Caroline Roxon

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Evolution Variation Classification Test Questions

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Row 1, Col 1

The process of cumulative change in the heritableCharacteristics of a population

Define Evolution.

1,2

VARIATION

What do members of a species show?

1,3

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, OrderFamily, Genus, Species

List the 7 levels in the hierarchy of taxa.

1,4

All three belong to the same genusBut they belong to different species

What is a statement that most accurately describes the plants Clarkia cylindrica, Clarkia deflexa, and Clarkia

similis?

2,1

produce offspring

What do populations tend to do more of that the environment cannot support?

2,2

1. Meiosis2. Fertilization

EXPLAIN!!!

How does sexual reproduction promote variation in species?

2,3

First name always capitalizedRefers to name of genus

Second name in lower caseRefers to name of species

Written in italics or underlined if handwrittenReasons for this?

Outline the binomial system of nomenclature.

2,4

Meiosis—crossing over and chiasma forming inProphase 1

Random orientation and assortment of homologousChromosomes at metaphase 1

Fertilization by chance—one of many male gametesNumber of different gametes is 2^n

Genes/alleles combined from two parents

Describe how sexual reproduction promotes genetic variation within a species.

3,1

Too many offspring and not enough resourcesHigh demand for water, space, nutrients, sunlight but limited supply

Consequence is competition for resources to stay aliveSTRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL

Territorial habits of animalsTrees grow taller to compete for sunlight

Deforestation (animals/plants vs. humans)

Explain the consequence of potential overproduction of offspring.

3,2

Overproduction of offspring and natural variation due to geneticDifferences within offspring (useful genes lead to better chance of survival)

Poorly adapted characteristics less successful at accessing resourcesWell adapted characteristics more successful better chance of maturingSurvive to adulthood successful organisms have a chance to reproduce

Pass on genes to next generationAccumulation of changes in heritable characteristics in population leads

To gene pool being changed

Explain how natural selection leads to evolution.

3,3

Bryophyta: non-vascular plants (no true vascular transport Tissue inside xylem/phloem); produce spores that are transported

By water and ground humidity; very short statue; mossesFilicinophyta: vascular plants; produce spores that are spread by

Water And ground humidity; fernsConiferophyta: woody stems with needle leaves or scales;

use wind To reproduce by seed cones with seed scales; cedar, juniper, fir, pine trees

Angiospermophyta: flowers and fruit; rely on birds andinsects for Pollination from flowers; fruits hold seeds

Name characteristics of bryophyta, filicinophyta, coniferophyta, and angiospermophyta.

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ex: antibiotic resistance in bacteria; beak size of Darwin’s FinchesPopulations grow exponentially. More offspring than the

Environment can sustain. Populations still remain constant.Individuals in populations show variation. Mutations are a source ofVariation. Individuals may have characteristics better suited for theEnvironment. The variation has to be heritable. Those individualsWill survive and reproduce and leave more offspring. Population

Will tend to accumulate the adaptation. Population will evolve. Theory Proposed by Darwin.

With reference to one example, discuss the theory of evolution by natural selection.

4,1

Fossil Record: life 500 million years ago very different than today.Even though extensive oceans, fish fossils only found in rock 500

Million years old or younger (15% of history)No top predators of today existed during dinosaurs.

Many living organisms have no identical form in fossil record.Artificial selection: breeders learn to choose the males and females

With the most desirable genetic traits based on their offspring’s traitsCertain combinations of genes exist today that did not exist before due

To selective breeding. Homologous structure: similar in form/function found in dissimilar

Species. Humans, whales, bats have pentadactyl limbs. Common ancestor.

Outline the evidence of evolution provided by fossil records, selective breeding of domesticated animals, and homologous

structures.

4,2

Ex.1 antibiotic resistance in bacteria: antibiotics given to kill/inhibitGrowth of bacteria. Most bacteria die but some with a genetic mutation

Survive. Multiplies, leading to further infection once antibiotics stopped.Same antibiotics given again, does not help. Resistant to this med.

Mutations and plasmid transfer within bacteria. New strains of syphilisAnd TB.

Ex.2 pesticide resistance in rats: kills most of rats. Some survive due toNatural variations. Reproduce and have resistance offspring. Re-spray

Pesticide but to little or no effect. New pesticide needed.

Explain two exs. Of evolution in response to environmental change.

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Porifera: sponges; sessile (stuck in place); no mouths/digestive tracts; Filter feed; no muscle or nerve tissue or internal organs.

Cnidaria: corals and jellies; stinging cells; some are sessile others areFree swimming; catch food with tentacles/gastric pouch

Platyhelminthes: flatworms; one body cavity (gut, opening for food andOne for waste); no heart/lungs

Annelida: segmented worms; bristles on bodies; gastric tractsMollusca: aquatic, snails, clams, octopuses; produce shell with CalciumArthropoda: hard exoskeleton w/chitin, segmented bodies, jointed limbs;

Insects, spiders, crabs, shrimps; over a million species

Distinguish between porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, annelida, mollusca, and arthropoda.

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Dichotomous Key ScavengerHunt!

Apply and design a key for a group of up to 8 organisms.

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Type the answer for 5,1 here.

(Type the question for 5,1 here.)?

5,2

Type the answer for 5,2 here.

(Type the question for 5,2 here.)?

5,3

Type the answer for 5,3 here.

(Type the question for 5,3 here.)?

5,4

Type the answer for 5,4 here.

(Type the question for 5,4 here.)?