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Back Matter Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 96, No. 14 (Jul. 16, 1999), pp. xi-xvi Published by: National Academy of Sciences Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/48473 . Accessed: 08/05/2014 06:56 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. . National Academy of Sciences is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 169.229.32.137 on Thu, 8 May 2014 06:56:15 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
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Page 1: Back Matter

Back MatterSource: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,Vol. 96, No. 14 (Jul. 16, 1999), pp. xi-xviPublished by: National Academy of SciencesStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/48473 .

Accessed: 08/05/2014 06:56

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

.

National Academy of Sciences is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access toProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

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Page 2: Back Matter

AUTHOR INDEX, JULY 6, 1999

Aaronson, S. A. 7619 Abraham, S. N. 8110 Albar, J. P. 7992 Albright, T. D. 7611 Al-Chaer, E. D. 7675 Althage, A. 8092 Amson, R. B. 8070 Andersson, B. 8277 Andrau, J.-C. 7815 Antozzi, C. 8086 Arbustini, E. 8144 Archer, S. L. 7944 Arctander, P. 8017 Artun, 0. B. 8307 Asherie, N. 7883 Atkinson, M. A. 8116 Atwell, L. 8003 Axel, R. 8307 Bacher, A. 7831 Ballester, M. 8144 Banks, J. S. 8295 Baratova, L. A. 7827 Barchan, D. 8086 Bartelmez, S. 8126 Basbaum, A. I. 7739 Basilion, J. P. 7871 Baulieu, E.-E. 8196 Beachy, R. N. 7774 Bean, L. E. 8034 Beck, W. T. 7859 Behar, K. L. 8235 Bendahmane, M. 7774 Bender, M. A. 8307 Benedek, G. B. 7883 Bennett, D. L. H. 7714 Bennett, G. J. 7737 Bentele, M. 7950 Berlett, B. S. 7809 Berridge, C. W. 8283 Bhat, U. G. 7859 Bian, D. 7640 Bielsa-Masdeu, A. 8144 Bieniasz, P. D. 7791 Bieszke, J. A. 8034 Bischoff, S. C. 8080 Black, J. A. 7635 Blaho, J. A. 7619 Bloemendal, H. 8074 Bogerd, H. P. 7791 Boon, W. C. 7986 Borkovich, K. A. 8034 Boschiero, C. 7815 Bradbury, E. J. 7714 Braun, E. L. 8034 Breslauer, K. J. 7853 Briand, J.-F. 7815 Brown, J. W. 7803 Brown, P. 8235 Brunhuber, N. M. W. 7905 Buchmeier, M. J. 7774 Bulger, M. 8307 Burkly, L. C. 8132 Bushnell, M. C. 7705 Caldwell, G. M. 8064 Carles, C. 7815 Carmeliet, P. 8138 Carrier, B. 7705 Casey, K. L. 7668 Cesare, P. 7658 Chakshusmathi, G. 7899 Chalikian, T. V. 7853 Chatzipetrou, M. 8132 Chen, J.-I. 7705 Chen, X. 7797 Cheng, Z.-J. 7922 Chock, P. B. 7809 Christensen, B. 8017

Christoffersen, R. E. 7905 Cinatl, J. 7768 Clish, C. B. 8247 Collin, T. 8196 Cooke, H. J. 8040 Cooper, L. N. 8307 Cooper, P. R. 8064 Cordoba-Rodriguez, R. 7650 Costigan, M. 7723 Cross, T. A. 7910 Cullen, B. R. 7791 Cummins, T. R. 7635 Currie, C. R. 7998 Czaja, I. 8307 Dal Bello, B. 8144 D'Alessio, G. 7768 Dallos, P. 8223 Dausset, J. 8070 -Day, C. D. 8064 Dec, G. W. 8144 de Jong, W. W. 8074 De Lorenzo, C. 7768 DeLuca, H. F. 8253 Denavit-Saubie, M. 8196 Deng, C. 8058 Denhardt, D. T. 8156 Denk, W. 8307 de Prat-Gay, G. 7888 Desbarats, J. 8104 Dib-Hajj, S. 7635 Di Gaetano, S. 7768 Dikkes, P. 8283 Dilly-Hartwig, H. G. 8277 Dinauer, M. C. 7944 Dittrich, F. 8241 Dmitriev, 0. Y. 7785 Donovan, J. M. 7883 Dowal, L. 7843 Dranovsky, A. 7932 Driscoll, D. J. 8064 Dubner, R. 7627 Duncan, G. H. 7705 Dunn, A. J. 8283 Edelstein, M. A. C. 8190 Edelstein, P. H. 8190 Eglen, R. M. 7640 Eickbush, T. H. 7847 Eigenthaler, M. 8120 Eils, R. 7950 Eisenreich, W. 7831 Elliott, J. T. 7843 Ellis, T. M. 8116 Engel, A. 8173 Engelhard, M. 7865 Erlich, J. 8138 Falkow, S. 8190 Farrell, C. 8307 Fearns, C. 8138 Fedorova, N. V. 7827 Feingold, M. 7916 Felsenfeld, G. 8307 Feng, Y. 8241 Fernandez, J. M. 7894 Feuillet, C. 8265 Fillingame, R. H. 7785 Fisher, C. R. 7986 Fitchen, J. H. 7774 Fitt, W. K. 8007 Fitzgerald, M. 7719 Fitzpatrick, G. V. 8064 Fleischmann, B. K. 8259 Flores, A. 7815 Fontes, M. 8052 Fost-er, P. L. 7617 Fuchs, G. 7831 Fuchs, S. 8086 Funari, S. S. 7756

Futai, M. 7780 Gadal, 0. 7815 Gahr, M. 8241 Galkin, A. V. 7827 Gambaryan, S. 8120 Gao, Z. 8110 Garavan, H. 8301 Garcia-Domingo, D. 7992 Garen, A. 8161 Gassner, G. T. 7877 Gebhart, G. F. 7687 Geiger, J. 8120 Gendron, M.-C. 8070 Gerdes, H. H. 7950 Ghazanfar, A. A. 8200 Ghazi, A. 8173 Ghetti, B. 8229 Ghisla, S. 7831 Gibbs, M. J. 8022 Giordano, J. 7968 Glabe, C. G. 7932 Glazova, M. 8120 Goedert, M. 8229 Gold, M. 7627 Gold, M. S. 7645 Goldanskii, V. I. 7827 Goldgaber, D. 7932 Goody, R. S. 7865 Goussot, M. 7815 Grandien, A. 7992 Grauso, M. 7768 Graves, K. H. 7986 Grdina, T. A. 7791 Gregori, L. 7932 Grimes, B. 8040 Gronert, K. 8247 Groudine, M. 8307 Gryshchenko, 0. 8259 Gupta, E. 7843 Ha, B. 7705 Haas, E. S. 7803 Hafler, D. A. 8116 Haider, N. 8144 Hall, T. A. 7803 Hlalterman, R. K. 8098 Hlammar, K. 7928 Hanash, S. 8058 Hansen, A. J. 8017 Harlan, D. M. 8132 Harris, J. K. 7803 Hartmann, S. 7831 Hasegawa, M. 8229 Hauser, W. 8120 He, D. Z. Z. 8223 Helmchen, F. 8307 Herliczek, T. 7797 Herrmann, C. 7865 Herrmann, R. G. 8277 Hescheler, J. 8259 Higa, F. 8190 Higgins, M. J. 8064 Hlobson, K. A. 8003 Hofbauer, R. K. 7705 Hoffman, B. M. 7905 Holmberg, C. 7962 Holt, J. 7731 Horak, I. 8120 Hu, W. 7922 Hu, Z. 8161 Hua, X.-Y. 7680 Hultgren, S. J. 8178 Hultschig, C. 7831 Hung, D. L. 8178 Hunter, J. C. 7640 Im, 8.-H. 8086 Israeli, D. 8070 Israels, S. 8144

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Page 3: Back Matter

A UTHOR INDEX, JULY 6, 1999

Iwamoto-Kihara, A. 7780 lzpisua-Belmonte, J. C. 7992 Izui, S. 8098 Jalanko, H. 7962 Janssen, P. 8217 Jennings, E. 7719 Ji, G. J. 8259 John, M. 8307 Jones, M. E. E. 7986 Jones, P. C. 7785 Joyce, J. A. 8064 Kaas, J. H. 7622 Kaether, C. 7950 Kaiser, D. 8052 Kalcheva, I. 7680 Kang, S. 8034 Kao, J. P. Y. 7650 Kassotakis, L. 7640 Katoh, K. 7928 Kaul, M. 8212 Kawaguchi, Y. 8184 Keller, B. 8265 Kelly, C. K. 8013 Kent, S. B. H. 7865 Kent, S. C. 8116 Kenyon, N. S. 8132 Keren, N. 8277 Kerr, B. J. 7714 Kestila, M. 7962 Keyomarsi, K. 7797 Kharbanda, S. 8144 Kirk, A. D. 8132 Kleinfeld, D. 8307 Klug, A. 8229 Knight, S. D. 8178 Knobeloch, K.-P. 8120 Kofman, V. 7905 Kolodgie, F. D. 8144 Koo, M. 7774 Kopell, N. 8206 Kotzin, B. L. 8098 Kovacs, F. 7910 Krakauer, D. C. 8028 Krenn, V. 8120 Krichevsky, 0. 7916 Krupa, D. J. 8200 Krutmann, J. 7974 Ksenofontov, A. L. 7827 Kuick, R. 8058 Kulms, D. 7974 Laccetti, P. 7768 Lacomme, C. 7956 Lai, J. 7640 Lamb, B. 8058 Lane, T. E. 7774 Lenkkeri, U. 7962 Leonardo, E. 7992 Lesmes, L. A. 8289 Lethrone, F. 8070 Lettieri, G. A. 7774 Levine, R. L. 7809 Li, H. 7894 Li, J. 7821 Libchaber, A. 7916 Ling, K. 7922 Lippard, S. J. 7877 Lipscomb, J. D. 7905 Lipton, S. A. 8212 Liu, 0. 8259 Ljungberg, P. 7962 Lomakin, A. 7883 Lorentz, A. 8080 Lossie, A. C. 8064 Lounasmaa, 0. V. 7760 Lowe, M. 7797. Lu, Z.-L. 8289 Lubenow, H. 8307

Luger, T. A. 7974 Luther, T. 8138 Ma, L. 7922 McGill, N. I. 8040 McIntosh, L. 8271 Mackman, N. 8138 McLachlan, R. I. 7986 McMahon, S. B. 7714 McNaughton, P. A. 7658 Madhu, P. K. 7899 Maguire, S. M. 8040 Maher, E. R. 8064 Maier, S. F. 7710 Majzoub, J. A. 8283 Malaviya, R. 8110 Malik, H. S. 7847 Malloch, D. 7998 Manns, M. P. 8080 Manor, Y. 8206 Mansour, S. J. 7968 Mao, J. 7731 Marchese, P. 7837 Marck, C. 7815 Marder, B. 8206 Marron, M. 8116 Marsala, M. 7680 Marsh, J. W. 8167 Marszalek, P. E. 7894 Martinez, P. 7992 Martinez-A, C. 7992 Masetti, M. 8132 Mason, G. F. 8235 Matousek, J. 7768 Maxwell, D. P. 8271 Mayer, D. J. 7731 Meachem, S. J. 7986 Melan?on, P. 7968 Mendell, L. M. 7693 Metzdorf, R. 8241 Michelakis, E. 7944 Miczek, K. A. 8283 Misteli, T. 7950 Mitra, P. P. 8307 Mogil, J. S. 7744 Mohana-Borges, R. 7888 Monaco, C. 7768 Monnet, F. P. 8196 Moore, K. A. 7650 Moran, J. L. 8150 Morgan, D. 0. 7938 Morin-Surun, M. P. 8196 Moriondo, A. 7658 Mueller, U. G. 7998 Muglia, L. J. 8283 Muir, A. 8116 Muller, M. 8138 Murrell, J. R. 8229 Nadim, F. 8206 Narula, J. 8144 Narula, N. 8144 Natvig, D. 0. 8034 Neel, J. V. 8058 Nelson, D. P. 7944 Nemani, M. 8070 Neuberg, D. S. 8116 Newell, M. K. 8104 Nicholls, R. D. 8064 Nicolelis, M. A. L. 8200 Nixon, T. W. 8235 Noda, M. 8156 Nouwen, N. 8173 Novakovic, S. 7640 Nowak, M. A. 8028 Nozaki-Taguchi, N. 7680 Oberhauser, A. F. 7894 O'Brien, J. A. 8247 O'Donnell, L. 7986

Ohad, I. 8277 Oldenbourg, R. 7928 Oliveira, M. 8132 Omote, H. 7780 Orban, G. A. 8217 Oren, M. 8070 Ossipov, M. H. 7640 Pande, J. 7883 Pandey, P. 8144 Pang, Y.-P. 7894 Pannucci, J. A. 7803 Paoletti, A. D. 7774 Parry, G. C. N. 8138 Pasturaud, P. 8070 Paternostro, G. 7614 Paulsen, H. 8277 Pei, G. 7922 Pentyala, S. 7843 Perl, E. R. 7664 Petasis, N. A. 8247 Petersen, K. F. 8235 Petroff, 0. A. C. 8235 Piccoli, R. 7768 Pinkner, J. S. 8178 Piouffre, L. 8070 Plum, G. E. 7853 Poppelmann, B. 7974 Porreca, F. 7640 Porter, D. C. 7797 Price, D. D. 7731 Prieur, S. 8070 Pugsley, A. P. 8173 Puttagunta, L. 7944 Quast, M. J. 7675 Que, L., Jr. 7905 Quine, J. 7910 Raab, R. 8080 Rabert, D. K. 7640 Ranson, N. 8173 Ranuncoli, A. 8132 Rao, S. 7797 Rapp, G. 7756 Ratnaparkhi, G. S. 7899 Raychaudhuri, P. 7859 Rebecchi, M. J. 7843 Reed, J. C. 7614 Reeve, H. L. 7944 Reich, N. 0. 7905 Reik, W. 8064 Reimsneider, S. 8116 Richardson, B. 8058 Ricordi, C. 8132 Ritchie, K. A. 8126 Rittling, S. R. 8156 Robertson, K. M. 7986 Rocklin, A. M. 7905 Rohde, E. 8120 Rohrig, H. 8307 Roizman, B. 8184 Roperch, J.-P. 8070 Ross, A. 8040 Ross, D. 8150 Ross, T. J. 8301 Roth, G. J. 8126 Rothman, D. L. 8235 Rozzo, S. J. 8098 Rubbi, L. 7815 Rudolf, R. 7950 Ruggeri, Z. M. 7837 Ruiz-Sanz, J. 7888 Ruotsalainen, V. 7962 Saibil, H. 8173 St. George-Hyslop, P. H. 7932 Saito, K. 7780 Saitoh, N. 8307 Saldivar, B. 7837 Salter, M. W. 7697

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Page 4: Back Matter

AUTHOR INDEX, JULY 6, 1999

Sambongi, Y. 7780 Sambonmatsu, N. 7780 Sangameswaran, L. 7640 Santa Cruz, S. 7956 Sauer, H. 8259 Saunders, P. T. K. 8040 Saxena, S. 8144 Scarlata, S. 7843 Schell, J. 8307 Scherer, S. W. 7968 Schmidt, G. W. 8007 Schmidt, J. 8307 Schnur, J. M. 7883 Schofield, P. N. 8064 Schrager, J. A. 8167 Schwarz, T. 7974 Schwarzman, A. L. 7932 Sebald, W. 8080 Sellge, G. 8080 Semigran, M. J. 8144 Sentenac, A. 7815 Serhan, C. N. 8247 Shadel, G. S. 8046 She, J.-X. 8116 Shen, J. 8235 Shen, L. X. 7871 Shinki, T. 8253 Shishkov, A. V. 7827 Shivashankar, G. V. 7916 Shouval, H. Z. 8307 Shows, T. B. 8064 Shu, X.-Q. 7693 Shulman, G. I. 8235 Shulman, R. G. 8235 Siegel, D. 8150 Silva, J. L. 7888 Simpson, E. R. 7986 Singh, N. 7932 Sitnicka, E. 8126 Skaug, J. 7968 Slee, R. 8040 Smallwood, A. C. 8064 Smilinich, N. J. 8064 Smith, G. P. 7821 Smith, M. J. 8229 Smith, M. T. 7624 Smith, P. J. S. 7928 Sora, I. 7752 Souroujon, M. C. 8086 Southwood, T. R. E. 8013 Spalletti-Cernia, D. 7768 Spector, D. L. 7950 Speed, R. M. 8040

Sperling, G. 8289 Spillantini, M. G. 8229 Stadtman, E. R. 7809 Staes, K. 7980 Stahl, G. L. 8247 Stanton, V. P., Jr. 7871 Steffensen, J. P. 8017 Stein, E. A. 8301 Storey, C. 8126 Strominger, J. L. 8116 Suda, T. 8253 Sun, Y. 8161 Swiergiel, A. H. 8283 Sydor, J. R. 7865 Taggart, M. 8040 Takizawa, C. G. 7938 Telerman, A. 8070 Telling, A. 8307 Terman, G. W. 7631 Thankavel, K. 8110 Thompson, S. W. N. 7714 Thuneberg, E. 7760 Thuriaux, P. 7815 Tien, M. 7809 Tierney, D. L. 7905 Tryggvason, K. 7962 Tsiper, M. 7932 Tuynder, M. 8070 Tvarusk6, W. 7950 Ueno, Y. 8253 Uhl, G. R. 7752 Urban, M. 0. 7687 van der Merwe, P. A. 8110 van Hengel, J. 7980 Vanhoenacker, P. 7980 Van Mullem, V. 7815 van Rijk, A. A. F. 8074 van Roy, F. 7980 Van Sant, C. 8184 Varadarajan, R. 7899 Varani, G. 8229 Varani, L. 8229 Vellani, V. 7658 Viatchenko-Karpinski, S. 8259 Vink, M. 8277 Virmani, R. 8144 Vitek, M. P. 7932 Vogels, R. 8217 V6lker, J. 7853 von Doorninck, J. H. 8307 Vyse, T. J. 8098 Wada, Y. 7780 Wade, T. 8104

Wade, W. F. 8104 Wagner, G. 7877 Wagner, J. L. 8132 Waite, R. 7944 Walden, R. 8307 Walker, J. C. 7821 Walter, U. 8120 Walters, K. J. 7877 Wang, P. 7922 Wang, T. 7843 Wang, Y. 8046, 8271 Wang, Z. 7752 Ware, J. 7837 Warner, M. E. 8007 Wartiovaara, J. 7962 Wassenaar, L. I. 8003 Wasserfall, C. H. 8116 Watkins, L. R. 7710 Waxman, S. G. 7635 Wegert, S. 7640 Weiller, G. F. 8022 Weinreich, D. 7650 Weir, E. K. 7944 Weis, K. 7938 Weksberg, R. 8064 Weninger, S. C. 8283 Werner, M. 7815 Westlund, K. N. 7675 Wieneke, U. 8307 Willerslev, E. 8017 Willis, W. D. 7675 Wilson, S. B. 8116 Wolpensinger, B. 8173 Woolf, C. J. 7723 Wu, G.-X. 7922 Wu, Y.-L. 7922 Yagi, M. 8126 Yaksh, T. L. 7680 Yanagida, T. 7780 Yang, J. 7847 Yarosh, D. 7974 Yazal, J. E. 7894 Yoshitake, H. 8156 Yu, X.-M. 7697 Yung, R. 8058 Zastavker, Y. V. 7883 Zer, H. 8277 Zhao, J. 7922 Zhao, X.-H. 7968 Zhirnov, 0. P. 7827 Zhu, X. 8058 Zimmer, M. 8120 Zinkernagel, R. M. 8092

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Page 5: Back Matter

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 96, July 1999

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

(Revised June 1999)

PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES USA (PNAS) publishes research reports, commentaries, and colloquium papers. In accordance with the guiding principles established by George Ellery Hale in 1914, PNAS publishes brief first announcements of Academy Members' and Foreign Asso- ciates' (hereafter referred to as Members) more important con- tributions to research and of work that appears to a Member to be of particular importance. PNAS is a general science journal with a broad scientific audience. All papers should be intelligible to this audience.

RESEARCH REPORTS describe the results of original research of exceptional importance.

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Track II. Authors (Members or non-Members) may submit their manuscripts directly to the PNAS office. In a cover letter, authors must name five Members who are expert in the paper's scientific area. The Editorial Board may choose a Member as editor for the paper who is not on that list. The Member-editor conducts the review of the paper as described for Track I. A list of Members including research interests is on the PNAS Home Page (see NAS Members): www.pnas.org. Authors may also suggest qualified referees. The name of the Member-editor, who may remain anonymous to the author until the paper is accepted, will be published in PNAS as editor of the article.

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All Tracks. Manuscripts submitted under any of the three tracks are evaluated by the Editorial Board. The Board may reject manuscripts without further review or may subject manuscripts to review and reject those that do not meet the standards of the journal. Manuscripts rejected by one Member cannot be resubmitted through another Member. When revi- sions are requested prior to final decision, revised papers must be received within three months or they will be treated as new submissions.

In the journal, Track I, II, and III papers are distinguished respectively as "Communicated by," "Edited by," and "Con- tributed by" the responsible Member. Track II papers have an additional identifying footnote.

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(x) SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: Supplementary Material provides a way to enhance papers in PNAS by providing additional substantive data. Supplementary Material is re- viewed along with the paper but instead of appearing in the printed version of the journal, it is distributed via the PNAS web site (www.pnas.org) at the time of publication. Supple- mentary Material is referred to at the appropriate point in the

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Page 6: Back Matter

Information for Authors Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96 (1999) xv

text and cannot be altered by authors after papers have been accepted.

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Manuscript Preparation

Disks. All manuscripts must be accompanied by a computer disk containing the final text. The version on the disk must match the hard copy. Guidelines for papers submitted in TeX or LaTeX may be obtained at www.pnas.org/misc/texdoc.pdf.

Supplementary Material. All Supplementary Material should be saved, preferably in HTML, on a separate floppy disk, marked clearly as "Supplementary Material for the Web" with the title and corresponding author's name. Five clearly marked paper copies of the Supplementary Material should also be supplied, similarly marked. File sizes should be as small as possible. Include a brief description of the contents of each file and the types of files submitted. Please refer to the Supplementary Material in the printed version of your manu- script at an appropriate point in the text or figure/table legend.

Text can be supplied as a file in any format, but for graphics and data, the following are recommended:

.htm, HTML*

.pdf, PostScript file

.gif, Graphical image file*

.jpg, JPEG image file*

.xls, MS Excel spreadsheet

.mov, Quick Time

.wav, Sound

.doc, MS Word 6 document

.txt, Plain ASCII text*

.ps, PostScript file

*These files can be viewed directly on standard web browsers.

Checklist for Submission Submit the following with the cover letter: * Five complete copies (six for Track II submissions) of the

manuscript in final form, double-spaced, pages numbered. * One set of figures for the printer, four sets of high-quality

figures, and one photocopied set of figures. * The final version of the text and any digital art and

Supplementary Material for the Web, each on separate computer disks. Identify the platform, program, first author, date, and file name on the disk label.

* The character count breakdown of the final manuscript. Submit the completed Worksheet for Sizing Papers.

* The completed Copyright Assignment Form. * The completed Documentation Report. * The classification of the paper. * References according to PNAS style.

Manuscript Length. PNAS uses a two-column format av- eraging 60 characters, including spaces, per line. The maximum length of a research article is six printed pages or 47,000 characters, including all text, spaces, and the number of characters displaced by figures, tables, and equations. The total number of characters equals:

The number of characters including spaces in the text (include all parts except tables), plus

The height in cm of each figure at desired printed size x 180 for a one-column figure or x 360 for a two-column figure, plus

The height in number of lines of each table x 60 for a one-column table or x 120 for a two-column table, plus

A 120-character allowance for the space above and below each single column of a figure, table, or equation, plus

An additional 60 characters for each one-column line of equation.

A table that has lines with more than 60 characters plus spaces or a figure that is wider than 8.5 cm takes up two columns in width.

If the word processing program character count excludes spaces, add the word count to the character count to obtain a character count that includes spaces.

EXAMPLE (PROVIDE BREAKDOWN WITH MANUSCRIPT):

Character Material count

All text characters (including title page, abstract, legends, references) plus spaces 25,660

Fig. 1 (1-column, 16 cm high = 180 x 16) 2,880 Fig. 2 (1-column, 12 cm high = 180 x 12) 2,160 Fig. 3 (1-column, 21 cm high = 180 x 21) 3,780 Fig. 4 (1-column, 11 cm high = 180 x 11) 1,980 Fig. 5 (2-column, 17 cm high 360 x 17) 6,120 Table 1 (2-column, 23 lines high = 120 x 23) 2,760 Equations [one 2-line and one 1-line eq., 1-col. (3 x 60)] 180 Space Allowance

4 single-column figures (4 x 120) 480 1 double-column figure (1 x 240) 240 1 double-column table (1 x 240) 240 2 single-column equations (2 x 120) 240

Total characters in paper (must not exceed 47,000) 46,720

Authors will be responsible for additional charges incurred due to shortening overlong papers in proof.

MANUSCRIPT FORMAT Title Page. Include the following information on this page: Classification: Select a major (Physical, Biological, or Social

Sciences) and a minor category from the following. Dual

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Page 7: Back Matter

xvi Information for Authors Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96 (1999)

classifications are permitted between major categories and in exceptional cases, subject to Editorial Board approval, within a major category.

Physical Sciences: Applied Mathematics, Applied Physical Sciences, Astronomy, Chemistry, Computer Sciences, Engineer- ing, Geology, Geophysics, Mathematics, Physics, and Statistics.

Biological Sciences: Agricultural Sciences, Applied Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Genetics, Immunology, Medical Sciences, Microbiology, Neurobiology, Pharmacology, Physiol- ogy, Plant Biology, Population Biology, and Psychology.

Social Sciences: Anthropology, Economic Sciences, Psychol- ogy, Political Sciences, and Social Sciences.

Title: Should not include nonstandard abbreviations and must be brief.

Author affiliation: Include department, institution, and complete address for each author. If there are authors with different affiliations, use superscripts to match authors with institutions.

Corresponding author: The name, complete address, tele- phone and fax numbers, and e-mail address of the author to whom correspondence and proofs should be sent. Mailing and e-mail addresses will appear in print and online.

Manuscript information: The number of text pages (including references and figure legends), of figures, and of tables.

Word and character counts: The number of words in the abstract and the total number of characters in the paper.

Abbreviations footnote: List nonstandard abbreviations used five or more times. Define these where first mentioned in the text and do not use them in the title.

Data deposition footnote: Supply all database accession numbers and/or codes.

Abstract. Provide an abstract of no more than 250 words on page 2 of the manuscript. Abstracts should explain to the general reader the major contributions of the article. Refer- ences in the abstract must be cited in full.

Text. Describe procedures in sufficient detail so that the work can be repeated. Follow the spelling and usage given in Webster's Third New International Dictionary or the Random House Dictio- nary of the English Language. Avoid laboratory jargon. Correct chemical names should be given and strains of organisms should be specified. Trade names should be identified by an initial capital letter with the remainder of the name lowercase. Names and addresses of suppliers of uncommon reagents or instruments should be provided. Use Systeme International (SI) units and symbols whenever possible. When SI units are not used, the factor for conversion should be provided on first usage.

Footnotes. Use symbols in the order , t, t, ?, 11, ,*, tt, 44, ??, TIT.

Acknowledgments. List dedications, acknowledgments, and funding sources.

References. References must be in PNAS style. Only pub- lished or in-press papers and books may be cited in the reference list. Abstracts of papers presented at meetings are not permitted. References should be cited in numerical order as they appear in text. Because tables and figures will be inserted in the text where first cited, references in these sections should be numbered accordingly. All authors (unless there are 10 or more) should be named in the citation. Databases are cited in the text or as footnotes.

The corresponding author must be prepared to provide a signed authorization for the citation of unpublished data and personal communications.

Journal articles are cited as follows: 10. Neuhaus, J.-M., Sitcher, L., Meins, F., Jr., & Boller, T. (1991)

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 10362-10366. For correct abbreviations of journal titles, refer to Chemical

Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI). Articles or chapters in books are cited as follows:

14. Hill, A. V. S. (1991) in Molecular Evolution of the Major Histo- compatibility Complex, eds. Klein, J. & Klein, D. (Springer, Heidelberg), pp. 403-420.

Figure Legends. Provide these separately from the figures. Illustrations. Original drawings, high-quality photographs

or laser prints are required (halftones and color art should be high-quality originals or photographs). Figures should be submitted at the desired printed size, preferably 1 column width (8.4 cm) or the smallest size that will convey the essential scientific information. Two-column figures must be between 8.4 and 17.7 cm wide. If submission at final size is not feasible, indicate the reduction and include one photocopy of figures at final size. Composite figures should be preassembled. Label the back of each figure with the first author's name, the figure number, the orientation (top), and the desired final size. Return of figures cannot be guaranteed.

Digital Art. Art must be on a separate disk from the manuscript and accompanied by camera-ready originals or high-quality laser proofs suitable for scanning. Label the disk with the file name, type, and size. Images must be final size, preferably 1 column (8.4 cm) width. Two-column figures must be between 8.4 and 17.7 cm wide. Composite figures must be preassembled. Indicate the input resolution on any scanned images, the format of any compressed files, and the file format-TIFF and EPS formats for Macintosh or PC are the only acceptable formats. All four-color images must be in EPS format and CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, black) mode. Include the font files for any text. PC or Macintosh versions of Adobe PostScript fonts must be used (no system "bitmap" fonts). Use the following media types: 3.5' diskette; 44-, 88-, 220-MB SyQuest cartridge; 650 MB Magneto-optical disk; CD-ROM; Iomega Zip, Iomega Jaz; Imation Super Disk 120 MB. Details and the Digital Art Submission Checklist are at cjs.cadmus.com/da.

Color Illustrations. Submit one set of prints for the printer (unmounted or mounted on flexible backing) at fina size (pref- erably I column width), or slides with a print or a color photocopy indicating magnification and cropping, and four sets of high- quality prints.

Journal Cover Illustrations. On occasion, PNAS will pub- lish a cover illustration relevant to an article in an issue. Submissions should be scientifically interesting and visually arresting. Illustrations need not be reprinted in the article, but should be representative of the work. Submit two glossy prints 19.5 cm wide by 12 cm high with the top indicated and include a brief caption. Clearly label the submission with the first author's name and the corresponding author's name, address, phone and fax numbers, and e-mail address. Direct submis- sions to the PNAS Office. Illustrations will not be returned unless requested.

Tables. Number tables (Arabic numerals) in the order in which they are cited in the text. Each table should have a brief title, be on a separate page, and be printed double-spaced.

Nomenclature and Style. International standards on nomen- clature should be used. For recommended style guides, no- menclature, abbreviations, and symbols, see www.pnas.org or contact the PNAS office.

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Page 8: Back Matter

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Worksheet for Sizing Research Articles

Author names: _ Ms. No. (if known):

Research articles may be no more than 47,000 characters, including spaces, and thus may not exceed six printed pages. This count includes all text and the number of characters displaced by figures, tables, and equations. The total number of characters equals:

The number of characters including spaces in the text (include all parts except tables), plus The height in cm of each figure at desired printed size* x 180 for a one-column figure or

x 360 for a two-column figure, plus The height in number of lines of each table including spaces x 60 for a one-column table or

x 120 for a two-column table, plus (A table that has lines with more than 60 characters plus spaces or a figure that is wider than 8.5 cm takes up two columns in width.)

A 120-character allowance for space above and below each single column of a figure, table, or equation, plus

An additional 60 characters for each one-column line of equation.

Please use the table below to calculate your character count and submit with your paper. (For a sam- ple calculation, see the Information for Authors in a recent PNAS issue or at www.pnas.org.)

Does your word processing program count spaces?t _ Yes _ _ No (please add spaces) All text characters (including title page,

abstract, legends, references) plus spaces ............................... characters

Fig. 1 ................................................................... Fig. 2 ................................................... Fig. 3 ............................... . . .. .

Fig. 4 ...... I

-

Fig. 5 .-......... Table 1 ........... Table 2 ........... Table 3 .-......... Table 4 .-........

Equation(s) .............___....

Space allowance 120 characters for each one-column figure, table, or equation .........- 240 characters for each two-column figure, table, or equation .........-

Total Characters in Paper (must not exceed 47,000) _ t

*If you are unable to submit figures at final size, please provide a photocopy of figures at final size and indicate desired reduction. tword processing programs differ in how they count characters: not all include spaces. Your character count must include spaces. If your character count excludes spaces, add the word count to the character count to obtain a character count that includes spaces. FOR MACs: For Word 5.1 and Freehand 6.0, the character count includes spaces. FOR PCs: For Word 97, select the character count that includes spaces. For Word versions 6 and 7 (for Windows 95) and WordPerfect 6, add the word count to the character count to obtain a character count that includes spaces. For WordPerfect 5.2 and other programs (MAC or PCS) that give only the word count, multiply the word count by 6.5 (the average number of characters per word including spaces) to obtain the total character count. If your program is not listed above, type a test phrase such as SUBMIT PAPER TO PNAS. If the character count is 21 (or 20), your program includes spaces and this is the number you should report; however, if you get 17 characters your program excludes spaces, and you must add the number of words to the number of characters.

tAuthors may be responsible for additional charges incurred due to shortening papers in proof.

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Page 9: Back Matter

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Author names: Ms. No. (if known):

Documentation Report

Please check, sign, and include this form with your manuscript.

If any of the following items are pertinent to your paper, you must provide the appropriate documentation or statements before we can publish your paper.

Please check the appropriate boxes and sign below:

Ln Structural Coordinate Deposition and Release. Authors of papers reporting new or revised structures must deposit their coordinates in the Protein Data Bank or an equivalent public archive, and the accession numbers must be supplied for publication. You agree, by signing below, that the coordinates will be released when the article is published. A footnote reporting the accession numbers will be added to your paper. You must provide the accession numbers on the page proof.

Ea Sequence Database Deposition. Authors of papers reporting new sequences must submit these data to an appropriate database, and the accession numbers must be supplied for publication. A footnote reporting the accession numbers will be added to your paper. You must provide the accession numbers on the page proof.

El Permission to Print Previously Published Material. If your paper includes material such as figures or tables that have been published previously, whether or not you are an author of the earlier publication, you must provide the previous publisher's permission to republish this material in print and online. We acknowledge that copyright is held by the original publisher. Please let us know which items were published previously and where they appeared:

El None of the 3 items above applies to this paper.

Name (please print)

Signature ....Date

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Page 10: Back Matter

THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, USA (PNAS)

Copyright Assignment

(Please complete this form and submit it with your manuscript)

In order that PNAS may disseminate the WORK to the fullest extent, the author(s) hereby irrevocably grants, assigns, conveys, and transfers exclusively to the National Academy of Sciences (USA) the copyright in the WORK identified herein (including abstracts or summaries submitted with the WORK), under all laws, treaties, and conventions throughout the world in all forms, languages, and media now or hereafter known or developed without limitation in consideration of the publication of the WORK in the PNAS.

The author(s) warrants that the WORK is original, that it has not been published, that the copyright interest has not been assigned, licensed, or otherwise transferred to another party, and that permissions have been obtained and are attached for any portions of the WORK subject to another copyright. Each author identified on the manuscript must sign this form. If any author's signature does not appear below, the signing author(s) represents and warrants that he or she signs this assignment as authorized agent(s) for and on behalf of all the authors and that this assignment is made on behalf of all the authors. The authors shall indemnify the Academy and/or its successors and assigns for any and all claims, costs and expenses, including attorney's fees, arising out of any breach of this warranty or other representations contained herein. This assignment is subject to the following conditions:

The author(s) reserves all proprietary rights, other than copyright, such as patent rights.

The author(s) reserves the right, after publication of the work in PNAS, to use all or part of the WORK in compilations or other publications of the author's own works, and to make copies of all or a part of the WORK for the author's use for lectures, classroom instruction, or similar uses.

If the WORK has been prepared by an employee within the scope of his or her employment, the employer reserves the right to make copies of the WORK for its own internal use.

Title of WORK

Author's Signature Date Author's signature Date

Print Name Print Name

If WORK is a Work Made for Hire and the employer of the author(s) owns the copyright, this assignment must be signed by an authorized representative of the employer.

Name of Employer/Name(s) of Employee(s)

Authorized Signature Date Title

Name of Employer/Name(s) of Employee(s)

Authorized Signature Date Title

(For U.S. Government Employees Only)

I certify that the WORK was written as part of my official duties as an employee of the U.S. government.

Author's Signature Date Author's signature Date

Print Name Print Name

Failure to complete and return this form after acceptance of your WORK for publication will delay or prevent publication of the WORK.

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Page 11: Back Matter

National ; ~~Research

Council * Postdoctoral and Senior

Research Awards . Opportunities for research in:

Life & Medical Sciences Space & Planetary Sciences

Earth & Atmospheric Sciences Engineering, Mathematics

& Applied Sciences Chemistry; Physics

Also teaching/research opportuni- ties at the US Military Academy in Mathematics, Physics & Mechani- cal Engineering * 350 awards for independent re- search at over 120 laboratories rep- resenting nearly all US Government agencies with research facilities * 12-month awards renewable for a total of 3 years maximum + Annual stipend for recent Ph.D. or M.D. graduates $30,000 to $50,000; higher for additional experience * Support for relocation, professional travel, health insurance * 3 annual award competitions for most participating laboratories with deadlines of January 15, April 15 and August 15.

*.................................--.......

For application materials and further information contact: MAIL: Associateship Programs

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 2101 Constitution Ave NW (TJ2114/PR) Washington, DC 20418

:TEL: (202) 334-2760: .FA&)(: (202) 334-2759 :E-MAIL: [email protected]: *INTERNET: national-academies.org/rap :Qualified applicants will be reviewed without regard to : *race, creed, color, age, sex or national orgin.

IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Read the award-winning science policy journal, published by the National Academy of Sciences

and the Cecil and Ida Green Center at

the University of Texas at Dallas.

You'll find expert opinions on the environment, health, R&D, defense, education, and many

more topics.

PNAS Classified Ads

Advertise positions, meetings, and fellowships through the PNAS Classified Ads.

Classified Rates Full Page (7" x 10") $950 Half Page (Vertical 3 3/8" x 10";

Horizontal 7" x 4 7/8") $550 Quarter Page (3 3/8" x 4 7/8") $300

PNAS Advertising Sales Office M. J. Mrvica Associates 2 West Taunton Avenue Berlin, NJ 08009 USA Phone: 1-609-768-9360 Fax: 1-609-753-0064

National Academy of Sciences Members should contact Joanne D'Amico at PNAS for special discounts (Phone: 1-202-334-2672, Fax: 1-202-334- 2739, Email: jd'[email protected]).

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Page 12: Back Matter

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Call for Nominations -Awards

The Academy presents a number of awards to recognize individuals whose contributions have made a major impact on science. Nominations for awards to be presented in the year 2000 will be accepted through Sept. 1, 1999. Visit our Web site at national-academies.org/nas for more information to obtain a nomination form.

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

NAS Award in Molecular Biology -Supported by the Monsanto Company Awarded annually for recent notable discovery in molecular biology by a young U.S. scientist.

NAS Award for Scientific Reviewing -Established by Annual Reviews, Inc. and the Institute

for Scientific Information in honor of J. Murray Luck Awarded annually to recognize authors whose reviews have synthesized extensive and difficult material, rendering a significant service to science and influencing the course of scientific thought. The next award will be given in neuroscience.

Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal Awarded for meritorious work in zoology or paleontology published in a three- to five-year period.

Gilbert Morgan Smith Medal Awarded every three years for excellence in published research on marine or freshwater algae.

SOCIAL SCIENCES

Troland Research Awards Two awards, each given annually to young investigators (age 40 or younger) to recognize unusual achievement and to further empirical research in psychology regarding the relationships of consciousness and the physical world.

NAS Award for Behavioral Research Relevant to the Prevention of Nuclear War Awarded approximately every three years to recognize basic research in any field of cognitive or behavioral science that has employed rigorous formal or empirical methods, optimally a combination of these, to advance our understanding of problems or issues relating to the risk of nuclear war.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, MATHEMATICS, AND ENGINEERING

John J. Carty Award for the Advancement of Science -Established by the AT&T Company Awarded every three years for noteworthy and distinguished accomplishment in any field of science within the charter of the Academy. The next award will be given in astronomy/ astrophysics.

J. Lawrence Smith Medal Awarded every three years for original investigations of meteoric bodies.

NAS Award in Chemical Sciences -Supported by The Merck Company Foundation Awarded annually for innovative research in the chemical sciences that in the broadest sense contributes to a better understanding of the natural sciences and to the benefit of humanity.

NAS Award for Initiatives in Research -Established by AT&T Bell Laboratories in honor of

William 0. Baker and supported by Lucent Technologies Awarded annually to recognize innovative young scientists and to encourage research likely to lead to new capabilities for human development. The next award will be given in geochemistry/geophysics.

NAS Award in Mathematics -Established by the American Mathematical Society Awarded every four years for excellence of research in the mathematical sciences published within the past ten years.

NAS Award in Aeronautical Engineering Awarded every five years for excellence in the field of aeronautical engineering.

GENERAL

Public Welfare Medal Awarded annually by the Council of the Academy in recognition of distinguished contributions in the application of science to the public welfare.

~CS OF ~ftt

~ National Academy of Sciences ,/ ,41r Awards Program

( 2101 Constitution Ave., N.W., Room 185 '' / ~. Washington, DC 20418

/lsb98el4e 1 (202) 334-1602 - -Fax: (202) 334-2153 E-mail: [email protected] -Web: national-academies.org/nas

(UDEND 6

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Page 13: Back Matter

,c~SQF~ NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES COLLOQUIA

BOUND REPRINTS bOUNDEIl X%s NO W A VAILABLE

In 1991, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) inaugurated a series of scientific colloquia, several of which are held each year under the auspices of the NAS Council Committee on Scientific Programs. These colloquia address scientific topics of broad and topical interest that cut across two or more traditional disciplines. Typically two days long, these colloquia are international in scope and bring together leading scientists in their field.

Papers presented at these colloquia are published in the Proceedings of the NationalAcademy of Sciences (ENAS) and are available on-line (www.pnas.org). Because they have generated much interest, these papers now will be available in the form of collected bound reprints, which may be ordered through the National Academy Press.

Currently available are:

Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change ($1 1.00) Held November 13-15, 1995 (Irvine, CA)

Computational Biomolecular Science ($16.00) Held September 12-13, 1997 (Irvine, CA)

Earthquake Prediction ($16.00) Held February 10-1 1, 1995 (Irvine, CA)

Elliptic Curves and Modular Forms ($7.00) Held March 15-17, 1996 (Washington, DC)

Genetic Engineering of Viruses and Viral Vectors ($21.00)

Held June 9 -11, 1996 (Irvine, CA)

Genetics and the Origin of Species ($8.00) Held January 31 -February 1, 1 997(Irvine, CA)

New! Geology, Mineralogy and Human Welfare ($11.00)

Held November 8-9, 1998 (Irvine, CA)

Neuroimaging of Human Brain Function ($17.00)

Held May 29-31, 1997 (Irvine, CA)

Newl Plants and Population: Is There Time? ($8.00) Held December 5-6, 1998 (Irvine, CA)

Protecting Our Food Supply: The Value of Plant Genome Initiatives ($13.00)

Held May 29-31, 1997 (Irvine, CA)

Science, Technology, and the Economy ($12.00) Held November 20-22, 1995 (IMine, CA)

The Age of the Universe, Dark Matter, and Structure Formation ($13.00)

Held March 21-23, 1997 (Irvine, CA)

Papers from future colloquia will be available for purchase after they appear in PNAS.

Shipping and Handling Charges In the U.S. and Canada please add $4.50 for the first reprint ordered and $0.95 for each additional reprint.

Ordering Information Telephone orders will be accepted only when charged to VISA, Mastercard, or American Express accounts.

TO ORDER CALL TOLL-FREE 1-800-624-6242 OR ORDER ON-LINE (WWW.NAP.EDU) AND RECEIVE A 20% DISCOUNT

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Page 14: Back Matter

?7 Z National Academy of Sciences O>^ 7>4W *t 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW

X Washington, DC 20418

JNnwns OF7f

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