CASE Guide to Harvard Referencing 2015 July Edited

7/25/2019 CASE Guide to Harvard Referencing 2015 July Edited

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HBS CASE Guide to Harvard Referencing

University of Hertfordshire

Hertfordshire Business School

Centre for Academic Skills Enhancement (CASE)

CASE Harvard Referencing Guide

Revised: 20/07/15 1 ! "#S CASE$ 2015

%his &'ide has een rod'ced * CASE Academic Advisers to romote acc'rate "arvard referencin& inthe "ertfordshire #'siness School ("#S) "arvard referencin& st*le has man* varieties %his version has

een develoed to ens're conformit* +ith the asic "arvard referencin& conventions and in relation tofeedack from "#S lect'rers and st'dents

Acc'rate referencin& is ESSE,%-A. eca'se:1) o'r +ork m'st e evidenced +ith references to aroriate academic theor* and ractitioner

eerience2) o'r reader m'st e ale to see +hich ideas and +ords are *o'r o+n and +hich are not3) o'r lect'rer m'st e ale to check *o'r so'rces and see +hich ones *o' have 'sed to s'ort *o'r

assertions4) o'r lect'rer needs to see if *o' have read and 'nderstood co'rse material and ho+ *o' have 'sed

the +ork of others to develo *o'r o+n ideas

5) ther readers mi&ht +ant to find and read some of the so'rces *o' have 'sed6) -f *o' do not reference$ *o' mi&ht e acc'sed of stealin& the +ork/ideas of others this is plagiarism


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o' sho'ld note that "arvard is a modern a'thordate8 referencin& s*stem and sho'ld not e 'sed in the samedoc'ment +ith the older n'merical /footnote s*stems that 'se n'mers in the tet and corresondin& footnotes

The Harvard referencing system requires referencing in to places in your or!" #irst$ you must give apartial reference ithin your or! %referred to as an in&te't citation or reference( and secondly$ you mustgive a full reference in a final list of references"

BASIC ORDER OF INFORMATION AND FORMAT FOR HARVARD

REFERENCINGIn-textcitation

Author/s surnae/s !"ear#$% or $%%!Author/s surnae/s& "ear#%

e.g., Smith (2015) suggests that

or

It has been suggested (Smith, 2015) that

'ist o(re(erences

Author/s surnae/s& initia)s% !"ear# Title.*)ace o( +u,)ication

*u,)isher%

e.g., Smith, J. (2015) Business Studies.London. Pearson.

o' can reference A)*so'rces 'sin& "arvard the r'le is to al+a*s 'se the asic order of information &ivenaove -f *o' do not have an* art of this information$ *o' +ill have to leave it o't and indicate that *o' do nothave it "o+ever$ this sho'ld haen onl* rarel*: *o' sho'ld al+a*s kno+ +ho the a'thor is$ even if it is acororate a'thor rather than a secific erson 9or all *o'r so'rces *o' sho'ld make s're *o' kno+ theans+ers to the follo+in& 'estions:

;" ;R%E %"E ;R=

Citing and +uoting

Citin&8 means referrin& to an a'thor8s +ork this acts as *o'r s'ortin& evidence B'otin&8 means 'sin& thea'thor8s eact +ords in *o'r +ritin& enerall*$ 'otin& is not recommended$ 't an eamle is &iven in this&'ide of ho+ to correctl* 'ote 'sin& the "arvard s*stem

,ey points for in&te't citations

-f *o' 'se the a'thor as the s'Dect of *o'r sentence$ 't onl* the *ear in rackets

e& Fisher (2004) suggests that motivation research should establish the personal constructs of employees.

-f the a'thor is not the s'Dect or *o'r sentence$ 't oth the a'thor and *ear in rackets +ith a comma tosearate the t+o elements$ and a f'llsto o'tside the rackets to finish the +hole sentence

e& When researching employee motivation, personal constructs should be investigated (Fisher, 2004).

-rimary and secondary sources

A rimar* so'rce is the ori&inal so'rce of information$ e& the ori&inal eeriment or reort A secondar* so'rceis +hen rimar* information is 'sed or cited * another a'thor -deall* *o' sho'ld tr* to cons'lt rimar* so'rces

;hether *o' 'se a rimar* or secondar* so'rce$ the &olden r'le is to make clear +hich so'rce *o' have

act'all* read -f *o' 'se a secondar* so'rce$ *o' m'st therefore 'se the hrase cited in8 in *o'r citation and

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references ,ote that for "#S "arvard referencin&$ inis 'sed to indicate a chater or article +ithin a ook and

cited inis 'sed to indicate +hen one a'thor is citin& another

Use of present tense to sho attri.utionAs a &eneral r'le 'se the resent tense$ even +hen the reference is not a c'rrent one$ eca'se the concet(s)

referred to * the a'thor(s) +ere c'rrent +hen the so'rce +as ori&inall* 'lished$ e& #ro+n (2010) s'&&est s

that

/ifference .eteen a list of References and a Bi.liography

o'r lect'rer ma* ask *o' to &ive either or oth of these at the end of *o'r assi&nment$ and the* are similar in

that the* oth 'se the "arvard s*stem and have f'll references$ listed in alhaetical order of the a'thor(s)

s'rname(s) "o+ever$ a list of references is ,% the same as a ilio&rah* in terms of +hich so'rces *o'

incl'de:

ReferencesF a list of all the so'rces *o' have act'all* 'sed and cited in *o'r +ork

Bi.liographyF all the ooks and other so'rces of information that *o' have 'sed as ack&ro'nd readin& for

*o'r assi&nment 't have not 'sed elicitl* and so not cited in *o'r +ork >o not make a lon& ilio&rah* to

imress onl* incl'de items that *o' think rovide 'sef'l information for the reader

-unctuation and format for your list of References

"arvard has no one tr'e st*le of 'nct'ation and it is not rescritive ao't 'nct'ation$ so *o' +ill seevariations et+een different 'lishers and researchers$ and sli&htl* different conventions$ even +ithin this'niversit* %he st*le 'sed in the eamles elo+ is recommended for "#S$ after cons'ltations +ith man*s'Dect staff over man* *ears %he imortant thin& is to e consistent St'dents and lect'rers sho'ld not eoverl* concerned +ith small variations in 'nct'ation st*les$ for eamle$ as lon& as the referencin& isconsistent in st*le %he &enerall* acceted conventions are:

Author or authors0 names@se the a'thor8s s'rname/famil*/&iven name$ follo+ed * their initials onl* (not f'll first names)

Academic /rofessional titles (e& r.) sho'ld not e incl'ded 't &enerational titles and Roman n'merals in

name titles are incl'ded (e& !unior$ "enior, #eorge $).

Titles of or!

9or ooks$ ook chaters and Do'rnal articles$ caitalise onl* content +ords$ not +ords s'ch as and$ but$ the$

'nless it is the first +ord in the title$ e&

%he &e' Way %o o usiness ()

%he ne' 'ay to do business ()

9or Do'rnal$ ma&aGine and ne+saer titles$ kee the caitalisation as it aears in the 'lication %he "#SCASE s*stem 'ses the italics method for article and ook titles$ ecet in Do'rnals$ +here the name of the

Do'rnal is italicised and the article title is 't in sin&le inverted commas Some forms of "arvard 'nderline the

title$ 't *o' sho'ld not'nderline and italicise

-age num.ering#ooks a&e n'mers are not 's'all* needed in the final list of references "o+ever$ some t'tors ma* re'ire

a&e n'mers for certain t*es of +ritin&$ e& case st'dies -n this case$ *o' can 'se a colon to reface the

a&e n'mer$ e& (Smith$ 2014:33) -n Ho'rnals a&e n'mers aear as the final item of the citation$ follo+ed

* a f'll sto -n the reference list$ 'se the areviation 8 for one a&e and 8 for a a&e ran&e$ e& 11

12

Separating information elements

@se a f'llsto after a'thor initials$ and also f'llstos to searate the main information elements$ aart from a

ook8s lace of 'lication and 'lisher$ +hich re'ires a colon: e&

Co'rtne*$ ?$ I >'$ J (2015) "tudy s*ills for +hinese students .ondon: Sa&e

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,ote: there is no f'll sto after the 'lication *ear in rackets

1ther !ey points to remem.er

1 2ariations" o' +ill find variations of "arvard referencin& in co'rse ooks$ and differences in +hat

individ'al lect'rers +ant %he ke* oint is that *o' sho'ld e consistent$ 'sin& the same st*le and format

thro'&ho't *o'r +ork Check +ith *o'r lect'rer if *o' are 'ns're ao't their re'irements for small oints of

st*le or format

2 3i'ed systems" >o not mi "#S "arvard +ith other referencin& s*stems >o not 'se n'merin&$

footnotes$ endnotes$ or the areviations op. cit. orloc. cit Also$ "#S "arvard referencin& does not 'se the

.atin areviation ibid.for reeated intet citations

3 #ull forms" Al+a*s note the f'll details of an* so'rce *o' read$ arahrase$ s'mmarise or 'ote as *o' do

*o'r readin& and notemakin& rather than +ait 'ntil *o' come to +rite *o'r list of references

4 To places"Check that *o' have referenced all the so'rces *o' have 'sed in t+o laces: intet and in

*o'r list of references >o not incl'de a reference intet +hich is not in the final reference list$ and vice

versa

5 Bi.liographies So'rces that *o' have not 'sed or cited elicitl* in *o'r +ork sho'ld &o in a searate

ilio&rah*

6 Alpha.etically #oth the list of references and ilio&rah* m'st e arran&ed alhaeticall*$ accordin& to

a'thor8s s'rname$ and chronolo&icall* for several entries * the same a'thor$ latest entr* first

7 -unctuation"%ake care to 'se the correct 'nct'ation$ sacin& and format (e& italics$ inverted commas and

f'll stos) for the different t*es of so'rces (e& ooks and Do'rnals) %he titles of ooks$ Do'rnals and

ne+saers are 't in italics %he titles of articles +ithin Do'rnals are 't in inverted commas

K Electronic"-f *o'r so'rce is an electronic version rather than a aer co*$ *o' need to incl'de:

LnlineM to sho+ that *o' read it online instead of a hard co*$ and &ive the

Availale at: @R. ('niform reso'rce locator) and the date *o' accessed the +esite

LAccessed: date month$ *earM &ivin& the da*$ month and *ear that *o' accessed the +e so'rce

N #irst names and surnames 9irst name initials sho'ld e 'sed in the list of references$ instead of the first

name(s) in f'll (e& ryant, %.).Check that *o' are 'sin& the a'thor8s correct s'rname$ and not their first

name Sometimes it is eas* to mistake famil* names for first names$ e&+alvin %homas (oth names could

be first names).

10 et al";here there are t+o a'thors$ &ive oth names$ Doined * and8 if three or more a'thors$ 'se et al8 in

tet$ e& "mith et al. (204).et al. is an areviation for et alia (and others) -t is 'sed in formal +ritin& to

avoid a lon& list of names ,ote the 'nct'ation: there is 's'all* no caitalisation and onl* one sto after al11 4arge num.ers of authors @s'all*$ the convention is that ' to si a'thors ma* e listed in a final

reference list -f more$ then list the first three a'thors and reresent the rest * et al8 rather than +rite them

o't in f'll

12 3ultiple references -f there is more than one reference to the same a'thor and *ear$ insert a$ $ etc inoth the intet citation and in the references list$ e&:?intel$ (2015a)?intel$ (2015)

13 Series of in&te't references A series of references can e enclosed +ithin a sin&le air of arentheses(rackets)$ searated * semicolons$ ordered chronolo&icall* * date$ latest first (#r*ant$ 2015 Co'rtne*$

2014 ?cCa'le*$ 2012) and alhaeticall* * a'thor s'rnames in the references list14 E'amples" Enclose an* rief hrase associated +ith the reference +ithin arentheses$ e& severalresearchers have claimed this (see Fisher, 2004- ).

15 )o author5@s'all*$ *o' sho'ld al+a*s e ale to find a resonsiilit* for the information 9or aarentl*a'thorless articles or st'dies$ 'se the name of the ma&aGine$ Do'rnal$ ne+saer or sonsorin&or&anisation$ and not the title of the article

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16 -ersonal communications Citations from ersonal comm'nications are 's'all* onl* incl'ded in the tetand not in the final reference list

17 U--ER CASE ,ames sho'ld e in 'er and lo+er case and not comletel* in 'er case

1K Surnames"S'rnames containin& de$ van$ von$ >e$ >e la$ Oan$ Oon$ etc are listed 'nder > and Oresectivel*

1N Same author"-f t+o or more references * the same a'thor are cited to&ether$ searate the dates +ith acomma Start +ith the oldest 'lication (#r*ant$ 2010$ 2011$ 2012)

20 Same surname ;hen t+o references share the same s'rname$ the* sho'ld e ositioned in the list ofreferences in date order (e& ro'n, #. (200/) before ro'n, F. (204)) ;hen references contain t+o ormore a'thors sharin& the same s'rnames$ reference in alhaetical order accordin& to the second a'thor8sname (e& #ro+n ;$ "'&hes H$ and


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Revised: 20/07/15 6 ! "#S CASE$ 2015


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Ta.le of Contents1 ne a'thor72 %+o a'thors73 Several a'thors74 Edited ook/Chaters of a ook75 ?ore than one ook * the same a'thor in the same *earK6 Primar* so'rce/Seminal +ork/Rerints/Arid&ed editionsK

9ournals %hard copies("""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""":7 ne a'thorN

K %+o a'thorsNN A'thor citin& another a'thorN10 %+o articles * same a'thor in same *earN

Electronic 8 1nline Sources"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""";' (2014) stress the 'niversal asects of academic skills re'irements

References

Co'rtne*$ ? and >'$ J (2014) "tudy s*ills for +hinese students .ondon: Sa&e

@ Several authors

6n&te't citation

?intGer& et al (2003) disc'ss the iss'e in detail

References

?intGer&$ "$ .amel$ H$ B'inn$ H# and hoshal$ S (2003) %he "trategy rocess- +oncepts, conte5ts, cases 2ndE'roean edn "arlo+: Pearson Ed'cation/Prentice "all

)ote only use et al"0 if there are three or more authors" Et al" is from the 4atin phrase et alia0 meaning and others0and as al" is an a..reviation$ it needs a full&stop")ote 6t is important to include the edition num.er %e"g" ?nd edn( if a .oo! has several reprints"

Edited .oo!8Chapters of a .oo!

6n&te't citation

As #eechler and Havidan (2007$ cited in Havidan et al 2007) s'&&est$ the term &loalisation8 has man* definitions

References

#eechler$ S and Havidan$ ? (2007) .eadin& +ith a &loal mindset8 -n Havidan$ ?$ "itt$ A and Steers$ R ? (eds)(2007)6dvances in 7nternational 8anagement- %he #lobal 8indset ford: Elsevier

)ote These are .oo!s hich consist of separate chapters .y different authors$ put together .y an editor%s(" *ouneed to reference .oth the chapter author%s( and the editor%s(" )ote also that the title of the chapter is put ininverted commas$ and the title of the .oo! is put in italics"

)ote 6ndicate the editors ith the a..reviation ed"0 or eds0& loer case$ ith .rac!ets"

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9/27


D 3ore than one .oo! .y the same author in the same year

6n&te't citation

As Stevens s'&&ests (200Ka and 200K)$ecommerce 'siness models m'st incl'de the realisation that initiall*$transaction sec'rit* is more imortant than market eos're

References

Stevens$ H (200Ka) 39commerce- %he Future of "elling..ondon: Sa&e

Stevens$ H (200K) %he nline 8ar*et lace.,e+ ork: Randall

)ote use a0 and .0 if there is more than one reference to the same author in the same year

= -rimary source8Seminal or!8Reprints8A.ridged editions

6n&te't citation

?ar (1K67) rod'ced one of the most &loall* infl'ential den'nciations of midOictorian caitalist societ* -t has alsoroved to e one of the most infl'ential +orks in the social sciences in the t+entieth cent'r* and did for social science +hat>ar+in had done for iolo&*

References

?ar$ (200K) ford: @P

)ote *ou ill usually refer to seminal0 %strongly influential( or!s from secondary sources$ using the cited in0convention" Hoever$ if you ant to consult primary sources %this is alays recommended($ you need to insert allrelevant information" 6n the e'ample a.ove$ the original or! has .een a.ridged %shortened( .y a later author"

Revised: 20/07/15 N ! "#S CASE$ 2015


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9ournals %hard copies(

)ote 1nly the title of the ournal is put in italics" Hoever$ the title of the article is put in inverted commas"

> 1ne author

6n&te't citation

As "aras s'rve* (2007) sho+s marketin& microstr'ct'res are not +ell 'nderstood

References

"ara$ ? (2007) ?akin& ?arket ?icrostr'ct're ?atter Financial 8anagement.2K(2) s'mmer K3N1

)ote ?F indicates the volume num.er and ? indicates the edition num.er in that year" pp indicates the page rangeof the article ithin the ournal"

F To authors

6n&te't citation

>ifferin& ercetions of or&anisational fairness rovide &ro'nds for resistant ehavio'r (9ol&er and Star'ck$ 2002)

References

9ol&er$ R and Star'ck$ > (2002) Constraints on Chan&e !ournal of rganisational +hange 8anagement.12(1) 3445

: Author citing another author

6n&te't citation

C'rrent levels of cometition demand that comanies consider ne+ +a*s of or&anisin& their acco'ntin& s*stems (Havier etal$ 2005$ cited in Poole et al$ 2006)

References

Havier$ ? and Corcoran$ (2005) ?ana&ement Acco'ntin& for loal ro+th Financial 8anagement.12(2) 1K26Cited in Poole$ A ? and Roose$ ; (eds ) (2006) !ournal of usiness Finance and 6ccounting 33(10) 140143

)ote *our reference list should contain complete details of A44 sources" Hoever$ if you do not have thereferencing details for 9avier and Corcoran in the e'ample a.ove$ it is accepta.le to only reference the or! thatyou have seen$ in hich case the final reference list entry ould only .e for -oole and Roose"

Using Cited inshos that the ournal article you have actually read as that ritten .y -oole and Corcoran" 6f9avier and Corcoran had also cited an author %Author ($ your in te't reference entry ould .eAuthor X (Year,Cited in Javier and Corcoran, 2005, Cited in Poole and Roose, 2006) .ut these multiple source references are notcommon"

;< To articles .y same author in same year

6n&te't citation

#r*ants research st'dies (1NN2a and 1NN2) of the Sam'r' econom* in ,orthern


11/27


Electronic 8 1nline Sources

;; e&Boo!

6n&te't citation

#o+ell and


12/27


;D Je.site page & author !non

6n&te't citation

Roerts (2014) charts the contin'ed &loal redominance of .O in the l''r* &oods market

References

Roerts$ A (2014) =ess 7s 8ore as $uitton "tays %op =u5ury rand in ;an*ing #loomer& Availale at:

htt://+++loomer&com/ne+s/20140520/lessismoreasv'ittonsta*stol''r*randinrankin&html LAccessed: 27H'ne$ 2015M

)ote The data comes from the Bloom.erg e.site$ .ut .ecause the article author0s name is given$ the data isreferenced to the author$ not the e.site"

;= 1rganisation e.site

6n&te't citation

%he diversit* of risk factors affectin& CEs toda* has laced risk mana&ement at the forefront of CE concerns (?or&an

Stanle*$ 2014)

References

?or&an Stanle* (2014) 8organ "tanley ;eports First >uarter 204LnlineM Availale at:htt://+++mor&anstanle*com/ao't/ress/articles/e336N50722f14Ne2KaN462dfa0K0NeNNhtml LAccessed: 27 H'ne$2015M

)ote 3organ Stanley is the name of the organisation so 3organ Stanley0 is the corporate author0 and there.yresponsi.le for the information$ ust li!e Toyota$ 401real$ Tesco$ Coca&Cola$ 3c/onalds$ etc" are the corporateauthors of their on e.sites"

;> 3ultiple references to the same e.site

6n&te't citation

%he @niversit* of "ertfordshire is ranked amon&st the to 100 'niversities in the +orld 'nder 50 *ears old (@niversit* of"ertfordshire$ 2014a) %he


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;F Using an acronym to reference a e.site

6n&te't citation

%he 9inancial Acco'ntin& 9o'ndation (9A9) is resonsile for the oversi&ht$ administration$ and finances of oth the9inancial Acco'ntin& Standards #oard (9AS#) and its co'nterart for state and local &overnment$ the overnmentalAcco'ntin& Standards #oard (AS#) %he 9o'ndation is also resonsile for selectin& the memers of oth #oards andtheir resective Advisor* Co'ncils (9A9$ 2014)

References

9A9 (2014) Financial 6ccounting Foundation issues. 201 ;eportLnlineM Availale at:htt://+++acco'ntin&fo'ndationor&/cs/ContentServer=cF9A9ContentCIa&enameF9o'ndationT299A9ContentCT299A9,e+sPa&eIcidF117616402K223LAccessed: 2K H'ne$ 2015M

)ote An acronym0 is the short form of an organisation name" The short form can .e used in the mannerillustrated a.ove K you must give the full form first$ and then the short form in .rac!ets" The short form can then.e used for all other references to the organisation"

;: Author citing another author in an electronic nespaper$ magaLine or nesletter

6n&te't citation

Accordin& to "'mhre* (1N66$ cited in SR-$ 2005)$ a 'sef'l anal*tical model for mana&ement cons'ltanc* is to searateiss'es in to 4 sections +hich he identified as stren&ths$ +eaknesses$ oort'nities and threats (S;%)

References

"'mhre*$ A (1N66) S;% Anal*sis for ?ana&ement Cons'ltin&8 Cited in SR- (2005) ";7 6lumni 6ssociation &e'sletterecember 200 ?enlo Park$ California: SR- LnlineM Availale at: htt://+++sricom/sites/defa'lt/files/roch'res/dec05dfLAccessed: 15 H'ne$ 2015M

?< Electronic nespaper$ magaLine or nesletter K unspecified author

6n&te't citation

erman*s seasonall*adD'sted Doless total has D'med * almost 24$000 this month$ the i&&est rise in five *ears (%he'ardian$ 2014)

References

%he 'ardian (2014) usiness live- "urprise rise in #erman unemployment 'ardian #'siness 2K ?a*$ 2014 2KLnlineM Availale at: htt://+++the&'ardiancom/'k/'siness LAccessed: 2K H'ne$ 2015M

?; Bulletin .oards

6n&te't citation

%he @" Careers$ Emlo*ment and Enterrise Service (CEE) +eekl* lacement Dos 'lletin sho+s a n'mer of st'dentemlo*ment services ositions this month (@niversit* of "ertfordshire$ 2014)

References

@niversit* of "ertfordshire (2014) "and'ich @ear lacements ( or 2 months).Career"' 4 ctoer$ 2014 LnlineMAvailale at:htts://+++careerh'hertsac'k/st'dents/Dos/search='er*FIt*eof+orkF3511Ilocation F LAccessed: 24

H'ne$ 2015M

Revised: 20/07/15 13 ! "#S CASE$ 2015
http://www.accountingfoundation.org/cs/ContentServer?c=FAFContent_C&pagename=Foundation%2FFAFContent_C%2FFAFNewsPage&cid=1176164028223http://www.accountingfoundation.org/cs/ContentServer?c=FAFContent_C&pagename=Foundation%2FFAFContent_C%2FFAFNewsPage&cid=1176164028223http://www.accountingfoundation.org/cs/ContentServer?c=FAFContent_C&pagename=Foundation%2FFAFContent_C%2FFAFNewsPage&cid=1176164028223http://www.sri.com/sites/default/files/brochures/dec-05.pdfhttp://www.sri.com/sites/default/files/brochures/dec-05.pdfhttp://www.sri.com/sites/default/files/brochures/dec-05.pdfhttp://www.theguardian.com/uk/businesshttps://www.careerhub.herts.ac.uk/students/jobs/search?query=&typeofwork=3511&locationhttps://www.careerhub.herts.ac.uk/students/jobs/search?query=&typeofwork=3511&locationhttp://www.accountingfoundation.org/cs/ContentServer?c=FAFContent_C&pagename=Foundation%2FFAFContent_C%2FFAFNewsPage&cid=1176164028223http://www.accountingfoundation.org/cs/ContentServer?c=FAFContent_C&pagename=Foundation%2FFAFContent_C%2FFAFNewsPage&cid=1176164028223http://www.sri.com/sites/default/files/brochures/dec-05.pdfhttp://www.sri.com/sites/default/files/brochures/dec-05.pdfhttp://www.theguardian.com/uk/businesshttps://www.careerhub.herts.ac.uk/students/jobs/search?query=&typeofwork=3511&location


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?? 2irtual learning environments %e"g" Study)et(

6n&te't citation

CASE (2015) stresses the imortance of &ood ara&rah str'ct'rin& 'sin& the PEEE. techni'e

References

CASE (2015) +6"3 #uide to 3ssay Writing LnlineM Availale at: +++st'd*nethertsac'k/&o/CASE LAccessed: 2K H'ne$

2015M

?@ Conference proceedings & pu.lished on the 6nternet

6n&te't citation

A,>T2K-S,'merT3A6617421T2NIa&e,'merF2 LAccessed: 2N H'ne$ 2015M

)ote #or references to conference proceedings$ you should include the date and location of the conference$ plusthe organisation %in this e'ample$ 6EEE plore( that pu.lished the proceedings"

? 1nline images %e"g" photos$ draings$ graphs$ diagrams$ etc"(

#igure ; Graduation of University of Hertfordshire students %University of Hertfordshire$ ?


15/27


?D *ouTu.e 2ideos %uploaded .y self(

6n&te't citationAccordin& to ?asse* @niversit* (2010) *o'r revie+ sho'ld e rief 't foc'sed$ sho+in& *o'r ailit* to s*nthesise a od* ofliterat're

References

?asse* @niversit* (2010) %he =iterature ;evie'.o'%'e @loaded: 17 ?a*$ 2010 Availale at:htts://+++*o't'ecom/+atch=vFD Social media sites %e"g" .logs$ i!is$ iTunesU$ 6nternet forums$ etc"(

6n&te't citation

#ennett (2014) lo&s that 'nder the Pr'dential Re&'lation A'thorit*8s (PRA) ne+ r'les$ forei&n anks +ith @< ranches +ill

need to &ive the PRA detailed financial information so the* can D'd&e ho+ dan&ero's it +o'ld e if the* &ot into diffic'lties%his comes at a time +hen &overnment ministers are tr*in& to l're more financial instit'tions$ artic'larl* from China$ to set' ranches in .ondon

References#ennett$ A (2014) an* f 3ngland +ould Bic* ;ogue Foreign an*s ut f %he +ity "'ffin&ton Post @


16/27


?: Social netor!ing sites %i"e"Titter$ #ace.oo!$ 4in!ed6n$ Jei.o$ Tum.lr$ etc"(

6n&te't citation

ama (2014) t+eets that 'siness leaders are startin& to realise that America is a etter lace to invest and create Dosinstead of China

References

ama$ # (2014) #arack ama Carac*bama.%+itter 2N Han'ar*$ 2014 7:14m Availale at:htts://moilet+ittercom/#arackama/stat's/42K6070K457K36N537 LAccessed: 2K 9er'ar*$ 2014M

@< #ace.oo! %Company or Group page(

6n&te't citation

-#? CE$ inni Romett*$ in a seech to Rensselaer Pol*technic -nstit'te &rad'ates$ said that: Wro+th and comfort +illnever coeistW (-#? 9aceook$ 2014)References

-#? 9aceook (2014) 78 &e's. 9aceook 27 ?a*$ 2014 Availale at:htts://+++faceookcom/-#?/hotos/a4N051K7743717431073741K2516K5N7536563K70/6304K7070374N12/=t*eF1 LAccessed: 2N ?a*$ 2014M

)ote -ersonal #ace.oo! pages are unli!ely to .e good relia.le information sources and should not .e usede'cept to illustrate opinion on a topic" Hoever$ Company #ace.oo! or group pages may .e very useful for up&to&date information for your 6ndustry -ractice and Employa.ility assignments"

@; 4in!ed6n

6n&te't citation

?ar* ?eeker resents 2014 -nternet %rends: W-nternet 'ser &ro+th no+ 'nder 10T and slo+in& fastest in China$ -ndia$#raGil$ -ndonesiaW (


17/27


Government and 4egal sources

@? Government 8 EU pu.lications

6n&te't citation

%he E'roean Commission (2012) has made si&nificant adD'stments in olic* recisel* eca'se of the threats that&loalisation resents to free trade +ithin the E@

References

E'roean Commission (2012) #lobalisation and free trade..'emo'r&: ffice for fficial P'lications of the E'roeanComm'nities

@@ U, Government statutes %post ;:=@(

6n&te't citation

%he "'man Ri&hts Act (1NNK) aims to W&ive f'rther effectW in @< la+ to the ri&hts contained in the Convention for theProtection of "'man Ri&hts and 9'ndamental 9reedoms$ more commonl* kno+n as the E'roean Convention on "'manRi&hts %he Act makes it ossile to address alle&ed reaches of a Convention ri&ht$ +itho't the need to &o to the

E'roean Co'rt of "'man Ri&hts in Straso'r&

References

"'man Ri&hts Act (1NNK) EliGaeth ll Chater 42 (1NNK) .ondon: %he Stationer* ffice

@ 4egislation

6n&te't citationEC Co'ncil re&'lations (2011) are ver* secific ao't this asect of trade markin&

References

EC Co'ncil Re&'lation (2011) &o. 40D/4 of 20th !anuary on the +ommunity %rade 8ar*. 9inal

)ote The ord M#inalM clarifies that this is not one of the earlier drafts"

@D )ational Archives %Cron copyright(

6n&te't citationXsensitive ersonal dataY means ersonal data consistin& of information in ei&ht areas (Cro+n$ 2015)

References

Cro+n (2015) ata rotection 6ct //E.Availale at: htt://+++le&islation&ov'k/'k&a/1NNK/2N/section/2 LAccessed: 20?arch$ 2015M

@= Case 4a

6n&te't citation

As a recent case sho+s (Co'rtne* v #r*ant$ 2011) the rincile of caveat emtor is interreted differentl* across the E@ -nman* D'risdictions$ there is no le&al re'irement for the vendor to rovide a ref'nd or echan&e

References

Co'rtne*$ ? v #r*ant$ % (2011) Case C17N/11 ECR N22

Revised: 20/07/15 17 ! "#S CASE$ 2015


18/27


Revised: 20/07/15 1K ! "#S CASE$ 2015


19/27


1ther Sources

@> )o author %Anon(

6n&te't citation

%he ook (Anon$ 2011) clearl* ill'strates$ season * season$ D'st ho+ effectivel* residential camai&ners lan$ draft andartic'late the olitical disco'rse that the ress retends it controls

References

Anon (2011)6 residential &ovel ,e+ ork: Simon and Sch'ster

)ote Try to avoid using Anon0 .ecause there is either a corporate author responsi.le for the information$ or aperson ho can .e trac!ed" Hoever$ hen a reference has no author listed and does not have an o.viouscorporate .ody responsi.le$ then MAnon"M can .e used" This is often the case ith ancient te'ts$ for e'ample" 3ostmodern te'ts ill have an o.vious corporate author if no personal author%s( is8are listed" Therefore$ do not give uptoo easily and use Anon0 too quic!ly" 1ften$ ith some further searching$ the author can .e found" 6n any case$anonymous0 data sources ill .e academically suspect .ecause of the lac! of information a.out the source" As!a CASE adviser for help if you are una.le to find an author"

@F )o date %n"d"(

6n&te't citation

Accordin& to the ro&ramme re&'lations ("


20/27


< )espaper or 3agaLine Article & unspecified author %hard copy(

6n&te't citation

A recent infl'ential editorial has eressed concerns ao't the @< ho'sin& market (%he S'nda* %imes$ 2015)

References

%he S'nda* %imes (2015) 3ditorial.%he %imes P'lishin& ro' 25 H'ne$ 2015 10

; )espaper or 3agaLine Article & specified author %hard copy(

6n&te't citation

A roosed markin& o*cott of @< @niversit* st'dent +ork has een called off after memers of the @C@ 'nion acceted ane+ a* offer from emlo*ers (?a&'ire$ 2014)

References

?a&'ire$ ? (2014) @niversit* markin& o*cott cancelled +ith D'st da*s to sare8 ?niverse. ? "tudents ?nion &e's N

?a*$ 2014 4

? Reference material %e"g" dictionary$ encyclopaedia( %hard copy(

6n&te't citation

A definition of a s'sidiar* (.on&man$ 2015) stresses the element of comlete control * another coman*

References

.on&man (2015) ictionary of +ontemporary 3nglish.25thedn "arlo+: .on&man

@ Corporate Author %hardcopy(

6n&te't citation

%he role of &overnment in romotin& the develoment of S?Es is increasin& in imortance (>eartment of -nd'str*$Science and %echnolo&*$ 2015)

References

>eartment of -nd'str*$ Science and %echnolo&* (2015) #overnment support for "83sL13K756>%-M .ondon: "?S

4ecture )otes %e"g" -oer-oint slides$ lecture hand&outs(

6n&te't citation

Roins (2014) elains ho+ re&ression anal*sis can e 'sed to assess rod'ct romotion re'irements

References

Roins$ 9 (2014) >uantitative 8ethods for 8anagement- %he 8;; ;eportL4#@S1071 B'antitative ?ethods for?ana&ement 20 ?arch$ 2014M Availale at: htt://+++st'd*net2hertsac'k/crs/13/4#@S10710206nsf/"omea&e=Read9ormLAccessed: 30 ?a*$ 2014M

)ote Generally$ lecturers ill discourage you from referencing their lecture slides" This is .ecause their lecturesare designed to stimulate you to go to more detailed academic sources$ and primary sources here possi.le"

Revised: 20/07/15 20 ! "#S CASE$ 2015
http://www.studynet2.herts.ac.uk/crs/13/4BUS1071-0206.nsf/Homepage?ReadFormhttp://www.studynet2.herts.ac.uk/crs/13/4BUS1071-0206.nsf/Homepage?ReadFormhttp://www.studynet2.herts.ac.uk/crs/13/4BUS1071-0206.nsf/Homepage?ReadFormhttp://www.studynet2.herts.ac.uk/crs/13/4BUS1071-0206.nsf/Homepage?ReadForm


21/27


D -ersonal email8S!ype communication

6n&te't citation

Accordin& to @cover8s CE reen (2014)$ there have een imortant chan&es in the role of the eternal eaminer inresonse to increased 'se of online teachin& and learnin& develoments

References

reen$ C (2014) Email to >r ?ike Co'rtne* 2N ?a*$ 2014

or

reen$ C (2014) Sk*e conversation +ith >r ?ike Co'rtne* 2N ?a*$ 2014

Alternatively$ a full entry in the final reference list for personal communications is not required for Harvard$ so anin&te't reference only ill suffice" #or e'ample

Accordin& to @cover8s CE reen (2014$ email to the a'thor 2N ?a*$ 2014)$ there have een imortant chan&es in the roleof the eternal eaminer in resonse to increased 'se of online teachin& and learnin& develoments

)ote Be consistent in hichever style you use"

= Unpu.lished research intervies

6n&te't citation

Accordin& to intervie+ee # (2014)$ the rand +as the most imortant consideration +hen 'rchasin& chocolate

References

-ntervie+ee # (2014) @n'lished research intervie+ cond'cted * Rani$ H 2N ?a*$ 2014

> -odcast %e"g" i-layer$ Studynet site$ iTunesU(

6n&te't citation

#i& data has ecome the most o+erf'l information so'rce in &loal 'siness (##C$ 2014)

References

##C (2014) ig ata ?aterial ;orld Radio 4 -ntrod'ced * B'entin Cooer 1 ?a*$ 2014 Availale at:htt://+++cco'k/radio4/science/thematerial+orldshtml LAccessed: 10 ?a*$ 2014M

F Research Reports

6n&te't citation

A revio's reort (?ill$ 2012) indicates the etent of s'rime lendin& in the sector

References

?ill$ # (2012) "ubprime lending- redefining mortgages.Research Reort 54KN .ondon: ?S -ntelli&ence @nit

: C/&R13

6n&te't citation

Eckert (2011) elains ho+ the notion of st*le is f'ndamental to co*+ritin& in advertisin&

References

Eckert$ P (2011) 8essing 'ith "tyle.C>R? #and 7 E301 %he Art of En&lish Ever*da* Creativit*8 ?ilton


22/27


D< #ilm %e"g" /2/$ 2ideo film(

6n&te't citation

9ollo+in& its s'ccess at the K1stAcadem* A+ards$ the film "lumdog 8illionaire(#o*le and %andan$ 200K) toed the+orld+ide o office (arrin& ,orth America)$ &rossin& Z16 million from 34 markets in the +eek follo+in& the Academ*A+ards

References

#o*le$ > and %andan$ . (200K) "lumdog 8illionaire >istri'ted * 9o Searchli&ht Pict'res/Celador 9ilms

D; #ull conference proceedings %hardcopy(

6n&te't citation

An -S#A conference (2011) hi&hli&hted the iss'e of the ecessive re&'lator* environment in the @< as ein& of increasin&concern

References

-S#A (2011) S?Es: Small is no lon&er ea'tif'l8 roceedings of the 11rd 7"6 "83 olicy and ;esearch +onference.

#ro+n$ % (ed) @niversit* of "ertfordshire1314 ?a*$ 2011 .eeds: -S#A

)ote The last element gives the a..reviation of the organisation that pu.lished them" This is usually %.ut notalays( the same organisation as the conference itself" The online reference is the same$ e'cept for the additionof onlineI Availa.le at0 and Accessed %date(0"

D? #ull conference proceedings K referencing a specific tal! ithin a conference %hardcopy(

6n&te't citation

;hit+orth and #iddle (2007) hi&hli&ht the imortance of ositive so'rces of motivation

References

;hit+orth$ E and #iddle$ R (2007) %he Social ,at're of A&ile %eams8 Proceedin&s of the A&ile Conference (A-.E)Eckstein$ H$ ?a'ner$ H and >avies$ R (eds) 13 17 A'&'st$ 2007 ;ashin&ton >C: -EEE Com'ter Societ*

The online reference is the same$ e'cept for the addition of onlineI Availa.le at0 and Accessed %date(0"

D@ Referencing a guest spea!er

6n&te't citation

Accordin& to ?[nter (2015) if there is more than one net+ork$ cons'mers m'st decide +hether or not to enter a net+ork$

't also to +hich one$ and eectations are central to the decision makin&

References

?[nter$ ? (2015) &et'or* 3ffects in %elecommunication 8ar*ets.'est .ect're from "%; Saar$ erman* "ertfordshire#'siness School E'roe ;eek 2015 6 ?arch$ 2015

D Research reports

6n&te't citation

Evans (2015) identifies ension f'ndin& as a maDor constraint on research and develoment for small and medi'm siGed

enterrises

References

Evans$ P H (2015) +ase studies of pension funding constraints in "83sLS?E/110234M -nstit'te of Small #'sinessResearch

Revised: 20/07/15 22 ! "#S CASE$ 2015


23/27


DD 6n&house -u.lications %hard copy(

6n&te't citation

#r*ant et al (2014) emhasise that the main thin& to rememer ao't referencin& is to 'se the correct order of informationand to e consistent in the alication of this information

References

#r*ant$ %$ ?cCa'le*$ ? and Co'rtne*$ ? (2014) +6"3 #uide to arvard ;eferencing."ertfordshire #'siness SchoolCASE

D= Thesis 8 /issertation

6n&te't citation

Scott (2013) indicates the reification of service strate&* has often created the ver* conditions it +as desi&ned to alleviate

References

Scott$ ? H (2013) 7nput, output and interaction. "ervice philosophy in a global mar*etplace.@n'lished Ph> thesisL"O,11225645M "ertfordshire #'siness School

D> Translation %.y a translator(

6n&te't citation

As Cro+ther and ?artineG (2007) sho+ that the str'&&le for centre &ro'nd in 9rench olitics seems to e a definin& feat're

References

Cro+ther$ ? and ?artineG$ " (2007) %he "truggle for France.%ranslated from 9rench * C 9rancis .ondon: Phoeni)ote 6t is accepta.le to include a translation from other languages .ut the reference details should .e in English"

DF Translation %.y a student$ e"g" 4ucy Nhao(

6n&te't citation

A reort from the #ank of China (2012) sho+s that the iss'e of ad loans at the time$ +as of &reat concern to the Chinese&overnment

References

#ank of China (2012) >uarterly ;eport.>oc'ment n'mer #C23NK Aril %ranslated from Chinese * .'c* hao

D: Encyclopaedias and Ji!ipedia$ etc"

6n&te't citation

?arket se&mentation can e defined as the rocess in marketin& of dividin& a market into distinct s'sets (se&ments) thatehave in the same +a* or have similar needs ("itchen et al$ 2010)

References"itchen$ H


24/27


=< E'hi.ition Guides 8 Catalogues

6n&te't citation

As the reface reveals$ %he %ate aller* (2015) has to take marketin& more serio'sl* no+

References%ate aller* (2015) aro:ue to auhaus- 6n architectural footprint.Ehiition 'ide 12 Q 23 Aril$ 2015 .ondon: %atealler*

=; Ta.les and #igures

Ta.les are anything organised in vertical8horiLontal .o'es" #igures are graphs$ photographs$ etc"

6n&te't citation

%ale 1 elo+ sho+s the c'rrent 9%SE osition:

Ta.le ; Current #TSE position (>ata collected 11:30am on 30 ?a*$ 2014)9%SE100 6K5K31 12NK

#i&&est Risers (9%SE100)Smith I ,ehe+ P.C 105050 2150

Admiral ro' P.C 145200 2400

So'rce: ?one*etracom (2014)

References

?one*etracom (2014) F%"3 00.30 ?a*$ 2014 Availale at htt://+++mone*etracom/stocks/ftse100 LAccessed: 30?a*$ 2014M

)ote provide a date in the References list hen data may change on a regular .asis$ i"e" ith e'change rates$shares$ etc"

=? Television

6n&te't citation

As a recent Panorama ro&ramme (##C$ 2014) sho+s$ the slave trade is far from over

References

##C (2014) A ?odern Slave %rade8 anorama.##C1 K00m 25 Han'ar*$ 2014

=@ Radio

6n&te't citation

%he >irector eneral of the C#- is aarentl* not confident that the skills &a can e closed (##C$ 2014)

References

##C (2014) usiness %oday ##C Radio 4 K00m 3 9er'ar*$ 2014

Revised: 20/07/15 24 ! "#S CASE$ 2015
http://www.moneyextra.com/stocks/ftse100http://www.moneyextra.com/stocks/ftse100


25/27


= +uotations

%o avoid la&iarism 'se 'otations caref'll* #efore *o' 'se a 'otation$ consider the follo+in&:

1) >o not 'se a 'otation if *o' can make the oint in another +a* and arahrase2) >o not 'ote D'st to make ' *o'r +ord co'nt3) >o not 'se lon& 'otes Q these +ill not e incl'ded in +ord co'nt

Short quotations %e"g" ;&? lines( should .e enclosed in quotation mar!s and ritten li!e this

Co'rtne* (2007:34) ar&'es that W%he lan&'a&e of 'siness sho'ld not e characterised * 'GG hrases like l'e sk*thinkin& and thinkin& o'tside the oY (note the additional 'se of sin&le inverted commas to indicate Dar&on8 +ords)

4ong quotations %generally discouraged( ould .e isolated and indented$ ithout quotation mar!s

Co'rtne* (2007:34) ar&'es:

%he lan&'a&e of 'siness is ecessivel* deendent on 'GG +ords like l'e sk* thinkin& and thinkin& o'tsidethe o +hich act'all* have the 'ndesirale effect of enco'ra&in& a reliance on stereot*ical and simlistic ideas

An*one +ho si&nals that he or she is thinkin& o'tside the o is almost invarial* traed inside it

References

Co'rtne*$ ? (2007) %he =anguage of usiness."on&


26/27


An e'ample of a final list of references,otice the list is in alhaetical order$ +ith a sace et+een each reference

References

#ennett$ A (2014) an* f 3ngland +ould Bic* ;ogue Foreign an*s ut f %he +ity. "'ffin&ton Post @ (2014) rinciples and ractice of 8ar*eting.Kth edn ?aidenhead: ?cra+"ill


27/27


-ractice Tas!

Test your referencing skills

There is one mistake in each referencein the list below. Use this Harvard referencing guide to correct

them.

Barro, R. J. (2008)Macroeconomics. 5th edn. Pearson: London.

BMA (2014) The i!a"t o# o$esit% on &' heath "are #ndin*+. British Medi"a Jorna. 82(). !! 1-1.

/ere Mahone% and Mi"hae ri!!s (2008)International business: a managerial perspective. 5thedn. on*

'on*: Ma"ian.

3ABNews Release. 11 Janar% (2012). Aaia$e at: htt!66777.#as$.or*6ne7s6nr1000.sht 9A""essed: 14

Janar%, 2012.

Jaier, M., et a (2005) ;Mana*eent a""ontin* #or *o$a *ro7th;.Financial Management. 12(2) !!. 18-2.

ited in Pooe, A. M. and Roose,

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