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Anc ient GreekArch i tec tu re

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Ear ly Greek Civ i l i zat ions -

Mycenaeans

Lions Gate

Cyclopean

structure

Gates around

all their cities

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Bas is o f Greek Arc h i t ec t ureThe Temple

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A c loser look a t t he par t s o f a t em p le

Pediment

Frieze

Capital

Column

Shaft

Base

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The bot t om of t he Tem ple Capital

Connecting piece betweenshaft and “cross beam”

Column/Greek order  Of which there are threekinds…doric, ionic andcorinthian

Base Consists of a foundation

and steps on the outside

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The t op o f t he t em ple

Pediment – the middle of 

the triangle – usually

decorated

Frieze – can be of a

plain or ornate design –

it is the top horizontal

supporting beam

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Dor ic Colum ns

The plainest of all

columns

It tapers slightly as it

gets higher 

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Ion ic Colum ns

The “medium

ornate” columns

Looks like anelaborate “I” or a

ram’s horn

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TEMPLE OF ATHENA NIKE

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Cor int h ian Colum ns The MOST elaborate of all the columns

Tends to look like a firework going off, producing lots of leavesand flowers

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 TEMPLE TO OLYMPIAN ZEUS

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ERECTHEUM

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PORCH OF THE MAIDENS

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Im por t ant Ideas o f  

Temples

It’s allliiiivvvvveeeeee!

Similarity to human body

It flows

It’s perfect!!!..the model for all of westernarchitecture Measured units – the bottom radius of the

column…uses the golden rectangle All other work was based off that number 

Greeks ♥ Being outside – it’s all OPEN

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Golden Mean

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Im por t ant GreekSt ruc t ures you should

be ab le t o ident i fy

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The Par t henon (a t t he

Acropo l is )

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Ac ropol is Plan

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The Acropol is as a w hole – a for t i f i ed

agora on a h i l l t op

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AMPHITHEATERS…

Theater of Dionysus, Athens

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The Theat er a t Epidaurus

perfect acoustics

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Modern DayConnect ions:

Buildings that use the Greek model

for architecture

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The NY Stock Exchange

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The New York City Hall Building

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The US Supreme Court Building

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QUINCY MARK ET (Bost on,

MA)– Uses t he agora s t y le

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Greek Arc h i t ec t u re

Conclus ion

Architecture thus is part of the Western

heritage of ideas that the Greeks began

and which we still use today

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GREEK SCULPTURE

Archaic Period: 900-500 B.C.

Classical Period: 500-350 B.C.

Hellenistic Period: 350-100 B.C.

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TWO TYPES OF

SCULPTURE…

in the round

in relief 

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Archaic Sculpture:

• Stiff  

• Blocky

• Arms at sides (males)• Stylized

• Weight evenly balanced

• Left foot forward• Archaic smile

• Male/kouros; female/kore

• Males usually nude,females clothed

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archaic

• Kouros

• 525 B.C.

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KORE

• females usually clothed

• one outstretchedarm to offer something

to the gods

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THE TRANSITION…

Classical.• The Charioteer of 

Delphi• 470 B.C.

• bronze

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Transition: severe style.. Poseidon/Zeus

c. 460 B.C.

Found by fishermen

in 1928

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Class ic a l Sc ulp t ure 7 heads tall

Perfect

Natural, not realistic

No emotion on face

Classical profile

Before or after theaction

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• “Diadoumenos”

• 430 B. C.• Attributed to

Polykleitos

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Class ica l

..Hermes with the

infant Dionysus

..attributed to Praxiteles

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Hellenistic

• NIKE OF 

 SAMOTHRACE 

• “WINGED VICTORY”

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Hellenistic

• The Old Market

Woman

• Metropolitan Museum

of Art

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Conclusion:

The Romans conquered the Greeks in the

1st century B.C., and took many examples of 

Greek sculpture back to Rome to decorateboth public and private spaces. The Greek

ideals were copied by the Romans, who

spread them all over the Mediterraneanworld.