of management support

Review and discuss:

• Progress being made

• Need for any adjustments or changes to the plan

• Need for any changes, adjustments or additional support to promote the success of the process

• Ideas for future pinpoints


Observers carry out daily

observations

Observation cards handed in and data collated

Collate data and update

feedback graph

No. of observations

sufficient?

No

Increase observers? Need to

encourage observers?

Nominate and brief observers, provide BMod

observation cards.

Yes

Progressachieved?

No

Yes

Celebrate achievement.

Habit

Set date for review.Select new behaviour.

Targetachieved?

Yes YesSub target

Recognise achievemen

t

Encourage progress, focus effort on target

No

Discuss reasons,take any corrective

action

BMod in action

BMod Plan


BMod Team Training

BMod Checklist






the safe behaviour



observation


1

2

3

4

5

6

The BMod basics


BMod Checklist?1. Behaviour selected and written as pinpoint

2. Observers identified to collect baseline data, review date set

3. Baseline data collected and collated, entered into spreadsheet

4. Team review baseline data and identify barriers hindering choice of safe behaviour (negative consequences)

5. Team produce action plan designed to discourage unsafe behaviour and encourage safe behaviour

6. Action plan includes identifying any useful antecedents (such as training, visual aids etc) and the means to change the consequences* that follow the safe or unsafe behaviour

* natural, social and tangible consequences


BMod Checklist?

7. Team discuss with management how they might support the action plan

8. Action plan includes specific targets and celebrations associated with achievement of targets

9. Process of collecting data is established – observer rota (if necessary) and data collator identified

10. Feedback and review process established – where will the graphs be displayed?

11. Action plan implemented – observation and review process begins and assesses success of plan

12. Progress discussed at regular team meetings and action plan adjusted as required

* natural, social and tangible consequences

Date post:	19-Jul-2016
Category:	Documents
Upload:	raja-ram
View:	18 times
Download:	1 times

Aes Bmod Ttt Manual

Documents