Back Matter Source: The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 15, No. 2 (Jun., 1971) Published by: Sage Publications, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/173474 . Accessed: 09/05/2014 17:00 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. . Sage Publications, Inc. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Conflict Resolution. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 169.229.32.138 on Fri, 9 May 2014 17:00:14 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
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Back MatterSource: The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 15, No. 2 (Jun., 1971)Published by: Sage Publications, Inc.Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/173474 .
Accessed: 09/05/2014 17:00
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].
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School Desegregation and Racial Cleavage, 1954-1970: A Review of the Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Martha W. Carithers
Intervention Research and the Survey Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John M. Goering & Marvin Cummins
The Politicization of Evaluation Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carol H. Weiss
Changing Patterns of Anti-White Attitudes Among Blacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jeffery M. Paige
Three Studies of the Preference of Students of Different Races for Actors in Interracial Theatre Productions. . . . . . . . . . . . . James Hoetker & Gary Siegel
The Epidemiological Distribution of CNS Dysfunction . . . . . . . . . . Dominic Amante, Phillip H. Margules, Donna M. Hartman, Delores B. Storey, & Lewis John Weeber
The Effects of an Interracial Preschool Program upon Racial Preference, Knowledge of Racial Differences, and Racial Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roland C. Crooks
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Comparative Studies in Society and History Volume 13, Number 2, April 1971
Special Issue on Tradition and Modernity
Editorial Foreword EDWARD SHILS Tradition MILTON SINGER Beyond Tradition and Modernity in Madras R. S. KHARE Home and Office: Some Trends of Modernization among the Kanya-Kubja
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R. D. JESSOP Civility and traditionalism in English political culture J. DENNIS, L. LINDBERG, AND D. McCRONE Support for nation and gov-
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Foreign Policy Analysis: The Middle East-G. Kent
International Law and some Problems of Peace and Future Research-M. Mushkat
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BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE VOLUME 15 - NUMBER 6 - NOVEMBER 1970
Some Social and Psychological Properties of Zinacanteco Shamans by Horacio Fabrega, Jr. and Daniel Silver
Can Feelings Be Enumerated? by Kurt W. Back and Linda Brookover Bourque Ambivalence and Indifference in Generalizations of Structural Balance by
Dorwin Cartwright and Frank Harary Judgment Policy and Interpersonal Learning by David A. Summers, J. Dale
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COMPUTERS IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
MANPLAN: A Micro-simulator for Manpower Planning by James R. Mil- ler, III, and Mason Haire
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VOL. XXI No. 1 1969 INNOVATION IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Development Administration and Administrative Reform . . . . . . . . . . Gerald E. Caiden The New Systems Budgeting and the Developing Nations . . . . . . . . . . Itzhak Galnoor &
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CENTRE D'ETUDES SOCIOLOGIQUES - CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE
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LES FAITS ECONOMIQUES Jean CUISENIER Sur l'action economique Pierre KENDE L'optimation des ressources dans une economie planifiee. Jacques LAUTMAN La speculation, facteur d'ordre ou de desordre? Annie JACOB-ORY Formes d'organisation patronales ct limitation de la concurrence Frangoise LOUX Comportement economique d'ouvriers en milieu rural Christine DELPHY Le patrimoine et la double circulation des biens dans l'espace eco-
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BAIN, HENRY, Nigel Howard, and Thomas L. Saaty. Using the Analysis of Options tech- nique to analyze a community conflict. Journal of Conflict Resolution, XV, 2 (June 1971), 1f 133-144.
The Analysis of Options is a technique for investigating the stability of various proposed I * solutions to a conflict between several parties. All the parties involved and the options
available to each of them are listed by the assignment of 0 (in favor) or 1 (opposed) to 0 each option. The set of assignments is a possible outcome of the conflict. Several tables are developed from the stand point of the preferences of each party, or coalitions of the parties. One such table contains a listing of a proposed outcome as solution, or status quo, I and all other outcomes are given in either a preferred or not preferred (to the status quo) category. Elementary game theoretic ideas of stability are used to study whether the status quo outcome is stable under sanctions by opposing parties. The procedure is applied in this paper to the subway-highway debate of the District of Columbia which has been at an im- passe for over a decade. The costs keep rising and attempts to break the impasse have re-
* suIted in falling back into it. A summary of the status of the problem from the Congres- sional Record, two years after the analysis, is included in the epilogue. Other applications are mentioned.
BALDWIN, DAVID A. The costs of power. Journal of Conflict Resolution, XV, 2 (June 1971), 145-155.
Social scientists have been slow to incorporate the concept of costs into the concept of power. Harsanyi's initial statement should be elaborated in order to facilitate the linking of
Deductive and inductive theories. This elaboration is focused on four topics: (1) The cost accounting problems associated with each of Harsanyi's four influence techniques; (2) The indirect costs and benefits of the actor's influence attempt; (3) The difficulties of linking costs to perceptions; (4) The difference between Deutsch's concept of costs as changes accepted by the actor and Harsanyi's concept of costs as net disadvantages to the actor. The paper is relevant to the continuing effort to develop a comprehensive theory of social power by integrating the findings of psychology, sociology, economics, and political science.
BIXENSTINE,V. EDWIN, and Jacquelyn W. Gaebelein. Strategies of "real" others in elicit- ing cooperative choice in a Prisoner-'s Dilemma game. Journal of Conflict Resolution, XV,
,2 ( June 1971), 157-166.
Strategies of choice for other in a PD game were generated in terms of two considerations regarding the subject's (S's) prior choice: (a) whether the choice was cooperative or com- petitive; and (b) whether it was transient or persevering. Probability functions were assigned such that other would match S's prior choice immediately or gradually within four per- mitted strategy classes: Quick (to match cooperation)-Quick (to match competition); Quick- Slow; Slow-Quick; and Slow-Slow. One additional strategy was generated in which other immediately matched S's cooperative choice, and then gradually mismatched it (called Defect-Slow or "Trap"). Fifty men and 50 women students given 150 trials in like-sexed pairs demonstrated distinct choice characteristics under the five strategies. Ss under Slow- Slow were most cooperative, while those under Slow-Quick and Defect-Slow (Trap) were least cooperative. Other's probability slope to S's prior competition was the most pertinent variable, but was conditional on the probability slope to S's prior cooperation. Supporting E data were adduced and the results discussed.E
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I I I I______""__"___"_______________________ _'
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JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Devoted to applications of experimental behavioral science research to problems of society
New quarterly journal bridging the theoretical and applied areas of socially oriented research in psychology. Presents original papers reporting laboratory or field research in socially relevant fields of inquiry. Focuses on race relations, discrimination, group tensions, political participation, extremism, violence, delinquency, poverty, overcrowding, effects of accelerated cultural change, impact of revolutionary movements, international negotiations, and topics in research related to war and peace.
"The appearance of this journal, frankly concerned with applied problems in the social realm, is heartening to those of us who wish to see social science become more responsible, both as a science upon whose conclusions we can depend, and as an ad- junct to the policy process. This new forum should facilitate this march toward in- creased responsibility." Ernest R. Hilgard
Editor Siegfried Streufert
Associate Editors: Howard L. Fromkin, Joan S. Suppes
Editorial Board: J. Stacy Adams, Michael Argyle, Chris Argyris, Carl W. Backman, Lee A. Becker, Daryl J. Bem, Timothy C. Brock, Philip M. Burgess, Donn Byrne, John Capaldi, John B. Carroll, Morton Deutsch, Leonard W. Doob, Fred E. Fiedler, Jonathan L. Freedman, David C. Glass, Martin Irle, Robert L. Kahn, James G. Kelly, John T. Lanzetta, Bibb Latane, Matthew B. Miles, Thomas M. Ostrom, Martin Patchen, Lyman W. Porter, Dean G. Pruitt, Stanley Schachter, Edgar H. Schein, William H. Starbuck, Peter Suedfeld, John W. Thibaut, Harry C. Triandis, Harry S. Upshaw, Richard L. Walton, Ben J. Winer, Lawrence S. Wrightsman, Robert B. Zajonc, Phillip G. Zimbardo.
A few selections from the first issue ...
Toward a Responsible Social Science-Ernest R. Hilgard Effects of Crowding on Human Task Performance-Jonathan L. Freedman, Simon Klevansky,
Michael Katz and Paul Ehrlich Indirect Communication and the Search for Agreement in Negotiations-Dean G. Pruitt The Anatomy of Revolutionists-El/is R. Gold, Lucy N. Friedman and Richard Christie Reaction to a Campus Confrontation-Yakov M. Epstein, Peter Suedfeld and Daniel M. Bresnahan Early Election Returns and the Voting Behavior of Adolescent Voters-Leon Mann, Robert
Rosenthal and Ronald R. Abeles
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WILSON, WARNER. Reciprocation and other techniques for inducing cooperation in the Prisoner's Dilemma game. Journal of Conflict Resolution, XV, 2 (June 1971), 167-195.
Undergraduates (520 males) forming 260 teams played a Prisoner's Dilemma game for 300 or more trials. Teams made more cooperative choices in response to a tit-for-tat strategy, played by a simulated opposing team, than they did in response to any of three variations on a tit-for-tat theme (p < .05). A preliminary period of 30 competitive choices resulted in more cooperation during the 300 main trials (p < .05). In all conditions, partners received better ratings than opponents (p < .01). When the Ss played confederates, they favored the ingroup most on sociometric traits (p < .05). When they played other naive Ss, they favored the ingroup most on motive traits (borderline significance). This last result agrees with three earlier studies using only naive subjects and supports a hypothesis of selective bias in intergroup perceptions. A striking contrast occurred between the high level of cooperation (68 percent) elicited by the predictable, reciprocal programmed strategies and the much lower level (43 percent) which occurred in the natural play condition. The discussion suggests the general applicability of a predictably contingent strategy.
*" -- -- -- W- N O- - mm .wow----- -. - =M-m M M - W----------- -M M - -M - -- -- - -M- - --- mm-a - -- mmmmmmmo- - aw-
TEDESCHI, JAMES T., Thomas V. Bonoma, and R~obert C. Brown. A paradigm for the study of coercive power Journal of Conflict Resolution, XV, 2 June 1971), 197223.
Although a number of experimental paradigms have been developed to study coercive power, the results of the empirical studies to date indicate conceptual and methodological inadequacies with regard to the hypotheses tested. A critique of experimental investigations of coercive power which employ the trucking game, communication game, real estate game, and a modified Prisoner's Dilemma game is proffered. A threat paradigm is examined which permits rigorous and flexible evaluations of theoretically generated predictions and focuses upon behavioral compliance by target individuals to contingent threats. Research completed 1 to date was used to evaluate the internal validity, external validity, and the experimental and mundane realism of the threat paradigm. It is suggested that each of the other paradigms examined could be strengthened by adding the controls introduced in the threat paradigm.
:
I
OSKAMP, STUART. Effects of programmed strategies on cooperation in the Prisoner's Dilemma and other mixed-motive games. Journal of Conflict Resolution, XV, 2 (June |
1971), 225-259.l
* Strategy of the other player is one of the most important and frequently-investigated varn- ables in studies of cooperation in non-zero-sum (or mixed-motive) games. Each simple |
| mixed-motive game, such as the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) game, is different from other simple games in the kind of conflict situation which it presents to players, and consequently a careful classification of games is needed in order to avoid misinterpretation and improper generalization of experimental findings. In contrast to previous reviews of non-zero-sum
* games, the present article carefully distinguishes between different types of two-person I matrix games and presents extensive evidence of significant strategy effects on subjects' * cooperation. Results show strategy effects for the PD game to be substantially different than
for other games, such as Chicken. Research findings with the PD game support eleven con- clusions about concurrent effects of various strategies, four conclusions about effects of | early trial outcomes on later cooperation, and eight conclusions about delayed effects of
a various strategies. The validity of these conclusions for any particular real world conflict X
I situation will depend on the situation's motivational structure and demand characteristics. II
!
I
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A quarterly journal of scientific reports in the field of peace research edited by Johan Galtung International Peace Research Institute, Oslo
Contents No. 1, 1971
Istvan Kende: 25 Years of Local Wars Michael Wallace: Power, Status and International War Claus Iversen: Freedom and Civilization Lars Porsholt: A Quantitative Conflict Model William Eckhardt: Symbiosis between Peace Research and Peace Action Discussion on Johan Galtung's Concept of Violence Book Notes
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OFSHE, RICHARD. The effectiveness of pacifist strategies: a theoretical approach. Journal E a
* of Conflict Resolution, XV, 2 (June 1971), 261-269.
An analysis of recent research on pacifist behavior as a strategy in-conflict situations is presented a theory which accounts for these results is developed, and the theory is extended : into situations that have not been previously considered. The argument is developed that the researches on pacifist behavior which have been reported have been concerned with the I
X wrong variables and that consideration of the social structure of both the experimental 0
situation in which the researches were conducted and the social structure of real world situa- F; tions in which pacifist strategies are attempted leads to the recognition that if pacifist strat- egies are ever effective at producing cooperation in conflict situations, it is through their I ability to affect the audiences that observe the conflict rather than to affect the pacifist's : c opponent. Finally, a theory is constructed which yields predictions for the effects of certain independent variables on the probability that the pacifist's strategy will be successful in :
* mobilizing the members of an audience to act to restrain the pacifist's opponent.
PEACE RESEARCH ABSTRACTS A publication of the International Peace Research Association
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PEACE RESEARCH REVIEWS The reviews of Volume 11 (1968) were:
Germany & the Oder-Neisse Line-Ralph H. Pickett
Weighted Voting in International Organizations-Carol Barrett & Hanna Newcombe
Peaceful Nuclear Explosions & Disarmament-Thomas S. Lough
Peace-Keeping Operations-Albert Legault
Militarism 1969: A Survey of World Trends-Murray Thomson
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Submission of Manuscripts Manuscripts and editorial communications
should be addressed to The Editors, Journal of Conflict Resolution, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104.
Initial submission of a manuscript. Two copies of each manuscript should be submitted. The manu- script need not conform to JCR style in all respects, but should be typed, double-spaced, and easily legible. Original art work for figures should not be sent at first, but clear copies should be included. The author should always retain a complete copy of his submission. No responsibility is assumed for the loss or injury of unsolicited manuscripts or art work.
Final preparation after acceptance. Once a manu- script has been accepted, or when revisions are to be made at our request, the author will be expected to provide us with two copies of the final version, and these copies must conform (if the earlier ver- sion did not) to the style requirements described below. The author must then provide camera- ready art work for any figures. A 150-word abstract of the article is also needed.
Final versions of manuscripts must be typed with a dark, black ribbon (electric typewriter preferred), clearly mimeographed, or multilithed. Do not use ditto. A minimum of corrections may be made in dark ink, but the typesetter should not be expected to piece the manuscript together. Double-space everything, including footnotes and references.
Tables and figures. Each table and figure should appear on a separate page at the end of the manu- script, not within the text. Show where they belong by inserting in the text the following note to the typesetter:
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Table 1 about here
Use extra space rather than dividing lines in tables. Figure captions are typeset separately, not photo- graphed with the figure, so they should appear on a
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Citations, footnotes, and references. Where sim- ple citations are involved, do not use footnotes. Use author's name and publication date in the text, in parentheses, referring to the "References" sec- tion at the end of the article. For example: "The cognitive model to be used is similar to earlier ones (Smith, 1954; Williamson, 1959)." Page numbers may be added after the date if appropriate. Note the punctuation in the example.
Substantive footnotes should be numbered con- secutively, and their texts should be typed at the foot of the page where reference to them appears.
Place the "Reference" section immediately after the text of the manuscript. References should be alphabetized. Book references should include city and publisher as well as date of publication; jour- nal citations should include volume number, issue number, and page numbers at beginning and end of the cited article. The order, capitalization, and punctuation of these reference items should con- form to those found in JCR issues of the 1970 vol- ume rather than earlier volumes.
Technical Policies Related to Publication Articles are published in the order of their sub-
mission insofar as this is consonant with other editorial considerations. If an author wishes to pay for earlier publication, a fee of $40.00 per Journal page will be charged. In this case extra pages are added to the issue, and the appearance of articles by nonpaying authors is not in any way delayed by paid publications. Criteria for acceptance and editorial processing are the same in both cases.
A total of 75 reprints of each article are bound up from the original press run and are automatical- ly sent to the senior author (to be shared with co- authors if any). No additional reprints are obtain- able from this office.
Authors may be charged for any alterations made by them in galley or page proofs. Original art work will not be returned unless the author specifically requests it within three months after the issue has appeared.
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