AYSO Region 1447 Regional Referee Training

Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 1

AYSO Region 1447 Regional Referee

Training


AYSO Region 1447 Regional Referee Training

• This clinic is an entry-level training for AYSO volunteers wanting to referee soccer matches at U-9 or higher

• Clinic is also known as “Basic Referee Training”• Please legibly fill out:

The Attendance Roster (left side info only) A Volunteer Application form

• Volunteer application must be completed by every volunteer, each year


Regional Referee Training

• Introductions

• Survey: Previous Soccer Experience

• Demonstration & Class Exercise


Benefits and Expectations as a Regional Referee

• At the end of this clinic, students from Region 1447 who pass the exam, will receive a full referee uniform and equipment set – Includes: Jersey, Shorts, Socks, Regional Badge,

Red/Yellow Cards, Wallet, AR Flags, Flip Coin, Whistle & Lanyard, etc.

• By accepting the uniform and materials, you’re agreeing to referee a minimum of 8 games over the next year– Recommend 1 game a week – Sign up with the online scheduler– Games need to be:

• At the U-9 or higher level• In Region 1447 regular season play


Module 2

The Game of Soccer

AYSO Organization & Philosophy

History of the Game

Reason for the Laws

Spirit of the Game

What Players Want Most

The Referee’s Job


AYSO Organization

• AYSO is a Volunteer-Driven Organization 99.9% staff nationwide are not paid

• Local staff is all volunteer Founded in 1964 in the L.A. Area Today Nationwide: 50,000 teams, 600,000+

players

• Purpose: To develop and deliver quality youth soccer in a fun, family environment


AYSO OrganizationalStructure

• National

• Section

• Area

• Region

N

A

S S S

A A A

R R R R R

Region 1447 in Area C, Area C is in Section 12


The AYSO Philosophies

• Everyone Plays

• Balanced Teams

• Open Registration

• Positive Coaching

• Good Sportsmanship

• Player Development


AYSO Philosophies (cont’d)

• Everyone Plays - Our program’s goal is for kids to play soccer — so we mandate that every player on every team play at least half of every game.– In Region 1447, no player plays 4 quarters

until everyone else plays 3 quarters.

• Balanced Teams - Each year we form new teams as evenly balanced as possible — because it is fair and more fun when teams of equal ability play.



• Open Registration - Our program is open to all children between 4 and 19 years of age who want to register and play soccer. Interest and enthusiasm are the only criteria for playing.

• Positive Coaching - Encouragement of player effort provides for greater enjoyment by the players and ultimately leads to better-skilled and better-motivated players.



• Good Sportsmanship - We strive to create a positive environment based on mutual respect rather than a win-at-all-costs attitude, and our program is designed to instill good sportsmanship in every facet of AYSO.

• Player Development – soccer skills


A Brief History of the Game

• Kicking Games Date to Egyptian Civilization• In medieval times, rival towns and villages played

against each other– A mob activity involving hundreds of players – Kicking, punching, biting and gouging were allowed.

• Became Organized in England in 1800s– “Football” was introduced as a war game

• Prepare British soldiers for battle

• 1863 Association Football and Rugby Football split– Disputes, among other things, over ball handling– Two camps: The Ruggers & The Football asSOCiation-

ers (or soccer)


Laws of the Game

• FIFA Laws of the Game (LOTG) of Soccer

• Reason for the Laws – Promote “Gentlemanly” play– Provide a standard reference for players and

referees– All 17 Laws are based on safety and

fairness


Spirit of the Game

• Soccer as a World Sport– Widely Considered the Most Popular Game

in the World– Played in Nearly Every Nation

• Simple Game– Bare Requirements:

• Ball• Open Area

• Game should be Fun, Fair and Safe


Safe – Fair - Fun

• Safe: They will only think of this if it is absent

• Fair: Referee role is to ensure no one gains an unfair advantage– If you don’t provide justice, the players will

• Fun: The game is most fun when it’s fair and safe


The Referee’s Job

• Keep the game safe and in control

• Keep the game flowing– Soccer is a continuous action sport– Don’t stop play unless needed

• Don’t be afraid to stop play when needed

• Provide positive instruction– You are a teacher of the game and the laws– Enjoy your time on the field


Law 1 – The Field of Play

Law 4 – Player’s Equipment

Law 5 – The Referee

Law 6 – The Assistant Referee

AYSO National Rules & Regulations

Modules 3 & 7

Pre-game Preparation & Post Game Duties


Pre-Game Duties • At pre-game a referee should…

– Arrive early• Ideally 30 minutes before kick-off

– Greet the coaches• Get line-up card from each coach, and ball from home

team coach

– Inspect Field, Ball and Players• Talk Briefly to Players

– Give Instructions to Assistant Referees (ARs) or Club Linesmen

– Conduct Coin Toss


Field Check The referee must ensure the field is safe for play.• During field inspection look for…

– Foreign objects on or near field.• Broken glass, debris, etc...

– Sprinklers or holes in the field.• These can be marked with cones obtained from coaches. If

cones are unavailable, consider using a jacket or sweater.

• Inspect goalposts, crossbars and nets– They can be a common source of injury. – Damaged goalposts or crossbars cannot be used until

they are fixed. • Do not let children play on the goalposts or crossbars

– If portable goals, must be secured to prevent tipping


Field Check (cont’d)

If you find something unsafe, either… 1) Find a way to make it safe (preferred), or

2) Cancel the match & take the field off-line.– Have the home team take the equipment– Call the Division Commissioner (DC) and Safety

Director. These people need to know that the field is safe before the game can take place or continue.


Player’s Equipment

• Basic Compulsory Player Equipment– Jersey or shirt– Shorts– Stockings– Shinguards– Footwear


Equipment/Safety Check

• Check all players at pre-game– If a player arrives late, check him/her before they

enter the game• Look for basic compulsory equipment on all

players and ensure it’s safe– Socks must completely cover shinguards.– Footwear needs to be suitable for play

• Does not need to be soccer shoes


Equipment/Safety Check (cont’d)

– Jerseys• Should be tucked in• Must be worn on top with numbers visible

– On cold days sweatshirt or warm-ups may be worn underneath jersey

• Colors should contrast between teams (and the referee, if possible)

– If team jerseys too similar, home team should wear pinnies

– Goalkeeper’s jersey color should contrast with player jerseys from both teams


Equipment/Safety Check: Prohibited Items

• Player may not wear anything which is dangerous to another player (or to themselves).

• No watches or jewelry – Jewelry includes: earrings, finger rings, nose

studs, bracelets, necklaces, barrettes, hair ties w/ hard pieces, bobby pins, rubber wrist bands, etc.

– Taping or covering jewelry is NOT permitted • This includes earrings

– Items not considered jewelry: prescription eye glasses medic alerts bracelets/necklaces, and hearing aids


Equipment/Safety Check: Prohibited Items (cont’d)

• No splints or casts - even if padded!– Knee or ankle braces are permitted if they don’t

have hard parts

• No hard-billed hats– Stocking caps are permitted


Equipment/Safety CheckA Visual Quiz

Find the problems in the picture (9 in all)

Problems1. Watch2. Earrings3. Cast4. Hood over Numbers5. Shinguards over Sock6. Ring on Finger7. Necklace8. Barrette9. Untucked Jersey


Lineup Cards• One card received

from coach of each team at pre-game

Coach Completes:• All information at top• Player #’s & names• Who’s not playing that

day and why

Referee Records: • Any reminders • Tally of goals scored• “Qtrs.” not played

2 Mark Smith x3 James Allen | x

4 Eric Garcia x

6 John Jones | | | x

7 Rick Thompson8 Kirk Richards X9 Michael Phillips X10 Thomas Hunter | X

11 Zack McDonald12 Eric Sena | X

1st H KO WestRed Jerseys

104 U10B 552 9/13/06Vipers 558Amy Jones Tom Smith


4 Eric Garcia x





4 Eric Garcia x




-------------------------- Out Sick ---------------


Back Side of Lineup CardAfter game, referee completes back of the card. Information includes:

• Transfer halftime & final scores from front side of both cards

• Rate behavior of coaches, players & spectators

• Print Your Name & Phone• Add commentary if needed

– Injuries and what player– Problems with weather, field

or behavior of individuals (who, what & when)

9/13/06 9 am Conchas Good552, Red/White 558, Yellow/Black

2-1 552 6-2 552

Katie Stanford 555-1234

• Sign Card (at bottom, not shown)

Game started 10 minutes late due to missing nets and corner flags


Coin Toss

• Visiting team gets to call the toss.• Winner of toss chooses end of field to attack• Other team gets to kick-off first

– Record 1st half kick-off team and direction on lineup card

• In 2nd half, the teams switch ends of the field.– Team that didn’t kick off at the beginning of the game

kicks off to begin the 2nd half.• Example: If the blue team kicked off to the west in 1st

half, then the Red team kicks west in 2nd half.


Post Game DutiesAt the end of the game…• Collect the ball

– Return to home team

• Supervise the post game ceremony– Watch to see that players are behaving as good

sports.

• Conduct a post game conference with assistant referees

• Complete lineup cards – Put completed cards in pouch/field bag near one of

the goals


Module 8

The Mechanical Aspects of the Game – The Field & Ball

Law 1 - The Field of Play

Law 2 - The Ball


Field of Play: Markings & Areas

Goal Area

Penalty Area

Penalty Arc

Goal

Penalty Mark

HalfwayLine

CenterCircle

Touch LinesGoal Line

Goal LineCorner Arc

Halfway Line Flag or Cone (optional)Corner Flag (required)

Note: Lines are part of the areas they encloseCoaches Area


Coaches Area20 yds wide, 1 Yard from Touch Line

Field Dimensions: U-11 and above(Regulation AYSO Field Size)

“6 Yard Line”

Penalty Area: 18 x 44 Yards

10 Yard Radius

Goal mouth 8 yards wide by 8 feet high

The “18 Yard Line”

1 Yard Radius

Goal Area: 6 x 20 Yds.

18 Yards

Flag height: 5 feet minimum

12 Yards

Field Size: Length: 80-130 Yards, Width: 50-100 Yards• Field must be a rectangle

(longer than it is wide)

Halfway Line Flag1 Yard from Touch Line

6 Yards


The Ball

• Ensure ball is suitable for play– Properly Inflated

• Can hurt players if over or under inflated• Thumb pressure should dent ball ¼ to ½ inch.

Age Group Ball Size

U-5, U-6, U-7, U-8 Size 3

U-9, U-10, U-11, U-12 Size 4

U-14, U-16, U-19 Size 5

– Spherical and Balanced

– No tears or cuts


Law 3 – Number of Players

Law 8 – Start and Restart of Play (Kick-Offs)

Law 7 – Duration of the Match

AYSO National Rules & Regulations

Module 4

Starting the Game


Number of Players

Age GroupMaximum on Field (#-a-side)

Minimum for Match

U-7, U-8 5 3

U-9, U-10 7 5

U-11, U-12 9 6

U-14, U-16, U-19 11 7

• Regulation AYSO matches (U-14+) have a maximum of 11 players-a-side and a minimum of 7.– U-12 and younger play short-sided games.

• If a team has fewer than the maximum number of players, the coach from the full-sided team may lend one or more players to the other team


Starting the Game

Just prior to kick-off check that…• You have the line-up cards, your whistle, your

watch, red & yellow cards and pen/pencil• Ball is in the center circle• Count the players • AR’s/linemen are ready and in position• Verify both goalkeepers are ready • Signal (whistle) for kick to be taken• Start watch


The Kick Off

• Where: At mark in the Center Circle

• When: – At start of game, – Start of 2nd half, and – After each goal scored


Kick Off Procedure• All players must be in their own half

– Players from both teams may stand on Half-way Line

• Opponents away from ball– 8 yards for U-9 & U-10, 10 yards for U-11 and above– Standing on Center Circle Line is OK

• Ball stationary• Referee signal

– Typically by whistling

• Ball in play when kicked and moves forward– If beginning of 1st or 2nd half, clock starts when ball is

put into play


Improper Kick Offs

• Retake If Not Done Correctly:– Ball kicked backwards– Player encroaches prior to kick

• Examples: a player from either team crosses halfway line, or a player from non-kicking team enters center circle prior to kick-off

• Play stopped at referee’s discretion

• Indirect Free Kick to opposing team if played twice by same player– This is the “Double Touch” rule which applies to

all restarts except the dropped ball


Time Keeping

• Referee is sole timekeeper– AR may be used as a backup

timekeeper.• Halves are timed• Time officially starts at the opening kick-off when

ball is kicked and moves forward• No timeouts• When time runs out in the half, blow whistle

– 2x to end half, 3x to end game– Play stops at that point in time


Time Keeping (con’t)

• Substitution break called approximately midway through the half

• In Region 1447, clock keeps running through the substitution break. – Our games run in a tight series throughout the day on

Saturday. Only in rare instances should time be added, and if justified, only a few minutes at most.

– AYSO National policy: Stoppage time is added for substitutions


Game Duration by Division

Division Half Length

U-7/8 20 minutes

U-9/10 25 minutes

U-11/12 30 minutes

U-14 35 minutes

U-16* 40 minutes

U-19 45 minutes* Currently AYSO Region 1447 does not have

U16 divisions in general play

• Game comprised of two equal halves

• Half-time periods are at least 5 minutes and not longer than 10 minutes

• Length of halves may be altered for tournament or competition play


>> Break Time <<

10 Minutes Please

Instructors will collect your volunteer forms.Please ensure that this form is completed with your Driver’s

License # and SSN provided, the disclosure questions answered and the form signed.

ID check is required.

Also, please fill out the Referee Attendance Roster form and the Referee Contact Information Card if you haven’t

done so yet.


Module 5

Stopping Play

Law 3 – Number of Players (substitutions)

Law 5 – The Referee (stopping for injuries)

Law 8 – Start and Restart of Play

Law 9 – Ball In and Out of Play


AYSO Substitutions• In accordance with the AYSO National Rules

and Regulations there are 4 regular substitution opportunities:– Midway through the first half– At half time – Midway through the second half– For an injured player


AYSO Substitutions (con’t)

• Look for substitution opportunities when the ball goes out of play– Throw-ins, goal kicks, and prior to kick-offs are

ideal

• Late arriving players must play at least:– Two quarters if they arrive in 1st Qtr.– One quarter if they arrive in 2nd or 3rd Qtr.


Stoppage of Play for InjuriesIf a player gets injured…• The referee may stop play immediately or at

anytime• If bleeding or serious injury, the player must leave

the field. – Referee should beckon the coach on to the field to attend

to injured player – The team may opt to either substitute immediately or

play short (provided at or above minimum # of players)• Substitute should wait to enter once the injured player

has exited the field of play


Ball In and Out of Play

OUT

Two ways for the ball to be out of play: 1. When the referee stops play (i.e. whistles)2. When the ball leaves the field of play• All of the ball goes

completely beyond the outer edge of the touch line or goal line

The ball is in play at all other times


Ball In and Out of Play (con’t)

• The ball is still in play even when it :– Rebounds off the goal post, cross bar or corner

flag back onto the field– Touches the referee or the AR (provided the

ball has not left the field of play)

• The ball’s position determines whether it is in or out of play, not the player’s position.

• Whistle Not normally needed when ball goes out of play


Method of ScoringA goal is scored when the whole

of the ball passes over the goal line, between the goalposts and under the crossbar.– Assumes that no infringement of the

Laws of the Game has been committed previously by the team scoring the goal.

• Referee signals by pointing toward the center circle (the restart is a kick-off)

Goal Scored/Not Scored


When to Use the Whistle

When to Whistle:• To start or restart play …

– At kick-offs– After a substitution break to signal restart of game

• To stop play …– For a foul or infraction– Due to an interruption from an outside event or injury– For a substitution break– To end the half or the game

• To get player’s attention


When the Whistle Isn’t Needed

Whistle Not Necessary for:• Normal ball-out-of-play situations (ball over

touch line or goal line)• Restarting play prior to that restart

• Exception is restart after sub-break• After a goal is scored


Modules 6 & 9

Starting & Restarting Play – Part 1: Throw-ins and Goal Kicks

Law 15 – The Throw-in

Law 16 – The Goal Kick


Restarts

Eight restarts in soccer• Kick Off (KO)• Throw In (TI)• Goal Kick (GK)• Corner Kick (CK) • Dropped Ball (DB)• Direct Free Kick (DFK)• Indirect Free Kick (IFK)• Penalty Kick (PK)


Throw-Ins

A throw-in is taken to restart the game after the ball goes out of play over the touch line.

• Awarded to the opponents of the team who last touched the ball.– May be taken by any player on that team,

including the goalkeeper

• Referee signals by pointing in the direction of attack for the team getting the throw-in


Throw-ins: Proper Location

• Taken from the approximate point where the ball crossed the touch line– No more than 1 yard either way along touch

line– Throw-ins about to be taken more than a yard

from this point can be managed by referee prior to the throw


Legal Throw-In Requirements

For a legal throw-in the thrower must… Face the field of play Have part of each foot

touching the ground, either on or behind the touch line

Use both hands to deliver the ball from behind and over the head.

Position of feet important, but only at the moment of release

TOUCH LINE


Throw-In Specifics

• If improper throw-in, the opposing team is given a throw-in at same location.

• All opponents must be at least 2 yards from the thrower until the ball is in play

• Ball is in play as soon as it is released and any portion of it is on or over the outside edge of the touch line. – If the ball fails to enter the field of play, the throw-

in is retaken.


Throw-In Specifics (con’t)

• Once the ball is in play the thrower may not touch it a second time until it has touched another player.– If so, it results in a IFK for the opponents at the

spot of the second touch. DFK if it was touched with the hands (free kicks to be covered later)

• A goal may not be scored directly from a throw-in.


Goal KicksWhen the ball leaves the field over the goal line,

last touched by an attacker, and does not score a goal, the restart is a goal kick

• Referee signals by pointing toward the goal area.


Goal Kick Ball Placement• The defending team may place the ball anywhere

in the goal area, including on its boundary lines

Note: This also applies to free kicks by defenders


Goal Kick Specifics• Opponents of the kicker must move outside the

penalty area.• Ball must be stationary at the time of kick• The ball is in play when it is kicked directly out of

the penalty area without being touched or played by any other player

• A goal may be scored directly from a goal kick, but only against the opponents, i.e. no own goals on goal kicks


Goal Kicks - Infringements

• If anyone plays the ball or the kicker kicks the ball again before it leaves the penalty area, the kick has not been properly taken and must be retaken.– The ball was never put into play! It is like the kick did not

happen!

• After the ball leaves the penalty area the kicker may still not touch the ball a second time until it has touched another player.– Results in an IFK for the opponents at the spot of the

second touch


Modules 6 & 9

Starting & Restarting Play – Part 2: Corner Kicks & The

Dropped Ball

Law 17 – The Corner KickLaw 8 – Start and Restart of Play

(Dropped Ball)


Corner Kicks

• Referee signals by pointing toward the corner where the kick is to be taken– Corner nearest to the

point where the ball went out.

When the ball leaves the field over the goal line without scoring a goal and was last touched by a defender, the restart is a corner kick


Corner Kick Ball Placement

• Ball can be placed anywhere in the corner arc including on the boundary lines

• The corner flag post may not be moved or removed. It may, however, be placed upright.


Corner Kick Specifics• Opponents of the kicker must remain 10 yards

away from the corner arc until it is kicked into play– 8 yards for U-9 & U-10

• The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves.– Ball NOT required to leave the arc to be in play

• The kicker may not touch the ball a second time until it has touched another player.– Infringement results in an IFK for the opponents at the

spot of the second touch

• A goal may be scored directly from a corner kick, but only against the opponents.


Dropped BallWhen play is stopped by the referee for an

unusual but neutral reason, play is restarted by the referee dropping the ball.

• Reasons for doing a dropped ball include: – An injury – A dog on the field – A stray ball from a nearby game– A mistaken whistle– Any other occasion when play is stopped for any reason

other than the ball leaving the field of play or an infraction of the laws

• Not used when it’s not obvious or unknown who last played the ball before it went out


Dropped Ball Procedure

• The referee drops the ball where it was when play was stopped– Exception: If in the goal area, the referee drops

the ball at the nearest point on the goal area line that is parallel to the goal line.

• The ball is dropped from the height of a player’s waist and is in play when it hits the ground.

• If a player kicks the ball before it hits the ground, it is dropped again because play has not been restarted properly.


Restart After an Injury

• After an Injury play is restarted with either:– A dropped ball if the ball was on the field of play

at the time of the whistle, or– The normal restart if the ball was out of play


Stopping & Restarting Play: Cause and Effect Summary

If Cause of Stoppage: Restart with:Injury or Outside

Interference Dropped Ball

Ball leaves the field of play over touch line

Throw-in

Ball leaves the field of play over goal line

Goal Kick, Corner Kick or Kick Off

Fouls or Misconduct Direct Free Kick, Indirect Free Kick or Penalty Kick

Substitution Normal restart based on how play stopped for substitution


Referee Quiz(The Mother of All Quizzes for the Officials of All Time)

1. Soccer fields must be ________ for players.

2. Once the officials inspect the field and correct dangers, a referee will cancel a game and not let children play if the field markings are not correct. (True/False)

3. Soccer balls can hurt if they have too much or too little air. (True/False)

4. On a coin toss, everyone wins. The team that wins the toss chooses the end of the field to attack and the other team wins the first kick-off. (True/False)

5. At a kick-off, the kicker may play the ball twice before anyone else touches it. (True/False)

Safe


Referee Quiz (cont’d)6. lf a player kicks the ball backward on a kick-off, the referee should:

a. Give the other team a free kick b. Retake the kick-off 7. When dropping the ball, the referee should hold it at waist height.

Whose waist?a. The players‘ b. The referee's

8. The ball is in play and rolls down the touch line. The ball is still in play. (True/False)

9. A player steps off the field to kick the ball that is sitting on the touch line. Play is stopped. (True/False)

10. A ball rolls slowly toward the goal and stops before completely crossing the goal line.a. Say, “Keep playing! It didn't go all the way into the goal.” b. Say, ”No goal!” Restart with a goal kick.c. Say nothing. The coaches and parents will tell the kids what to

do.


Referee Quiz (cont’d)Match items in column A with those in column B.

Column B

a. Throw-in blue

b. Throw-in red

c. Kick-off

d. Goal kick

e. Corner kick

f. Free kick

Column A11. Attacker plays ball over goal line

(no score)12. Red team last touches ball which

goes over touch line13. Player who takes restart touches

the ball a second time before it has been touched by another player

14. Defender plays ball over goal line into goal (score)

15. Defender plays ball over goal line (no score)


Modules 6 & 9

Stopping & Restarting Play –

Free Kicks and Penalty Kicks

Law 8 – Start and Restart of Play

Law 13 – Free Kicks

Law 14 – Penalty Kicks


Free Kicks• There are two types of free kicks: Direct Free

Kicks (DFK) and Indirect Free Kicks (IFK).• For any free kick (DFK or IFK) …

– The ball must be stationary when the kick is taken,– Play of the ball must be done with a kicking

motion of the foot• Tapping the top of the ball with the foot or stepping on

the ball are not sufficient

– The kicker may not play the ball again a second time until it has touched another player


Direct Free Kicks• A Direct Free Kick (DFK) results from a DFK foul

– Examples: Pushing an opponent, Tripping an opponent, Holding an opponent, Deliberately Handling the Ball, etc.

– Applies to anywhere on field except when the defending team commits a DFK foul in their penalty area • Penalty Kick instead

• Referee signals by pointing in the direction of attack for the kicking team


Direct Free Kicks (cont’d)

• If a DFK is kicked directly into the opponents’ goal, a goal is awarded

• If a DFK is kicked directly into the team’s own goal, corner kick is awarded to the opposing team– No own goals on DFKs


Indirect Free Kicks• Results from a IFK foul or other infraction

– Examples: Playing in a Dangerous Manner, Impeding an Opponent, Offside, etc.

• Referee signals by raising arm straight up in the air– Should momentarily point in the

direction of attack for the kicking team– Arm should remain up after kick until

the ball is touched by another player or goes out of play


Indirect Free Kicks (cont’d)

• A goal can be scored only if the ball subsequently touches another player before it enters the goal.– If an IFK is kicked directly into the

opponents’ goal, it is NOT a goal, and instead a goal kick is awarded

– If an IFK is kicked directly into the team’s own goal, a corner kick is awarded to the opposing team • No own goals on free kicks


Position of Free Kicks

• Free Kicks (DFK or IFK) Outside the Penalty Area– The free kick is taken from the place where

the infringement occurred– All opponents are at least 10 yards from the

ball until it is in play– The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves


Position of Free Kicks Special Circumstances

• Free Kick (DFK or IFK) Inside the Penalty Area by the defending team:– All opponents are at least 10 yards from the ball– All opponents remain outside the penalty area

until the ball is in play– The ball is in play when it is kicked directly

beyond the penalty area– A free kick awarded in the goal area is taken

from any point inside that area


Position of Free Kicks Special Circumstances (cont’d)

• Indirect free kick to the attacking team near opponent’s goal:– All opponents are at least 10 yards from the ball

until it is in play• Exception: They are on their own goal line between

the goalposts

– The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves– If infringement occurred inside the goal area, the

IFK is taken at location on the goal area line which runs parallel to the goal line (“the 6 yard line”), at the point nearest to spot of the infringement.


Free Kick Specifics

• Allowed to go in any direction, including backwards• Quick kicks are allowed.

– Recognize the difference between a "ceremonial" free kick and a team wanting to take a quick kick.

• The kick should be retaken if an opponent is closer to the ball than the required distance at the time the kick is taken (at the referee’s discretion)

• The kick should also be retaken if the original free kick is taken by the defending team from inside their own penalty area and the ball is not kicked directly into play


Free Kick Double Touch Violation

• After the ball is in play, if the kicker touches the ball a 2nd time before it has touched another player an IFK is awarded to the opposing team– Taken from the place where the infringement occurred– Exception: A 2nd touch by a field player with his hands

results in a DFK.


Penalty Kicks

• A penalty kick (PK) is awarded to the opponents of a team that commits any offense for which a DFK is awarded, inside its own penalty area and while the ball is in play.– A goal may be scored directly from a PK.– Additional time is allowed for a PK to be taken at the end

of each half or at the end of periods of extra time.– If requested, the defending team may replace its

goalkeeper with one of the other field players (position switch, not a substitution)


Penalty Kick Mechanics

• Referee signals by pointing at the penalty mark• The ball is placed on the penalty mark

– Let the kicker place the ball on the mark

• The player taking the PK is properly identified• Defending goalkeeper remains on his goal line,

facing the kicker, between the goalposts until the ball has been kicked– Keeper is allowed to move laterally (back and forth) on the

goal line


• Behind the penalty mark

• 10 yards from the ball (on the mark)– On or beyond the

penalty arc

Penalty Kick Player LocationOther than the kicker and goalkeeper, players

are located:• Inside the field of play• Outside the penalty area

DA

A

D

D

A

AD

D

A D

A K

GK

R

AR


Penalty Kick Procedure• The referee signals (whistles) for a PK to be taken

– But only when the players are in proper position

• In play when kicked and moves Forward– If ball is kicked backwards: IFK to opponents

• Goalkeeper cannot move forward until ball is kicked • Kicker may not play/touch ball again until it has

touched another player – For instance, kicker cannot play ball if it rebounds directly

off the goal post or crossbar. – If so, IFK to opponents

• The referee decides when a PK has been completed


Penalty Kick InfringementsTypical infringements include the following events

prior to the kick:• The goalkeeper moving off the goal line• A non-kicking player entering the penalty area, or crossing

past the penalty arc, or moving in front of the penalty mark outside the penalty area.

Who infringedBall Goes in

GoalBall Does Not

Go in GoalAn attacker

including the kickerRetake PK IFK for defense

A defender including the goalkeeper

Goal (Kick-off) Retake PK

Both attacker and defender Retake PK Retake PK


Module 10

Fouls & Misconduct, Basic

Law 12 – Fouls and Misconduct


Fouls• What is a foul?

An unfair or unsafe action … committed by a player ...

against an opponent or the opposing team … on the field of play…

while the ball is in play.– Acts specified in Law 12

• Separated into two types: – More serious fouls are Direct Free Kick Fouls

(formally known as penal fouls)– Less serious fouls are Indirect Free Kick Fouls


Direct Free Kick Fouls

• The Direct Free Kick (DFK) fouls are punished by stopping play and awarding the opposing team a direct free kick from the place where the foul occurred.– A Penalty Kick (PK) is award if the DFK foul

occurs in the penalty area by a defender


The 10 Direct Free Kick Fouls• The following 6 offenses, if committed in a manner the

referee considers to be careless, reckless, or involving excessive force, are DFK fouls:– Kicks or attempts to kick an opponent– Trips or attempts to trip an opponent– Strikes or attempts to strike an opponent– Jumps at an opponent– Charges an opponent– Pushes an opponent

• If a player commits any of the following 4 offenses they are also considered DFK fouls:– Tackles an opponent to gain possession of the ball making

contact with the opponent before touching the ball– Holds an opponent– Spits at an opponent– Handles the ball deliberately (except for the goalkeeper within

his own penalty area)


Common DFK Fouls

• Most Common DFK Fouls in U-10 and younger:

– Pushes an opponent,

– Trips an opponent, – Holds an opponent,

– Charges an opponent and,

– Deliberately handles the ball


• Pushes an opponent– Young players commonly push opponents to

get to the ball or gain an advantage.– Pushing is not allowed, even when players use

something beside their hands.

• Trips or attempts to trip an opponent– A common foul at all ages. – Any time tripping occurs there is an element of

carelessness or recklessness involved. – Referees should be sure that players did not

trip over the ball, or their own feet.

Common DFK Fouls (cont’d)



• Handles the ball deliberately– A direct free kick foul (it never results in an IFK)– Act judged if a player deliberately strikes,

deflects, or holds the ball with their hands or arms.

– For the purpose of judging handling, the “hand” extends from the fingertips to the corner of the shoulder (arm-torso joint)

– Attempting to handle the ball is not a foul.



• Handles the ball deliberately (cont’d)– If the ball strikes the player’s hands or arms,

no offense has occurred because the player has not deliberately handled the ball.

– Referees can promote a better understanding of this foul by consistently using the correct term “handles the ball deliberately”, not “handball”



• Holds an opponent– Holding any part of an opponent may give a

player an unfair advantage. – It is illegal to hold with the hands or any parts

of the body.

• Charges an opponent– Fair charges are allowed and are defined as a

brief, staccato, shoulder-to-shoulder bumps. – Reckless or hard charges are illegal.


Indirect Free Kick Fouls Committed by Any Player

An IFK is awarded to the opposing team if a player, in the opinion of the referee, commits the following:

• Plays in a dangerous manner– This includes…

• High kicks near an opponent• Low headers near an opponent’s kick• A player lying on the ground that is continuously trying

to kick the ball away from an opponent– For U-9 & U-10 in Region 104 regular season play, slide

tackles are considered dangerous play– This is the most common IFK foul (Non-Penal Foul) for

younger players


IFK Fouls Committed by Any Player (con’t)

• Impedes the progress of an opponent

• Prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his hands

• Commits any other offense, not previously mentioned in Law 12, for which play is stopped to caution or send off a player


Indirect Free Kick Fouls Committed by the Goalkeeper

An IFK is awarded to the opposing team if a goalkeeper, inside his own penalty area, commits any of the following 4 offenses:• Takes more than 6 seconds while controlling the ball

with his hands, before releasing it from his possession• Touches the ball again with his hands after it has been

released from his possession and has not touched any other player

• Touches the ball with his hands after it has been deliberately kicked to him by a teammate

• For youth play, this does not include a defender’s miss-kicked ball that is handled by the goalkeeper

• Touches the ball with his hands after he has received it directly from a throw-in taken by a teammate


Misconduct• Also divided into two types:

– Actions which are cautioned and the yellow card shown

– Behaviors for which the player must be sent off and shown the red card and not allowed to participate further in the match.

• In U-9 and U-10, a player should not be cautioned or sent off except under extreme conditions. – If possible, talk with the offending player early in the

match– By anticipating problems and working with coaches,

referees can prevent players from getting into most situations that will cause them to be sanctioned.


Cautionable Misconduct

1. Is guilty of unsporting behavior (USB) *2. Shows dissent by word or action (DT) *3. Persistently infringes the Laws of the Game (PI)4. Delays the restart of play (DR) *5. Fails to respect the required distance when play is

restarted with a corner kick, free kick or throw-in (FRD)6. Enters or re-enters the field of play without permission

(E) *7. Leaves the field of play without permission (L)

* These four offenses also apply to substitutes or substituted players

A player is cautioned and shown the yellow card if he commits any of the following 7 offenses:


Send-Off Misconduct

1. Is guilty of serious foul play (SFP)2. Is guilty of violent conduct (VC)3. Spits at an opponent or any other person (S)4. Denies the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring

opportunity by deliberately handling the ball (DGH) (this does not apply to a goalkeeper within his own penalty area)

5. Denies an obvious goal-scoring opportunity to an opponent moving towards the player’s goal by an offense punishable by a free kick or a penalty kick. (DGF)

6. Uses offensive, insulting, or abusive language and/or gestures (AL)

7. Receives a second caution in the same match. (2CT)With the exception of ‘serious foul play’, all apply to substitutes or

substituted players

A player, substitute or substituted player is sent off and shown the red card if he commits any of the following 7 offenses:


Caution/Send Off Mechanics

• When play is stopped for a caution or send off and another restart (such as a DFK) is not specified by the Laws, the restart is an indirect free kick for the opponents.

• If the referee waits until the ball is out of play to caution or send off a player, play is restarted according to the way the ball went out of play.

• When a player is cautioned or sent off, the card must be shown. The referee holds the appropriate card at arm’s length directly above his own head.

• All red card send-offs in Region 1447 must be reported to the Chief Referee within 24 hours– Applies to send off of any player or dismissal of any

coach


Module 11

Offside, Basic

Law 11 – Offside


Offside(a short history)

In the early days of soccer some players were lazy and rather than work with the rest of their team, these players chose to hang around near their opponents’ goal, wait until the ball came to them, and then attempt to score a goal. Many of their teammates thought that this was not gentlemanly nor fair. The rules, consequently, evolved to say that a player who is ahead of the ball in the opponent’s half of the field, is “off his side” (side meaning team) and is not allowed to participate while in that position.


Offside Position

• For a player to be in offside position 3 things must be true…

1.The player is closer to the opponents’ goal line than the ball

2.The player is in the opponent’s half of the field3.The player is closer to the opponents’ goal line

than the second last opponent

• It is not an offense to be in an offside position.


The Offside Offense• A player in an offside position is only

penalized if, at the moment the ball touches or is played by one of his team, he is, in the opinion of the referee, involved in active play by:

1. Interfering with play, or

2. Interfering with an opponent, or

3. Gaining an advantage by being in that position.


Offside Offense – Interfering with Play or an Opponent

• “Interfering with play” generally means playing or touching the ball passed or touched by a teammate.– It also includes receiving a deflected pass from a

teammate

• “Interfering with an opponent” takes many forms. Some of these include:– Getting in the way of an opponent,– Preventing an opponent from playing the ball,– Talking to, yelling at, or distracting an opponent.


Offside Offense – Gaining an Advantage…

• “Gaining an advantage by being in that position” includes:– Playing the ball from a teammate’s shot on goal which

rebounds off the goalposts, crossbar or goalkeeper – Being near enough to the play to capitalize immediately

on a defender’s mistake having gained the advantage solely by being in the offside position.


Exceptions to Offside

• A player in an offside position is not penalized if he/she receives the ball directly from a …1. Goal kick

2. Throw-in, or

3. Corner kick(Offside is momentarily suspended when the ball is being

returned to play after leaving the field of play)


Restart After an Offside Offense

• If an offside offense occurs, the referee stops play and awards an indirect free kick to the opposing team at the spot where the offside player was at the time.– The referee signals offside by the standard IFK

signal (arm straight up in the air)– The special circumstances for taking free kicks

inside the goal area apply.


Offside/Not OffsideExample 1

An attacker in an offside position (A), not interfering with an opponent, touches the ball.

OFFSIDE - The assistant referee should raise the flag when the player touches the ball.



An attacker in an offside position (A), not interfering with an opponent, does not touch the ball.

NOT OFFSIDE - The player cannot be penalized because he did not touch the ball.



An attacker in an offside position (A) runs towards the ball and a teammate in onside position (B) runs also towards the ball and plays it.

NOT OFFSIDE - Player (A) cannot be penalized because he did not touch the ball.



An attacker in an offside position (A1) runs towards the ball and plays it (A2).

OFFSIDE - The assistant referee should raise the flag when the player touches the ball (A2).



An attacker in an offside position (1) runs towards the ball and does not touch the ball.

GOAL KICK (NOT OFFSIDE) - The assistant referee should signal “goal kick”.



An attacker in an offside position (A) is obstructing the goalkeeper’s line of vision.

OFFSIDE - He should be penalized because he prevents an opponent from playing or being able to play the ball.



Attacker (A) is in an offside position

NOT OFFSIDE – Attacker (A) is not obstructing the goalkeeper’s line of vision or making a gesture or movement which deceives or distracts him.



An attacker in an offside position (A) runs towards the ball but he does not prevent the opponent from playing or being able to play the ball.

NOT OFFSIDE, CORNER KICK - (A) is not making any gesture or movement which deceives or distracts (B).



An attacker in an offside position (A) runs towards the ball preventing the opponent (B) from playing or being able to play the ball.

OFFSIDE - Player (A) is making a movement which could deceive or distract player (B).


Module 12

Referee & Assistant Referee Mechanics

Law 5 – The RefereeLaw 6 – The Assistant Referee


Assistant Referees• Two assistant referees (ARs) are appointed to help

the referee control the match.• Depending upon the referee’s instructions, ARs are to:

– Indicate ball in and out of play– Indicate which side gets a corner kick, goal kick, or throw-in– Indicate offside infractions– Indicate desired substitution– Indicate when misconduct occurs out of the referee’s view– Assist to control the match

• In general, ARs/linesmen position should be even with the second-to-last defender, or the ball, or the halfway line, which ever is closest to the goal being attacked


Club Linesmen• When ARs are available, club linesmen should be

recruited– Effective referees make the club linesmen part of the

team

• Club linesmen can be trained to help with the following:– See if the nets are fastened securely– Indicate when the ball has crossed the touch line– Participate in half-time discussion


Club Linesmen (cont’d)• Trained club linesmen can take on further “AR”

duties at the discretion of the referee. Some of these duties may include:– Indicate restart ball-out-of-play over goal line– Indicate improper throw-ins– Indicate offside offense

• Many club linesmen need to be instructed to only run from the halfway line to the goal line, not the entire side.


Referee Communication &The Diagonal System of Control

AR

AR

• At any given moment, two officials should be in position to view play from different angles.

• Eye contact between CR & AR is important

CR


Referee Signals

Corner KickGoal Kick

Direct Free Kick

Indirect Free Kick

Throw-in

Goal Scored


Referee Decisions and Authority

• The referee of a match has full authority to enforce the Laws of the Game– May temporarily suspend or terminate match due to …

• Player infringement of the Laws• Outside interference of any kind

– Law 5 lists specific powers and duties

• Referee decisions are final– Referee may change a decision provided play has not

resumed


Assistant Referee Signals:Throw-in

Throw-In for attackers

Throw-In for defenders

Touch line

Goalline


AR Signals: Corner Kick

Pointing toward corner

Signal used for both near and far corners

Touch line

Goalline


AR Signals: Goal Kick

Touch line

Goal line

Goal Area

Pointing toward Goal

Area


AR Signal: Offside

Flag is held

steady

Touch lineGoalline Also could mean

ball out of play


AR Signals: Position of Offside Player

Offside on the near side of the field

Offside in the center of the

field

Offside on far side of the field

Touch line

Goal line


AR Signals: Substitution

Goalline

Touch line

Signal typically only used for open substitution situations.


AR Signal: Foul

Goalline

Touch line

Flick or wave the flag and make eye contact with center

referee

After whistle, point direction at a 45

degree angle in the direction of free kick.


AR Signals: Goal/No Goal

Goalline

NoGoal

Touch line

Run a short distance toward the halfway line and make eye contact with center referee

GoalScored


Module 13

Understanding the AYSO Game

Law 5 – The RefereeAYSO Rules & Regulations


Outside Factors

• Interference from:– Spectators– Coaches– Substitutes

• Weather– Wind and rain can significantly alter events on the field– If severe enough, match may need to be abandoned

• Referees and Assistant Referees are not consider outside factors -- they are part of the field


AYSO Coaching Philosophy

Positive

Instructive

Encouraging

What is Positive Coaching?

P

I

E


Location of Coaches & Spectators

• Coaches’ Area– 20 Yards wide (extending 10 yards on either side of the halfway line)– 1 yard back from the touch line

• Coaches and substitutes should remain in their area for duration of match – Exceptions: Pre-game, Half time, Post-game or when requested by

the referee to enter the field of play• Spectators should be along their side lines, 3 yards back

from the touch line, and between the “18 Yard lines” – Definitely not behind the goal line near the field of play

Halfway Line

Coaches’ Area (Technical Area)

Touch Line

Spectators Area


Problems With Spectators• Work with the coach(es) first

– Spectator behavior is the responsibility of the coaches• In practice, most can’t/won’t manage spectators.

They aren’t trained to.

• If problems persist with a particular spectator: – One option: Take the coach with you and the two of you

deal with that person. – Alternative: Stop game and see that the individual is

given the “Green Card” if necessary/appropriate• You can give it to the coach or another spectator to

pass on– Yellow or Red cards cannot be shown to a spectator


Referee’s Responsibilitiesfrom the AYSO Rules & Regulations

• Referees shall at all times impose the Rules & Regulations of competition as defined by AYSO and the FIFA Laws of the Game in general.

• Referees shall at all times put great emphasis on the welfare of the players and officiate the game in a manner inducing clean competition and good sportsmanship.

• The Goalkeeper shall not be harassed or interfered with while attempting to put the ball in play.– It is the duty of referees to protect the

goalkeeper against dangerous play.


Spirit of the Game – Fair Play• Referee Credo: Fun, Fair & Safe• “The Laws of the Game are intended to provide that games

should be played with as little interference as possible, and in this view it is the duty of the referee to penalize only deliberate breaches of the Law. Constant whistling for trifling and doubtful breaches produces bad feelings and loss of temper on the part of the players and spoils the pleasure of the spectators.”

FUN, FAIR & SAFETOO FEW

CALLSTOO MANY

CALLS

UNSAFE, UNFAIR

NOTFUN


The AYSO Team

• The AYSO Team: Coaches, Referees, Spectators & Players

COACHES

REFE

REES

PARENTS/SPECTATORS

PLAYERS

COACHES

REFE

REES

PARENTS/SPECTATORS

PLAYERS

For any team to function well it has to have rules. The AYSO Team basic rules are :

1. Work together

2. Help each other

3. Protect each other

4. Do your best


Excelling as a Referee

Areas of Referee Proficiency Appearance Pre-Game Administration Fitness Attitude Courage, Character & Consistency Accuracy of Decisions Control


AYSO Referee Program

Regional U-9, U-10 Basic Referee Course (Modules 1-13)

National U-16, U-19

Advanced Advanced Ref Course(Modules 20-24)

Intermediate Intermediate Ref Course (Modules 14-19)

Badge Level Age Focus

U-8 Official

Course & Modules

U-8 & younger U5-U8 Referee Course (Modules 1-7)

U-14

U-11, U-12

National Referee Course


Continuing Education

• Web sites– ASYO 1447: www.ayso1447.org– AYSO: www.soccer.org and www.aysohelp.org– USSF: www.ussoccer.com– FIFA: www.fifa.com – Other: www.asktheref.com (Ask The Ref)

• Publications– USSF: “Advice to Referees on the Laws of the Game”, “Guide

to Procedures for Referees, ARs & 4th Officials”– FIFA: “Questions and Answers to the Laws of the Game”– AYSO: “Guidance for Referees and Coaches”


Referee Support

• Informal Mentoring

• Observations & Assessments– Observations done mainly for

upgrade to Intermediate Referee

– Assessments done mainly for upgrade to Advanced & National

• Referee Meetings


AYSO Philosophies(one more time)

• Everyone Plays

• Balanced Teams

• Open Registration

• Positive Coaching

• Good Sportsmanship

• Player Development


Course Wrap-up


On-line Referee Scheduler (TBA)

• Used for U-9 and older divisions in Region 1447– U-10 and above we go to neutral referees (not affiliated with home

team) that are primarily self-assigned

• Accessed from the Region 1447 web page– www.ayso1447.org | Referees menu | Referee Scheduler– Username / Password: online

• Schedules posted about a week prior to the season start – Late August and February

• Used for Center Referee and Assistant Referee positions

• May be used to request mentoring or observations


Reporting of Problems

• Contact management in region– The Division Commissioner (e.g. U-10 Boys DC, U-9

Girls DC, etc.)– The Regional Referee Administrator

• Randy Lanier in Region 1447: [email protected],

– If problem involves a coach or a player, copy the Regional Coach Administrator (Chief Coach)

• Report Facts of Event:– Date, Time & Park Location– Division (e.g. U-10 Girls)– Individuals Involved: Players (name and number), Coaches,

Spectators (if known)– Cautions (yellow cards) or Send Off/Dismissals (red cards)– Description of Event


If you would like a copy of these slides, send an e-mail to: [email protected]


Reminders

You first will need to pass the test (75% or higher) and turned your test in to an instructor before you can get your uniforms

You will NOT be certified as a referee if you do not turn your test in.

Questions?

Test Time!

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AYSO Region 1447 Regional Referee Training

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