May 2, 2014 Note Packet C

CONTINUING THE COLD WAR INTO THE

1950S

Deterrence Policy of making the US military power so strong, no enemy would try to attack

BrinkmanshipUS must be ready to go to the brink of war

EISENHOWER’S FOREIGN POLICY IN THE 1950S

US & Soviet Union stockpiling nuclear & nonnuclear weapons

Rushing to develop missiles capable of carrying nuclear weapons

Atoms for Peace Plan (1953) – UN supervision of a world search to find peaceful uses for nuclear technology

THE ARMS RACE

ICBMS’s – long-range rockets to carry nuclear weapons Soviets launched satellite “Sputnik”

U-2 Incident (1960) Soviet guided missile shot down a US U-2 spy plane over

Soviet territory

THE COLD WAR IN SPACE

The Domino Theory If one nation falls to communism, the rest will

SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) Mirror formation of NATO Members pledged to meet any “common danger” from

communist aggression

FOREIGN POLICY IN ASIA

Israel (1948) UN divided British controlled Palestine into 2

states Jewish (US supported) & Arab (Soviet

supported) Both groups proclaimed Palestine as homeland Arab assault on Jewish state UN mediated new borders

FOREIGN POLICY IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Iran (1954) Iran’s Prime Minister tried to nationalize its foreign-owned oil industry

US via CIA arrange overthrow of PM & gov’t Restore shah of Iran to throne Secure US supply of oil

FOREIGN POLICY IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Egypt (1956)Egypt counted on Soviet & US economic support

US withdrew support tobuild a dam on the Nile

FOREIGN POLICY IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Egypt (1956)Egypt took British owned Suez Canal

Vital waterway allowing middle east oil to reach Europe

British & French attacked Egypt, Soviets warned them to withdraw

Canal remained under Egypt’s control

FOREIGN POLICY IN THE MIDDLE EAST

The Eisenhower Doctrine US pledged force would be used to help any middle eastern nation requesting aid against communist aggression

Justification for troops in Lebanon & Jordan

FOREIGN POLICY IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Guatemala (1954) CIA overthrew Guatemalan gov’t sympathetic to

SovietsNixon’s Tour (1958)

VP Nixon went on Latin American goodwill tour Met with anti-american mobs

Cuba (1956) Fidel Castro led successful revolt and turnedto Soviet Union for aid

FOREIGN POLICY IN LATIN AMERICA

Soviet leader Stalin died, Nikita Khrushchev took over Temporary ease of Cold War tensions Soviet focus on

domestic issues Geneva Conference (1955)

Leaders of the US, Soviet Union, Britain, & France discusses disarmament suspension of nuclear testing

CHANGES TO SOVIET-US RELATIONS IN 1950S