AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT & TRENDS

Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change

Government of India

Challenges

• Rapid industrialization(MSME Sector)

• Growing number of vehicles

• Construction activities

• Biomass & Stubble burning

• Dust storms & road dust

• DG-sets (Electricity generation)

Air Pollution• Sources :

• Vehicular Pollution (9-20%),• Industrial Pollution (6-9%),• Domestic (3-9%),• Construction Activities (23%),• Road Dust (14-29%),• DG Sets (7-12%).

• No. of Vehicles registered annually:

Annual registration –• 2012-13 - 526257• 2013-14 - 532043• 2014-15 - 590075

• Stubble burning from NCR States mainly in Punjab and Haryana.• Dust from Rajasthan & in winter, calm condition, inversion and

biomass burning.

S. No.

PollutantsTime WeightedAverage

Concentration in Ambient Air

Methods of Measurement

Industrial, Residential, Rural and other Areas

Ecologically Sensitive Area (notified by

Central Government)

1 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), µg/m3

Annual* 50 20 1. Improved West and Gaeke 2. Ultraviolet Fluorescence24 Hours** 80 80

2 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2 ), µg/m3

Annual* 40 30 1. Modified Jacob & Hochheiser (Na-Arsenite) 2. Chemiluminescence

24 Hours** 80 80

3 Particulate Matter (Size <10µm) or PM10 µg/m3

Annual* 60 60 1. Gravimetric 2. TOEM 3. Beta attenuation

24 Hours** 100 100

4 Particulate Matter (Size <2.5 µm) or PM2.5 µg/m3

Annual* 40 40 1. Gravimetric 2. TOEM 3. Beta attenuation

24 Hours ** 60 60

5 Ozone (O3), µg/m3 8 hours** 100 100 1. UV photometric 2. Chemiluminescence 3. Chemical Method

1 hours ** 180 180

6 Lead (Pb), µg/m3 Annual * 0.50 0.50 1. AAS/ICP Method after sampling using EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper2. ED-XRF using Teflon filter

24 Hour** 1.0 1.0

7 Carbon Monoxide (CO), mg/m3 8 Hours ** 02 02 Non dispersive Infra Red (NDIR) Spectroscopy1 Hour** 04 04

8 Ammonia (NH3), µg/m3 Annual* 100 100 1. Chemiluminescence 2. Indophernol blue method 24 Hour** 400 400

9 Benzene (C6H6) , µg/m3 Annual * 05 05 1. Gas chromatography based continuous analyzer

2. Adsorption and Desorption followed by GC analysis

10 Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP)- particulate phase only, ng/m3

Annual* 01 01 Solvent extraction followed by HPLC/GC analysis

11 Arsenic (As), ng/m3 Annual* 06 06 AAS/ICP method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper

12 Nickel (Ni), ng/m3 Annual* 20 20 AAS/ICP method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper

* Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval.** 24 hourly 08 hourly or 01 hourly monitored values, as applicable shall be complied with 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time, they may exceed the limits but not on two consecutive days of monitoring.NOTE: Whenever and wherever monitoring results on two consecutive days of monitoring exceed the limits specified above for the respective category, it shall be considered adequate reason to institute regular or continuous monitoring and further investigation

REVISED NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (NAAQS),Nov 2009

PM 10 LEVELS (Annual)

186

89

250

148

83

119

158

5947

220

168

105

260

125123

93 9790

171

152

104

201

105

134

169

139

64

0

107

9078

125

0

10299

188

83

220

0

89

117

87

145

0

110

61

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Ag

ra

Ah

me

da

ba

d

Alla

hab

ad

Am

rits

ar

Au

ran

ga

ba

d

Ban

galo

re

Bh

op

al

Ch

en

na

i

Co

imb

ato

re

De

lhi

Dh

anb

ad

Far

idab

ad

Gh

azi

ab

ad

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alio

r

Ho

wra

h

Hy

dra

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d

Ind

ore

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ur

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ur

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hp

ur

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n D

om

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Ka

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ur

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nce

ntr

atio

n i

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g/m

3

Million Plus Cities

Figure 3: PM10 levels (annual) in the million plus -2015

Std Line for PM10-60 micro gram per meter cube

NO2 LEVELS (Annual)

2221

26

30

40

20

23

20

25

65

37

74

37

14

43

23

20

28

36

24

53

36

56

34

28 2725

0

25 25

23

42

0

52

62

36

19

36

0

20

58

20

33

0

37

19

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Agr

a

Ahm

edab

ad

Alla

haba

d

Am

rits

ar

Aur

anga

bad

Bang

alor

e

Bhop

al

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nai

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bato

re

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hi

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abad

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r

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apat

nam

Conc

entr

atio

n in

µg/

m3

Million Plus Cities

Figure 2: NO2 levels (annual) in the million plus -2015

Std Line for NO2-40 micro gram per meter cube

SO2 LEVELS (Annual)

4

13

4

1113

63

13

45

1215

23

10

15

4

119

7 6

20

6 7 68

1113

0

4

10

1518

0

2323

1313

19

0

14

28

14

19

0

6

9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Agr

a

Ah

me

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ad

Alla

hab

ad

Am

rits

ar

Au

rang

abad

Ban

galo

re

Bho

pal

Che

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mb

ator

e

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r

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ore

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g/m

3

Million Plus Cities

Figure 1: SO2 levels (annual) in the million plus -2015

Std Line for SO2-50 micro gram per meter cube

LEVELS of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, & NO2

Trend of PM10 in DelhiAir Quality Status(µg/m3) average of 10 yrs (10 Stations)-PM10 = 107-309,

Trend of PM2.5 in DelhiAir Quality Status(µg/m3) average of 06 yrs (10 Stations)-PM 2.5 = 61 -89,

Trend of SO2 in DelhiAir Quality Status(µg/m3) average of 10 yrs (10 Stations)-NOx= 26-94,

The air quality scenario with respect to SO2, NO2 and PM10 in million plus cities is represented in figure 1, 2, and 3

Strategies & Steps Taken• 5 Minister level (April- April, 2016) meetings held• Short Term (3 Months) & Long Term Action Plan

formulated by NCR states.• These action plans being implemented by NCT of Delhi &

NCR States• Action Plans for 95 non-attainment cities• About 2000 industries installed 24x7 emission monitoring

devices.• Strengthening public transport-Metro & Buses• Promotion of Battery operated Vehicles• Universalization of BS-IV by 1st April, 2017• Leapfrogging to BS-VI by 1st April, 2020• Launch of Air Quality Index• Ban on 15 years old commercial vehicles

Strategies & Steps Taken• Extensive use of clean fuels like CNG, LPG & NG• Computerized PUC Management System at 700

centers.• WhatsApp helpline (9717593574) launched for lodging

complaints w.r.t. burning of leaves.• Western Peripheral (KMP) Expressway of 135 kms.,

completed; Eastern Peripheral (KGP) Expressway of 135kms., awarded- Construction will start in March 2016.

• Levy of Environment Compensation Charge (ECC)pursuant to SC order.

• Promotion of gas based Power Plants (about 2000 MWcapacity

Steps for Preventing Stubble BurningHaryana-

• Banned under Air Act vide Notification No.12/6/2003-Env.III dated16.09.2003.

• HARSAC study indicates 20% reduction in stubble burning between 2013and 2014.

Rajasthan-

• Banned under Air Act vide Notification No.F.12(1) Env./2015 dated27.8.2015 .

U.P.-

• Banned burning of crop residue.

Delhi-

• Banned burning of leaves and biomass.

Punjab:

• Banned under Air Act vide Notification No. 946 dated 22.10.2013

• Punjab remote sensing studies of 2014 and 2015 indicate 42.37 %reduction in agriculture residue burning

THANKS