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Apport des mouvements forts et de la g´ eod´ esie ` a l’´ etude de la physique de la rupture sismique : application ` a l’analyse de l’al´ ea sismique Bruno Hernandez To cite this version: Bruno Hernandez. Apport des mouvements forts et de la g´ eod´ esie ` a l’´ etude de la physique de la rupture sismique : application ` a l’analyse de l’al´ ea sismique. G´ eophysique [physics.geo-ph]. Universit´ e Joseph-Fourier - Grenoble I, 2000. Fran¸cais. <tel-00007600> HAL Id: tel-00007600 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007600 Submitted on 2 Dec 2004 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destin´ ee au d´ epˆ ot et ` a la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´ es ou non, ´ emanant des ´ etablissements d’enseignement et de recherche fran¸cais ou ´ etrangers, des laboratoires publics ou priv´ es.
Transcript

Apport des mouvements forts et de la geodesie a l’etude

de la physique de la rupture sismique : application a

l’analyse de l’alea sismique

Bruno Hernandez

To cite this version:

Bruno Hernandez. Apport des mouvements forts et de la geodesie a l’etude de la physique dela rupture sismique : application a l’analyse de l’alea sismique. Geophysique [physics.geo-ph].Universite Joseph-Fourier - Grenoble I, 2000. Francais. <tel-00007600>

HAL Id: tel-00007600

https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007600

Submitted on 2 Dec 2004

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open accessarchive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come fromteaching and research institutions in France orabroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, estdestinee au depot et a la diffusion de documentsscientifiques de niveau recherche, publies ou non,emanant des etablissements d’enseignement et derecherche francais ou etrangers, des laboratoirespublics ou prives.

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a. Annecy earthquake

0

10

20

30

h, k

m

1 2 3 4 5k

2040

60

80

200

200

400

400

600

0 20 40 60increase of misfit on the data compared to the misfit of the the best solution (%)

α = 0.00001

b. Saint-Paul de Fenouillet earthquake

0

10

20

30

h. k

m

1 2 3 4 5k

2040

60

80

200

200 400

600

α = 0.001

c. The Grand-Bornand earthquake

0

10

20

30

h, k

m

1 2 3 4 5k

2040

60

80

200200

400600

α = 0.00001

d. Arudy earthquake

0

10

20

30h,

km

1 2 3 4 5k

2040

200200

400 600

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Rise time, s

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0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90-55

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Slip amplitude, m

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-30

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0

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km

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

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Rupture time, s

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90Distance along strike, km

2.5

5

5

7.510

12.5

Rupture time, s

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90Distance along strike, km

-55

-50

-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

0.02.55.07.5

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SARdata

static study: - Slip distribution - Uniqueness of the solution - Spatial resolution

GPSdata

Strong motionseismograms

genetic algorithm

and least squares

inversion

frequency domain inversion Cotton and Campillo, [1995]

kinematic study : - Rise time and rupture time (strong variation allowed) - Slip distribution determined in the static study - Rupture front velocity variation

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0

2

4

6

0

2

4

6

0

2

4

6Top of the faults

South North

0

2

4

6

Slip

, m

0

2

4

6

Slip

, m

Middle of the faults

0

2

4

6

0 10 20 30 40 50 60Distance from epicenter, km

0

2

4

6

0 10 20 30 40 50 60Distance from epicenter, km

Bottom of the faults

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No smoothing constraint (l = 0 km)

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

1

1

1

2

2

2

3

3

3

4

4455

No smoothing constraint (l = 0 km)

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

No smoothing constraint (l = 0 km)

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

Correlation length = 5 km

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

11

2

233

3 4

4

5

Correlation length = 5 km

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

Correlation length = 5 km

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

Correlation length = 10 km

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

0 70

1

1

23

4

Correlation length = 10 km

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

0 70

Correlation length = 10 km

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

0 700 1 2 3 4 5 6

Surface slip Slip, m

0

2

4

6

8

Slip

, m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance from epicenter, km

Surface slip Slip, m

0

2

4

6

8

Slip

, m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance from epicenter, km

Surface slip Slip, m

0

2

4

6

8

Slip

, m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance from epicenter, km

Surface slip Slip, m

0

2

4

6

8

Slip

, m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance from epicenter, km

Surface slip Slip, m

0

2

4

6

8

Slip

, m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance from epicenter, km

Surface slip Slip, m

0

2

4

6

8

Slip

, m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance from epicenter, km

Surface slip Slip, m

0

2

4

6

8

Slip

, m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance from epicenter, km

Surface slip Slip, m

0

2

4

6

8

Slip

, m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance from epicenter, km

l = 0 km

l = 5 km

l = 10 km

Observed slip

0

10

20

30

40

50

Cou

nt (

406

poin

ts)

-20 0 20

l = 0 km= 2.7 cmσ

-20 0 20Misfit with SAR data, cm

l = 5 km= 2.8 cmσ

-20 0 20

l = 10 km= 3.4 cmσ

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Slip amplitude, m

-15

-10

-5D

epth

, km

1

1

2

2

3

3

3

4

44 5

Slip amplitude, m

-15

-10

-5D

epth

, km

Slip amplitude, m

-15

-10

-5D

epth

, km

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

m

Resolution, %

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

75

Resolution, %

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

Resolution, %

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

0

25

50

75

100

%

Standard deviation, m

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance from epicenter, km

0.250.50.75

Standard deviation, m

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance from epicenter, km

Standard deviation, m

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance from epicenter, km

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

m

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th, k

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Slip amplitude, m

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th, k

m

0

1

2

3

4

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th, k

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Standard deviation, m

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th, k

m

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Standard deviation, m

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th, k

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0.00

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−80 −60 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80−40

−20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Distance from epicenter, km

Dis

tanc

e fr

om e

pice

nter

, km

Observed

Synthetics

50 cm GPS stations

Fault trace

Epicenter

6050

6052

6054

6056

6058

6060

70007001

7002

7007

AMBO

BEAR

CHER

DUMP

GODW

HECT

HIGH

LAZY

LUCSMAUM

MEEK

MILL

MILU

ONYX

POIN

SAND

SOAP

STIM

WIDE

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Slip amplitude, m

-15

-10

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, km

1

2

2

3

Slip amplitude, m

-15

-10

-5D

epth

, km

Slip amplitude, m

-15

-10

-5D

epth

, km

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

m

Resolution, %

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

75

Resolution, %

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

Resolution, %

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

0

25

50

75

100

%

Standard deviation, m

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

0.5

0.75

Standard deviation, m

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Standard deviation, m

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

m

Surface right-lateral strike slip

0

2

4

6

8

Slip

am

plitu

de, m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance from epicenter, km

Surface right-lateral strike slip

0

2

4

6

8

Slip

am

plitu

de, m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance from epicenter, km

0

10

20

30

40

50

Cou

nt (

406

poin

ts)

-20 0 20Misfit with SAR data, cm

= 3.3 cmσ

0

2

4

6

Cou

nt (

58 p

oint

s)

-40 -20 0 20 40Misfit with GPS data, cm

= 7.7 cmσ

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JMDFLO>B�Cp , �C�Vp�x;zF[e?\QO>/RXG&NMLV^@HyzF>/QO>/LONMJM>/TF>/[IQ]oZ¥\^M?\TFNMQWNMS&?]>/LOnP>@AX[IT7GFLO>/nC[INMD&?\[ITCnP>/LV?][INMT&?;S&>@_/^@D&?]>N f�QOzF>jQOLV^MAC> �hN v S&>/Q#¥;>/>/T-QOzF>B?]HI[IG9^@RXGFHI[IQOD&AC>j^@T&A-QO>/RXG&NMLV^@H�G&^@LV^@RX>/QO>/LV?\^M?6¥;>/HIH�^M?%QOzF>jQONPN �?]R7^@HIHynM^@LO[e^@QO[INMT�N f�QOzF>jLODFGFQODFLO>�f�LONMTCQWnP>/HINC_U[IQ]oXJM>/TF>/LV^@HIHIo-^@HIHIN�¥;>@A�p�x;zF>BS&>@?]Qws QV?%QONXQOzF>3AF^@QV^^@LO>KNMSFQV^@[ITF>@AP¥\[IQOz7^@T-[ITF[IQO[e^@Hy_UNMT&?]QV^@TCQ\LODFGFQODFLO>KnP>/HINC_U[IQ]oBS&>/Q#¥;>/>/T7�Cp��B^@T&A-�@�CRU§@?Up¡;^@HIDF>@?"[ITQOzF[e?;LV^@TFJM>:¥;>/LO>6¥;>/LO>K?]DFJMJM>@?]QO>@A7SCo-k"NMzF>/>K>/QG ;>/LON � ^X{ ,�./. �P^P�Vp�x;zF>KLO>@?]DFHIQ;NMSFQV^@[ITF>@AP¥\[IQOz7^@T[ITF[IQO[e^@H;�P�CRU§@?WLODFGFQODFLO>�f�LONMTCQjnP>/HINC_U[IQ]o-[e?K?]zFN�¥\T NMT ��[IJMDFLO>X�Cp ,/| p�\aT�QOzF[e?K>/EF^@RXGFHI>PY&QOzF>3LO[e?]>QO[IRX>K^@T&A7QOzF>jLODFGFQODFLO>jQO[IRX>W^@LO> f�LO>/>KQONXnM^@LOo7N@nP>/L%^[¥\[eAC>KLV^@TFJM>3^@LONMDFT&A-[ITF[IQO[e^@H�nM^@HIDF>@?\N f��X?^@T&AX^B�:�CRU§@?�LO>@?]G&>@_UQO[InP>/HIoPpMx;zF>W^/nP>/LV^@JM>ws T&^@H�LO[e?]>%QO[IRX>\[e?�N f QOzF>WNMLVAC>/L;N f �KQONj�3?UpCx;zF>WQO[IRX>GFLONMJMLO>@?O?][INMT3N f QOzF>\LODFGFQODFLO>\[e?�nP>/LOojzF>/QO>/LONMJM>/TF>/NMD&?�NMT3QOzF> fh^@DFHIQ"^@HINMTFJjS&NMQOz3QOzF>%?]QOLO[��P>\^@T&A3AC[IGAC[ILO>@_UQO[INMTypPx;zF>WLO>@?]NMHIDFQO[INMTXN f QOzF>W[ITCnP>/LV?][INMT3AC>@_ULO>@^M?]>@?M¥\[IQOz7AC>/GFQOzypCx;zF>WQO>/RXG&NMLV^@H&G&^@LV^@RX>/QO>/LV?^@LO>j^@He?]N3S&>/QOQO>/L\LO>@?]NMHInP>@A3[IT7He^@LOJM>B?]HI[IG � NMTF>@?Upx;zF[e?3[ITCnP>/LV?][INMT ?]zFN�¥%?X^�?]QOLONMTFJ�nM^@LO[e^@QO[INMTmN f QOzF>-LODFGFQODFLO>-nP>/HINC_U[IQ]o ACDFLO[ITFJ�QOzF>-LODFGFQODFLO>

GFLONC_U>@?O?Up�l\QjQOzF>3QONMG N f QOzF> fh^@DFHIQ/YT¥\zF>/LO>XG&^@LV^@RX>/QO>/LV?K^@LO>XS&>/QOQO>/LB_UNMT&?]QOLV^@[ITF>@A�Y fh^M?]QBLODFGFQODFLO>nP>/HINC_U[IQO[I>@?;{ TF>@^@LOHIoBzFNMLO[ � NMTCQV^@H�QO[IRX> � AC[e?]QV^@T&_U>%_UNMTCQONMDFL;[ITX��[IJMDFLO>K�Cp , �P�"_UNM[IT&_U[eAC>,¥\[IQOz7^ � NMTF>WN fzF[IJMz7?]HI[IGypPx;zF>WLODFGFQODFLO>wf�LONMTCQ;^M_/_U>/HI>/LV^@QO>@?2¥\zF>/TX[IQ">/T&_UNMDFTCQO>/LV?"^KzF[IJMz � ?]HI[IG � NMTF>K^@T&AXAC>@_ULO>@^M?]>@?¥\zF>/T�[IQj>/T&_UNMDFTCQO>/LV?KLO>@?][e?]QV^@T&_U>Pp�x;zF>XLODFGFQODFLO>7_/^@T >/[IQOzF>/LKJMN�^@LONMDFT&A ^-LO>@?][e?]QV^@TCQB^@LO>@^�{ >Pp JFpIYQOzF>-?]z&^@HIHIN�¥�LO>@?][e?]QV^@TCQ3^@LO>@^-HINC_/^@QO>@A , ���CR�TFNMLOQOz N fwQOzF>7>/GF[e_U>/TCQO>/LKS&>/Q#¥;>/>/T , p | ^@T&A ���7[IT��[IJMDFLO>X�Cp ,/| �WNMLKLO>@?]QV^@LOQB^�f�QO>/Lj^7S&^@LOLO[I>/L3{a^XTF>�¥�GFDFHe?]>3N f LODFGFQODFLO>X^@GFG&>@^@LV?jNMT�QOzF>X?]T&^@G&?]zFNMQ�����Pp | ?\NMT9��[IJMDFLO>K�Cp ,/| �Vp��[IJMDFLO>-�Cp , �7GFLO>@?]>/TCQV?jQOzF>7nM^@HIDF>@?jN fwQOzF>7G&^@LV^@RX>/QO>/LV? f�NMDFT&A f�NMLB>@^M_Vz�?]DFS fh^@DFHIQBD&?][ITFJ�^@T[ITF[IQO[e^@HCLODFGFQODFLO>\nP>/HINC_U[IQ]oKN f �Cpb�6�CRU§@?�^@T&A3^WLO[e?]>\QO[IRX>">@ZPD&^@HFQONj�K?UpPx;zF>\LODFGFQODFLO> f�LONMTCQ"[ITF[IQO[e^@QO>@?

[ITBQOzF>%?]NMDFQOzF>/LOTBG&^@LOQ"N fuQOzF> } NMzFT&?]NMTZ¡;^@HIHI>/o fh^@DFHIQ/YM^@T&AB[IQV?�nP>/HINC_U[IQ]oW[IT&_ULO>@^M?]>@?y[ITBQOzF>\RX[eAFACHI>"N fQOzF>ws LV?]Q%?]>/JMRX>/TCQ/Yx¥\zF>/LO>WQOzF>ws LV?]Q\zF[IJMz � ?]HI[IG � NMTF>W[e?;NMS&?]>/LOnP>@A�pCx;zF>KLODFGFQODFLO> f�LONMTCQ\?]HIN�¥%?\^M?;[IQLO>@^M_VzF>@?�QOzF>%TFNMLOQOzF>/LOT3HI[IRX[IQyN f QOzF> } NMzFT&?]NMTP¡;^@HIHI>/o fh^@DFHIQM¥\zF>/LO>W?]HI[IGBQOLV^@T&? f�>/LV?�QONjQOzF>%?]NMDFQOzF>/LOT�%NMRX>@?]QO>@^MA6¡;^@HIHI>/o fh^@DFHIQ/pMx;zF[e?�AC>@_ULO>@^M?]>;N fuS&NMQOz3?]HI[IGB^@RXGFHI[IQOD&AC>;^@T&ABLODFGFQODFLO>�f�LONMTCQ�nP>/HINC_U[IQ]oW^@QQOzF> ��DFT&_UQO[INMTXN f QOzF>KQ#¥;N�fh^@DFHIQV?�¥\^M?\^@He?]NBNMS&?]>/LOnP>@AXSCoZ¦�^@HeAX>/Q\�%>@^@QONMT�{ ,�./. �C�KpFx;zF>KLODFGFQODFLO>f�LONMTCQWQOzF>/T9^M_/_U>/HI>/LV^@QO>@?\^@JP^@[ITyY�¥\[IQOzF[IT-QOzF>3?]z&^@HIHIN�¥He^@LOJM>3?]HI[IG � NMTF>jHINC_/^@QO>@A9^@QK^@LONMDFT&A-�P�Z�CR

� � ��(��� �������q���q������ ��� ! �����M����� ������������� � ! ������� � ���

Rupture development at the top of the faults

0

10

20

30

Rup

ture

tim

e, s

2 km.s -1

3 km.s -1

5 km.s -1

6 Starting models:

Rupture Velocity (km.s -1)

2.5 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.0

Rise Time (s)

3.03.03.02.04.05.0

Inversions results:

Begining of the slip

0

5

Ris

e tim

e, s

0

2

4

6

8

Slip

am

plitu

de, m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance from epicenter, km

0

2

4

6

8

Slip

am

plitu

de, m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance from epicenter, km

0

2

4

6

8

Slip

am

plitu

de, m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance from epicenter, km

0

2

4

6

8

Slip

am

plitu

de, m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance from epicenter, km

Slip model deduced from geodesy Observed slip

egf9hC.M�Cp , � / �g79:'46H ��46HIF'>E;C8 z 39?�>LQ�358KB U0DKF�B�35F�D@>�3579A�>g4�:'<G39?�>LQ5A=79<�<�H�> U�DK7I; >-3579A�> z|8�D�;�F�B�>KD � ��7946H;�F�m z|4�F�H^39;�8�mK354�79:�>E<�z|8�DG;�7IP%79: � >KDE;�798�:�; �-7�39?$<�7 ��>KD@>K:�3C79:'7�357946H�3S>KACB'8�DE46H ��46HIF'>E; W-v�P �K>5B�3 z|8�DL39?�>A=8 <�>@H �-7�39? 4�: 79:'7�357946HG?'7^� ? DKF�B�35F�D@> � >@HI8���7�35xyQ ��W � �6A��'; Uo¤ ��>n8�m@; >KD�� >$4n��8 8 < �@8�DKD@>@HI4635798�:mK>@3 ��>@>K:�39?�>GDKF�B�35F�D@>�� >@HI8���7�35x�Q9;KHI8KB�>G79:%39?�>G358KB���DE4KB'? U 4�:'<�39?�>O;KHI7 B$4�ACB�HI7�35F�<�>�Q5m@863�358�A UXW ?�>DKF�B�35F�D@> z|DE8�:�3G4����K>@H�>KDE463S>E; ��?�>K:�7�3L>K: �@8�F�:�3S>KDE;%4%;KHI7 Bq4 ;SB�>KDK7�35x�4�:'<�;KHI8���; ��?�>K:�4_D@>E;�7I;K354�: �K>8�����F�DE; W

�� � � ! &(��� ������� #�! � ���� ��� ��"!$# � ! �����%���_������� ������M& ������ ��������������M����������� # �'&(���������

0 - 1.5 seconds0 - 1.5 seconds0 - 1.5 seconds

1.5 - 3 seconds

-10

Dep

th, k

m

1.5 - 3 seconds

-10

Dep

th, k

m

1.5 - 3 seconds

-10

Dep

th, k

m

3 - 4.5 seconds

0.5

0.5

3 - 4.5 seconds3 - 4.5 seconds

4.5 - 6 seconds

-10D

epth

, km

4.5 - 6 seconds

-10D

epth

, km

4.5 - 6 seconds

-10D

epth

, km

6 - 7.5 seconds6 - 7.5 seconds6 - 7.5 seconds

7.5 - 9 seconds

-10

Dep

th, k

m

7.5 - 9 seconds

-10

Dep

th, k

m

7.5 - 9 seconds

-10

Dep

th, k

m

9 - 10.5 seconds

0.51

9 - 10.5 seconds9 - 10.5 seconds

10.5 -12 seconds

-10

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance, km

11.5

10.5 -12 seconds

-10

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance, km

10.5 -12 seconds

-10

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance, km

12 - 13.5 seconds

-10

Dep

th, k

m

12 - 13.5 seconds

-10

Dep

th, k

m

12 - 13.5 seconds

-10

Dep

th, k

m

13.5 - 15 seconds13.5 - 15 seconds13.5 - 15 seconds

15 - 16.5 seconds

-10

Dep

th, k

m

15 - 16.5 seconds

-10

Dep

th, k

m

15 - 16.5 seconds

-10

Dep

th, k

m

16.5 - 18 seconds16.5 - 18 seconds16.5 - 18 seconds

18 - 19.5 seconds

-10

Dep

th, k

m

18 - 19.5 seconds

-10

Dep

th, k

m

18 - 19.5 seconds

-10

Dep

th, k

m

t > 19.5 secondst > 19.5 secondst > 19.5 seconds

Johnson Valley F.Homestead Valley F.

Emerson & Camp-Rock F.

South NorthTotal slip

-10

Dep

th, k

m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance, km

0.5 4

Total slip

-10

Dep

th, k

m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance, km

Total slip

-10

Dep

th, k

m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance, km

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0Slip, m

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1020

3040

5060

70

24

68

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46

8S

lip, m

-100

1020

3040

5060

70

0

10

20

30

Time, s

1

1

1

22

2

3

3

3

44

5

-100

1020

3040

5060

70

Distance from epicenter, km

0

10

20

30

Time, s

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Rise time, s

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

Rise time, s

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m 2.4

1.4

3.4

2.3

1.5

3.0

3.5

3.8

2.7

1.3

2.7

2.5

3.5

4.4

2.7

3.9

2.9

1.9

4.3

1.8

2.1

3.7

4.5

1.5

2.7

3.7

2.8

4.2

3.5

1.6

4.0

1.4

1.7

3.7

2.1

3.2

2.7

4.2

2.6

3.6

1.8

2.7

1.6

2.6

0.9

2.4

2.5

2.6

Slip, m

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

Slip, m

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m 0.0

-0.1

-0.2

0.1

1.8

4.1

3.1

1.7

0.1

0.7

2.8

-0.1

1.8

6.1

0.0

4.3

3.1

0.6

3.0

3.0

-0.1

2.8

5.4

-0.1

5.1

4.6

0.0

6.7

5.5

2.1

4.6

2.5

-0.2

5.2

3.6

-0.2

1.7

2.3

-0.2

1.3

0.5

0.0

0.7

0.0

1.3

0.0

-0.1

0.0

Rupture time, s

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance from epicenter

Rupture time, s

-15

-10

-5

Dep

th, k

m

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Distance from epicenter

2.6

2.3

4.0

2.1

2.6

1.2

-0.8

-0.1

0.1

1.4

2.4

2.4

0.2

4.2

3.6

3.8

7.6

4.6

5.8

9.8

7.1

9.6

8.0

7.6

11.4

9.5

10.0

13.1

10.2

12.5

15.1

12.9

14.6

13.8

15.7

16.3

15.8

18.1

18.2

19.3

17.7

18.3

17.0

19.9

20.0

21.0

19.8

21.7

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SAR inversion

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0.2

0.4

SAR inversion

-5

0

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M2

GPS inversion

-5

0

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0.4

GPS inversion

-5

0

0 5

M3

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M19

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0.6-5

0

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M20

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0

0 5

0.2

0.4

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-5

0

0 5 10

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.60.8

Combined inversion

-5

0

0 5 10

M1

SAR inversion

-5

0

0 5 10

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.40.6

0.8

SAR inversion

-5

0

0 5 10

M2

GPS inversion

-5

0

0 5 10

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.4 0.4

0.4

0.6

0.6

0.8

0.8

GPS inversion

-5

0

0 5 10

M3

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

-5

0

0 5 10

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8-5

0

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M4

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0.20.2 0.4

0.6

-5

0

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M5

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0

0 5 10

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.6

0.8

0.8

-5

0

0 5 10

M6

-5

-4

-3

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-1

-5

0

0 5 10

0.2

0.20.2

0.4

0.4

0.60.8

-5

0

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M7

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0.2

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M8

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0.2

0.2

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0.8

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M9

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0.2

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0.4

0.6

0.8-5

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M10

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0.20.2 0.4

0.6

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0

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M11

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0

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0.2

0.2

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.6

0.8

0.8

-5

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M12

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Dep

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-5

0

0 5 10

0.2

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0.60.8-5

0

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M13

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0

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0.2

0.2 0.4

0.6

-5

0

0 5 10

M14

-5

0

0 5 10

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.6

0.8-5

0

0 5 10

M15

-6

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-4

-3

-2

-1

-5

0

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0.20.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

-5

0

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M16

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0.2

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0.6

-5

0

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M17

-5

0

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0.2

0.2

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.6

0.8

0.8

-5

0

0 5 10

M18

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

-5

0

0 5 10

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6

-5

0

0 5 10

M19

-5

0

0 5 10Distance along strike, km

0.2

0.2

0.40.6

-5

0

0 5 10Distance along strike, km

M20

-5

0

0 5 10

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.6

0.8

0.8-5

0

0 5 10

M21

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

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-5

0

Dis

tanc

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dip,

km

0 5 10Distance along strike, km

0.2

0.20.2

0.2 0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.60.

6

0.6

0.8

0.8

0.8

09h40 event

-5

0

Dis

tanc

e al

ong

dip,

km

0 5 10Distance along strike, km

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

Dep

th, k

m

00h33 event

-5

0

Dis

tanc

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ong

dip,

km

0 5Distance along strike, km

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.4

0.6

00h33 event

-5

0

Dis

tanc

e al

ong

dip,

km

0 5Distance along strike, km

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

Dep

th, k

m

36 GPS components

0

2

4

6

8

10

-100 0 100Misfit, mm

= 0.0 mmµ

= 13 mmσ

194 SAR points

0

5

10

15

20

25

Num

ber

-100 0 100Misfit, mm

=-100 mmµ

=117 mmσ

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-5

0

Dis

tanc

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dip,

km

0 5 10Distance along strike, km

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.60.8

09h40 event

-5

0

Dis

tanc

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ong

dip,

km

0 5 10Distance along strike, km

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

Dep

th, k

m

00h33 event

-5

0

Dis

tanc

e al

ong

dip,

km

0 5Distance along strike, km

0.2

0.2

0.40.6

00h33 event

-5

0

Dis

tanc

e al

ong

dip,

km

0 5Distance along strike, km

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

Dep

th, k

m

36 GPS components

0

2

4

6

8

10

-100 0 100Misfit, mm

= -1.6 mmµ

= 42 mmσ

194 SAR points

0

5

10

15

20

25

Num

ber

-100 0 100Misfit, mm

= -1.0 mmµ

= 16 mmσ

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-5

0D

ista

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alon

g di

p, k

m

0 5 10Distance along strike, km

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.6

0.8

0.8

09h40 event

-5

0D

ista

nce

alon

g di

p, k

m

0 5 10Distance along strike, km

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-4

-3

-2

-1

Dep

th, k

m

00h33 event

-5

0

Dis

tanc

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dip,

km

0 5Distance along strike, km

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.4

0.6

00h33 event

-5

0

Dis

tanc

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ong

dip,

km

0 5Distance along strike, km

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

Dep

th, k

m

36 GPS components

0

2

4

6

8

10

-100 0 100Misfit, mm

= -3.1 mmµ

= 32 mmσ

194 SAR points

0

5

10

15

20

25

Num

ber

-100 0 100Misfit, mm

= -8.4 mmµ

= 24 mmσ

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12˚ 30' 12˚ 45' 13˚ 00' 13˚ 15'

43˚ 00'

43˚ 15'

5.76

5 cm

GPSData

Model M9

0 10 20km

COLF

BEVA

CROC

CAPA

CSAN

FOLI

GAIF

OGAT

PENN

RIVO

TPAR

VISS

10˚ 15˚

40˚

45˚

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DInSAR data

43˚ 00'

43˚ 05'

5.76.0

Model M8

12˚ 45' 12˚ 50' 12˚ 55'

Residual

0 5 10km

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0940 event

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5

Top of the fault (0 - 1.5 km)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

Slip

am

plitu

de, m

0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5

Middle of the fault (1.5 - 3 km)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5Distance, km

Bottom of the fault (3 - 4.5 km)

0033 event

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5Distance, km

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5.7 6.0

5.65.6

12˚ 30' 12˚ 45' 13˚ 00'

42˚ 45'

43˚ 00'

43˚ 15'

AS010

BVG

CLF

CSA

GBP

MTL

NCR

CERT

Assisi Stallone

Bevagna

Castelnuovo Assisi

Gubbio Piana

Matelica

Nocera Umbra

Cerreto di Spoleto

ANNI

COLF

NORA

FOL

CSC

Annifo

Colfiorito

Norcia

Foligno

Cascia0 10 20

km

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Rise time, s

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0

0 5

1

Rise time, s

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0

0 5

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

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0.25

0.50

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1.25

1.50

s

Slip amplitude, m

-5

0

Dis

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dip,

km

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0.2

0.2

0.4

0.4

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Slip amplitude, m

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0

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tanc

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dip,

km

0 5

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-5

-4

-3

-2

Dep

th, k

m

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

m

Rupture time, s

-5

0

0 5Distance along strike, km

Rupture time, s

-5

0

0 5Distance along strike, km

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

0

1

2

3

4

5

s

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Rise time, s

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0

0 5

0.5

0.750.75

1

1

1

Rise time, s

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0

0 5

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-5

-4

-3

0.000.250.500.751.001.251.50

s

Slip amplitude, m

-5

0

Dis

tanc

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dip,

km

0 5

0.2

0.4

0.40.4

0.60.6

0.6

0.6

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

Slip amplitude, m

-5

0

Dis

tanc

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ong

dip,

km

0 5

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-5

-4

-3

Dep

th, k

m

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

m

Rupture time, s

-5

0

0 5Distance along strike, km

1

2

Rupture time, s

-5

0

0 5Distance along strike, km

-6

-5

-4

-3

0

1

2

3

4

5

s

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120Distance, km

3.00 3.75 4.50 5.25 6.00 6.75 7.50Magnitude

272 measurements

Regression: Duration = e (-1.04 + 0.44 x Magnitude + 0.19 * ln(Distance) + 0.04 x Soil)

Duration deduced from dataDuration computed using the regression

Data set: California+Italy (0.5-10Hz) (5-95%)

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