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Back MatterSource: Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 56, No. 3 (Oct., 1987), p. ivPublished by: British Ecological SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4980 .

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VOLUME 24 NUMBER 2 AUGUST 1987

THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY CONTENTS

C. R. Dickman. Habitat fragmentation and vertebrate species richness in an urban environment D. C. D. Happold and M. Happold. Small mammals in pine plantations and natural habitats on Zomba Plateau, Malawi R. J. Putman, R. M. Pratt, J. R. Ekins and P. J. Edwards. Food and feeding behaviour of cattle and ponies in the New Forest, Hampshire B. H. Walker, R. H. Emslie, R. N. Owen-Smith and R. J. Scholes. To cull or not to cull: lessons from a southern African drought B. E. Coblentz and D. W. Baber. Biology and control of feral pigs on Isla Santiago, Galapagos, Ecuador A. H. Taylor and Q. Zisheng. Culm dynamics and dry matter production of bamboos in the Wolong and Tangjiahe giant panda reserves, Sichuan, China J. Thioulouse. Space-time structures in a winter rape pest population, Psylliodes chrysocephala (Col., Chrysomelidae): methodological proposals and biological interpretations M. G. Morris and W. E. Rispin. Abundance and diversity of the coleopterous fauna of a calcareous grassland under different cutting regimes M. S. Warren. The ecology and conservation of the heath fritillary butterfly, Mellicta athalia. I. Host selection and phenology M. S. Warren. The ecology and conservation of the heath fritillary butterfly, Mellicta athalia. II. Adult population structure and mobility M. S. Warren. The ecology and conservation of the heath fritillary butterfly, Mellicta athalia, III. Population dynamics and the effect of habitat management R. D. Hughes, L. T. Woolcock, J. A. Roberts and M. A. Hughes. Biological control of the spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis trifolii f. maculata, on lucerne crops in Australia, by the introduced parasitic hymenopteran Trioxys complanatus 0. Anderbrant and F. Schlyter. Ecology of the Dutch elm disease vectors Scolytus laevis and S. scolytus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in southern Sweden M. Miinster-Swendsen. Index of vigour in Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) M. Munster-Swendsen. The effect of precipitation on radial increment in Norway spruce (Picea abies Korst.) and on the dynamics of a lepidopteran pest insect B. A. Hunter, M. S. Johnson and D. J. Thompson. Ecotoxicology of copper and cadmium in a contaminated grassland ecosystem. I. Soil and vegetation contamination B. A. Hunter, M. S. Johnson and D. J. Thompson. Ecotoxicology of copper and cadmium in a contaminated grassland ecosystem. II. Invertebrates B. A. Hunter, M. S. Johnson and E. J. Thompson. Ecotoxicology of copper and cadmium in a contaminated grassland ecosystem. III. Small mammals K. Homewood and J. Lewis. Impact of drought on pastoral livestock in Baringo, Kenya 1983-85 P. J. Dye and F. H. Walker. Patterns of shoot growth in a semi-arid grassland in Zimbabwe R. M. Cowling and B. B. Lamont. Post-fire recruitment of four co-occuring Banksia species W. M. Porter, A. D. Robson and L. K. Abbott. Field survey of the distribution of vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to soil pH W. M. Porter, A. D. Robson and L. K. Abbott. Factors controlling the distribution of vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to soil pH P. S. Cocks and T. A. M. Ehrman. The geographic origin of frost tolerance in Syrian pasture legumes C. L. Mohler and M. Liebman. Weed productivity and composition in sole crops and intercrops of barley and field pea Reviews

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VOLUME 75 NUMBER 3 SEPTEMBER 1987

THE JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY

CONTENTS E. R. Bullard, H. D. H. Shearer, J. D. Day and R. M. M. Crawford. Survival and flowering of Primula scotica Hook. T. M. Smith and P. S. Goodman. Successional dynamics in an Acacia nilotica-Euclea divinorum savannah in Southern Africa P. A. Chambers and J. Kalff. Light and nutrients in the control of aquatic plant community structure. I. In situ experiments P. A. Chambers. Light and nutrients in the control of aquatic plant community structure. II. In situ observations W. A. Reiners and G. E. Lang. Changes in litterfall along a gradient in altitude A. J. Slade and M. J. Hutchings. The effects of light intensity on foraging in the clonal herb Glechoma hederacea J. Schmitt, J. Eccleston and D. W. Ehrhardt. Dominance and suppression, size-dependent growth and self-thinning in a natural Impatiens capensis population G. G. Whitney. An ecological history of the Great Lakes forest of Michigan R. G. Butson, P. Knowles and R. E. Farmer Jr. Age and size structure of marginal disjunct populations of Pinus resinosa A. R. Miller, R. L. Lowe and J. T. Rotenberry. Succession of diatom communities on sand grains M. J. Hutchings. The population biology of the early spider orchid, Ophrys sphegodes Mill. I. A demographic study from 1975 to 1984 M. J. Hutchings. The population biology of the early spider orchid, Ophrys sphegodes Mill. II. Temporal patterns in behaviour D. I. Siegel and P. H. Glaser. Groundwater flow in a bog-fen complex. Lost River peatland, Northern Minnesota D. J. Tolsma, W. H. 0. Ernst, R. A. Verweij and R. Vooijs. Seasonal variation of nutrient concentrations in a semi-arid savanna ecosystem in Botswana H. M. Alexander. Pollination limitation in a population of Silene alba infected by the anther-smut fungus, Ustilago violacea A. M. O'Connell. Litter dynamics in karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor) forests of south-western Australia R. J. Flower, R. W. Battarbee and P. G. Appleby. The recent palaeolimnology of acid lakes in Galloway, south-west Scotland: diatom analysis, pH trends, and the role of afforestation J. F. Quinn and G. R. Robinson. The effects of experimental subdivision on flowering plant diversity in a California annual grassland K. A. Vogt, D. J. Vogt, E. E. Moore, B. A. Fatuga, M. R. Redlin and R. L. Edmonds. Conifer and angiosperm fine-root biomass in relation to stand age and site productivity in Douglas-fir forests R. Law and A. R. Watkinson. Response-surface analysis of two-species competition: an experiment of Phleum arenarium and Vulpiafasciculata Reviews

Published four times a year; subscription for 1987: post free ?77.00 (overseas ?92.50; U.S.A. and Canada $152.50, including cost of airfreight)

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CAMBRIDGE

Primate Ecology and Conservation Selected Proceedings of the Tenth Congress of the International Primatological Society, Volume 2

Edited by JAMES G. ELSE and PHILLIS C. LEE In this volume, research on feeding behaviour, nutrition and digestive physiology from captive and wild primates is presented. Correlates of the habitat and social organisation are discussed, and then integrated with the pressing problem of how to conserve primates. 403 pp. 1986

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Biological Surveys of Estuaries and Coasts Edited byJ. M. BAKER and W.J. WOLFF This is an introduction to biological survey methods for estuaries and coasts (excluding specifically tropical features). It covers a wide range of techniques together with their advantages and limitations for achieving particular objectives. A guide to identification literature is included. Estuarine and Brackish Water Sciences Association Handbook 449 pp. 1987

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The objective of this new series is to demonstrate how ecological research should be applied in the formation of rational management programmes for natural resources, particularly where social, economic or conservation issues are involved.

Seabirds: Feeding Biology and Role in Marine Ecosystems Edited by J. F. CROXALL This is concerned with the ways in which seabirds function as predators in the marine environment; in particular about how they find and catch food and how much of it they consume. 416 pp. 1987

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Ecological Studies in Tropical Fish Communities R. H. LOWE-McCONNELL Tropical fish present some of the best examples of how new species evolve and how complex ecological communities are maintained. This book brings together for the first time the results of widely scattered literature and research on fish in tropical habitats. Cambridge Tropical Biology Series 382 pp. 1987

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Kangaroos Their Ecology and Management in the Sheep Rangelands Edited by GRAEME CAUGHLEY, NEIL SHEPHERD and JEFF SHORT The management of kangaroos is one of the most controversial issues in Australian wildlife management today - kangaroos are 'in plague proportions' or 'on the verge of extinction' depending on to whom you last spoke. This book examines the ecology and management of kangaroos. 253 pp. 1987

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The Cambridge Illustrated Dictionary of Natural History , R.J. LINCOLN and G. A. BOXSHALL u

This concise dictionary of organisms and their ecology contains over 8000 entries on ecosystems, habitats, communities, populations, species, trophic structures, productivity, energetics, dynamics, associations, behaviour, reproduction and physiology. The taxonomy of plants, animals, monerans, protistans and fungi down to ordinal level is introduced.The definitions which are short and concise give details of structure, biology, distribution, diversity, common names and taxa of special interest. The text is complemented by some 700 illustrations. 408pp. 1987 0 521 30551 9 ?15.00 net

The Natural History of Lakes MARYJ. BURGIS and PAT MORRIS This fully-illustrated and clearly written introduction to the fascinating world of lakes explains the properties of lake water, the formation of lakes and their dramatic seasonal patterns, and the plants and animals that they support. With the aid of beautiful colour plates, the remarkable variety of the world's lakes is then described: from the frozen lakes of Antarctica, to the dramatic high-altitude lakes such as Titicaca. Having provided a picture of lakes as dynamic but delicate habitats, the authors finally discuss the crucial questions of conservation. 248pp. 1987 0 521 30793 7 ?17.50 net

Antarctic Science Edited by D. W. H. WALTON This beautifully illustrated book reviews the development of science in Antarctica from its early beginnings, in the age of Captain Cook, to the present complexity of the 1980s when :ANTARCT research teams from many nations work side by side. Three major areas - Biological Science, Earth Science and Atmospheric Science - are examined individually, highlighting the principal achievements of the past 25 years, and providing an up-to-date account of our present understanding of this frozen continent. The future of the Antarctic Treaty and the probable main directions of future research provide an indication of the importance of this unique laboratory to all scientific disciplines. 280 pp. 1987 0 521 26233 X ?25.00 net

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Bird Study The Official Journal of the British Trust for Ornithology

Edited by J.J.D. Greenwood Department of Biological Sciences, The University, Dundee DDI 4HN, U.K.

Bird Study is the official journal of the British Trust for Ornithology, a body which has been a prime contributor to the field of ornithological research in Great Britain for many years. Published since 1954, the journal is noted for its original papers on all aspects of ornithology, especially distribution, status censusing, migration, population, habitat and breeding ecology. These include the results of BTO surveys, and occasional invited review papers; book reviews appear regularly. While the journal concentrates on the birds of Western Europe, significant papers from elsewhere are also welcomed. Bird Study caters for the professional and serious amateur alike and aims at the middle ground, eschewing both the frankly popular and the esoteric.

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THE BRITISH ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY Officers and Council for the year 1987

President C. H. GIMINGHAM

President elect R. J. BERRY

Vice-Presidents P. J. GRUBB and J. B. WHITTAKER

Honorary Treasurers R. A. BENTON (Council)

Department of Environmental Biology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL B. D. TURNER (Membership)

Department of Biology, King's College London, Campden Hill Road, Kensington, London W8 YAH

Honorary Secretaries A. J. C. MALLOCH (Council)

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YQ P. J. EDWARDS (Meetings)

Department of Biology, The University, Southampton S09 5NH

Honorary Editors of the Journal of Ecology B. Moss, J. A. LEE and J. WHITE

Honorary Editors of the Journal of Animal Ecology L. R. TAYLOR and J. M. ELLIOTT

Honorary Editors of the Journal of Applied Ecology W. C. BLOCK and J. MILES

Honorary Editors of Functional Ecology P. CALOW and J. GRACE

Honorary Editor of the Bulletin M. R. YOUNG

Supervising Editor of Symposia and Special Publications E. BROADHEAD

Ordinary Members of Council

Retiring 1987 1989 1990 S. BUCKNALL M. J. CRAWLEY A. H. FITTER R. A. BROWN B. N. K. DAVIES M. HALF E. T. IDLE S. MCNEILL A. G. HILDREW M. H. UNSWORTH A. R. WATKINSON N. R. WEBB S. R. J. WOODELL

The British Ecological Society was founded in April 1913, when it replaced the British Vegetation Committee (founded in 1904). The objects of the Society are to advance the education of the public and to advance and support research in the subject of ecology as a branch of natural science, and to disseminate the results of such research. It does this by publishing the Journal of Ecology, the Journal of Animal Ecology, the Journal of Applied Ecology, Functional Ecology and a Bulletin for members, and by holding regular meetings and symposia on subjects of current ecological interest. At present these are held in December, March or April, and July, in various places. The meeting in March or April is a symposium and that in July is devoted primarily to excursions to places of ecological interest. Additional meetings are organized by six specialist groups.

MEMBERSHIP of the Society is open to all, whether or not they reside in the British Isles, who are genuinely and personally interested in Ecology and wish to receive the Society's journals for their own use. The minimum subscription for ordinary membership is ?5.50 due on 1 January each year, and this entitles members to attend the meetings and make use of other facilities that the Society may offer, to vote in the election of Council and Officers and to be eligible for election to Council and Office. For a subscription of ?13.50 members may receive one journal, for ?21.50 two journals, for ?29.50 three journals and for ?37.50 allfour journals. Student membership is available at ?3.50 (no journal), ?8.50 (one journal), ?13.50 (two journals), ?18.50 (three journals) and ?23.50 (four journals). A surcharge of 50p applies for those not paying by Direct Debit.

Full details of membership and an application form may be obtained on request from the British Ecological Society, a company registered in England No. 1522897 and limited by guarantee. Registered office: Burlington House, Piccadilly, London W1V OLQ.



VOLUME 56 * NUMBER 3, OCTOBER 1987

THE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY

World list abbreviation: J. Anim. Ecol.

CONTENTS PAGE

R. E. Jones, V. G. Nealis, P. M. Ives and L. Scheermeyer. Seasonal and spatial variation in juvenile survival of the cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae: evidence for patchy density dependence 723 R. E. Jones. Ants, parasitoids, and the cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae 739 G. Caughley, J. Short, G. C. Grigg and lI. Nix. Kangaroos and climate: an analysis of distribution 751 H. D. J. N. Aldridge and I. L. Rautenbach. Morphology, echolocation and resource partitioning in insectivorous bats 763 D. P. Cowan. Group living in the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): mutual benefit or resource localization? 779 H. L. Gibbs and P. R. Grant. Adult survivorship in Darwin's ground finch (Geospiza) populations in a variable environment 797 M. J. Banks and D. J. Thompson. Lifetime reproductive success of females of the damselfly Coenagrion puella 815 M. Tokeshi and C. R. Townsend. Random patch formation and weak competition: coexistence in an epiphytic chironomid community 833 P. Lundberg. Breeding seasons of North Scandinavian starlings (Sturnus vulgaris): constrained by food or time? 847 T. H. Clutton-Brock, S. D. Albon and F. E. Guinness. Interactions between population density and maternal characteristics affecting fecundity and juvenile survival in red deer 857 M. de L. Brooke and N. B. Davies. Recent changes in host usage by cuckoos Cuculus canorus in Britain 873 R. A. Desharnais and L. Liu. Stable demographic limit cycles in laboratory p)opulations of Tribolium castaneum 885 F. J. Bonaccorso and T. J. Gush. Feeding behaviour and foraging strategies of captive phyllostomid fruit bats: an experimental study 907 S. G. Nilsson. Limitation and regulation of population density in the nuthatch Sitta europaea (Aves) breeding in natural cavities 921 F. G. Whoriskey and G. J. Fitzgerald. Intraspecific competition in sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae: Pisces): does mother nature concur? 939 J. C. Delbeek and D. D. Williams. Food resource partitioning between sympatri: populations of brackishwater sticklebacks 949 K. H. Lakhani. Efficient estimation of age-specific survival rates from ring recovery data of birds ringed as yotig, augmented by field information 969 A. W. Illius and I. J. Gordon. The allometry of food intake in grazing ruminants 989 J. W. A. Grant and D. L. G. Noakes. Movers and stayers: foraging tactics of young-of-the-year brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis 1001 L. W. Simmons. Competition between larvae of the field cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) and its effects on some life-history components of fitness 1015 Y. Yamada. Factors determining the rate of parasitism by a parasitoid with a low fecundity, Chrysis shanghaiensis (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) 1029 H. Weimerskirch, J. Clobert and P. Jouventin. Survival in five southern al ttrosses and its relationship with their life history 1043 Y. Ayal. The foraging strategy of Diaeretiella rapae. I. The concept of the elementary unit of foraging 1057 E. S. Adams and S. C. Levings. Territory size and population limits in mangrove termites 1069 Reviews 1083

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