CSCM Bim group assignment.docx

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGNBACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS)

CONSTRUCTION SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT(MGT 60803)

GROUP PROJECT

Building Information Modelling (BIM)

Group Members: David Choong Yuen Loong 0329961

Esther Chuah Ning Sie 0321422

Lau Chong Yen 0318973

Lau Yi Yin 0318969

Tay Soon Huat 0319095

Submission Date: 29th November 2016

Lecturer: Ms. Tay Shir Men

TABLE OF CONTENT

Item Content Page1.0 Introduction to BIM 22.0 3D Model: Visualization Model 3

2.1 Services Provided by BIM 3D 3

2.2 List of Software for 3D Modelling

2.2.1 Architecture

2.2.2 Structures

2.2.3 MEP

3

3

4

4

2.3 Advantages to CSCM 4

2.4 Disadvantages and Costs 5

3.0 4D Model: Time Model 63.1 Services Provided by BIM 4D 6

3.2 List of Software for 4D Modelling 6



4.0 5D Model: Cost Model 84.1 Services Provided by BIM 5D 8




5.0 6D Model: Energy Model 105.1 Services Provided by BIM 6D 10




6.0 7D Model: Energy Model 136.1 Services Provided by BIM 7D 13




7.0 Conclusion and Recommendation 15References 16

1

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO BIM

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an intelligent 3D model-based process that

equips architecture, engineering, and construction professionals with the tools to a more

efficiently plan, design, construct, and manage buildings and infrastructure. With BIM

technology, an accurate virtual model of the building is digitally constructed. By creating a

digital Building Information Model it enables those who interact with the building to optimize

their actions, resulting in a greater whole life value for the asset. It will explores the benefits,

costs, risks and rewards associated with BIM, interoperability and integration. Other than

that, it also helps the architects, engineers and constructors visualize what is to be built and

to identify any potential design, construction, or operational issues. This saves a lot of

designer’s time since each view is coordinated through the built-in intelligence of the model.

Meanwhile, it is intended to serve as a starting point for those members considering

adopting BIM tools and applications as part of their business practices.

Dimensions of BIM ranging from 3D to 7D and each dimensions providing different

services addition to the project, which are visualization model (3D), time model (4D), cost

model (5D), energy model (6D) and facilities management (7D) as shown in Figure 1.1.

Each dimensions of BIM will house each chapter, where the services and software available

for the BIM dimensions as well as the advantages and costs of BIM to construction supply

chain management (CSCM) are discussed in detail.

Figure 1.1: Services provided by each dimensions of BIM

2

2.0 3D MODEL: VISUALIZATION MODEL2.1 Services Provided by BIM 3D

3D model is an existing integrated data model that various construction stakeholders

such as Architects, Builders, Civil Engineers, Manufacturers MEP System Engineers, MEP

System Engineers and Project Owners Structural Engineers, can extract and generate views

and information according to their needs. BIM 3D helps participants to manage their

multidisciplinary collaboration more effectively in modelling and analysing complex spatial

and structural problems which is more time saving.

Besides displaying the building in three dimensions, 3D BIM's visualizations also

provide simple schedule simulation and automatically update these views along with the

project life cycle, from the earliest conception to the final stage of a building. This animations

can be used as a good marketing tool for the buyer to have better understanding on the

construction progresses.

BIM 3D has laser scanning, ground penetration radars (GPR) conversions features

that drive an accurate site layout. BIM 3D driven prefabrication ensure the prefabricated

components will fit once on-site. Thus, moving construction work to a warehouse

environment greatly reduces the cost and the risk of slips, trips, falls, and soft-tissue injuries.

Moreover, BIM 3D has a clash detection function to spot 'clashes' at an early stage in the

construction project where they should be much easier, cheaper and less time consuming to

rectify.


2.2.1 Architecture

1. Autodesk Revit Architecture

2. Graphisoft ArchiCAD

3. Nemetschek Allplan Architecture

4. Gehry Technologies - Digital Project Designer

5. Nemetschek Vectorworks Architect

6. Bentley Architecture

7. 4MSA IDEA Architectural Design (IntelliCAD)

8. CADSoft Envisioneer

3

9. Softtech Spirit

10. RhinoBIM (BETA)

2.2.2 Structures

1. Autodesk Revit Structure

2. Bentley Structural Modeler

3. Bentley RAM, STAAD and ProSteel

4. Tekla Structures

5. CypeCAD

6. Graytec Advance Design

7. StructureSoft Metal Wood Framer

8. Nemetschek Scia

9. 4MSA Strad and Steel

10. Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis

2.2.3 MEP

1. Autodesk Revit MEP

2. Bentley Hevacomp Mechanical Designer

3. 4MSA FineHVAC + FineLIFT + FineELEC + FineSANI

4. Gehry Technologies - Digital Project MEP Systems Routing

5. CADMEP (CADduct / CADmech)

2.3 Advantages to CSCM

3D BIM enable the completion of visualization of the resource flow status, supply-

network visibility and accurate information concerning the status of material at different

stages to be enhanced. As a result, the managers have access to a BIM model with the full

range of material information. Besides that, BIM capability also accurately provides a

4

detailed take off in an early phase of the procurement process of the construction supply

chain management. Design intent communication will be effective, multidisciplinary

collaboration is encouraged and able to resolve potential problem at an early stage.

2.4 Disadvantages and Costs

3D Modelling is implemented at the initial phase of the construction project, which

covers procurement and design phase. The implementation of 3D BIM cause increased time

spent in the design phase due to revision of model to reduce error. BIM requires more effort

at the outset of a project. When BIM is used, it is insufficient for a contractor to simply submit

plans for its own work and then begin construction. The contractor must first sit down with

the designer and other prime contractors and create the collaborative model. BIM is not yet

universally used among construction professionals. There is always the possibility that one

of your partners or subcontractors may not use BIM and may not be able to use your

models. Besides that, the application of 3D modelling will increase cost in the design phase

for the software and expert staff for running the software. The relative newness of BIM

means that there are limited numbers of experts working in the field. Software purchase may

require an additional investment in training and education. The use of BIM requires

significant training and as with any software program there are costs associated with the

software such as purchasing, licensing and training. A contractor may need to upgrade its

computer system to effectively use the BIM software.

5

3.0 4D Model: Time Model

3.1 Services Provided by BIM 14D

4D BIM is used for construction site planning related activities, such as project

phrasing and scheduling. It allows participants to extract and visualize the progress of their

activities through the lifetime of the project.

The utilization of 4D BIM technology can result in improved control over conflict

detection or over the complexity of changes occurring during the course of a construction

project. 4D BIM provides methods for managing and visualizing site status information,

change impacts as well as supporting communication in various situations such as informing

site staff or warning about risks.

Construction sequences can be reviewed as a series of problems using 4D BIM,

enabling users to explore options, manage solutions and optimize results. It enables

construction product development, collaborative and transparent project implementation,

partnering with the supply chain and production of components.

With the help of schedule visualization, participants will be able to make sound

decisions and changes to the projects based on multiple sources of accurate real-time

information. 4D BIM show the critical path and the dependency of project sequences in chart

form. When happen that there is some changes in the project design, advanced BIM model

will automatically identify all the chances that will affect the critical path and will indicate what

the corresponding impact will be on the overall delivery of the project.


1. Synchro Professional Software

2. Navisworks

3. Vico Control Software

4. Navigator

5. ITwo

6


BIM visualization capability allows the generation of reports and alerts graphically.

Therefore, the time required to provide a list of all the materials is largely diminished and,

instead of using statistics reports, the 3D visualization of the material status is displayed at

any specified time by comparing the incoming quantity and the planned quantity to date.

Many BIM tools provide scheduling functionality and simple functions to link construction

schedule to the 3D model, allowing visualization of the sequential construction of the

building. When material status cannot be easily seen on a construction site due to physical

obstacles, computer-aided visualization is needed to facilitate reporting of process status.

The visual report produced by BIM can clearly demonstrate the availability of materials and

their final locations, which ultimately facilitate monitoring and properly provide process

transparency.


Although one of the advantages of using a BIM model is that changes can be made

quickly, BIM can disrupt the general procurement and construction process when ordering

items that require a long lead time. For example, a contractor may need to order material

based on the dimensions of the design. Ordering this material may take weeks or months. If

the dimensions change, as may occur when multiple contractors are inputting information

into a model on a continual basis, the contractor may be left with insufficient time to order the

material. Another challenges of implementing BIM is to manage resource and information,

after the complete implementation of BIM and network based integration. The company that

is implementing BIM has to ensure that the suppliers and subcontractors follow suit. This

involvement and implementation of BIM by suppliers and subcontractors will lead to

management of more information. Moreover, mapping and management of resources is still

done in a traditional way. New legal and construal processes are to be in place for the

successful implementation of BIM. The firm has to select an experienced and skilled partner

that can support with proficiency, knowledge, experience and resources.

7

4.0 5D MODEL: COST MODEL4.1 Services Provided by BIM 5D

5D BIM is used for budget tracking and cost analysis related activities. The 5D BIM

associated with 3D and 4D will allow participants to visualize the construction activities and

its related costs over time. The dominant models in 5D BIM are Quantity Extraction,

Prefabrication Solution, Real Time Conceptual Model, Trade Verification, Cost Planning and

Value Engineering.

5D BIM provides methods for extracting and analysing costs, evaluating scenarios

and changes impacts. Cost data can be added to each object item enabling the 5D BIM

model to generate a rough estimation and material cost calculation. This valuable tool will

ease the participant in conducting the value engineering. The utilization of 5D BIM

technology can result in a greater accuracy and predictability of project's estimates, scope

changes and materials, equipment or manpower changes. With the help of 5D BIM,

participants will be able to generate an array of essential estimating informations faster and

more accurately, such as materials quantities, costs, size, area estimates and productivity

projections, while project changes are made, estimating information will automatically

adjusts, thus allowing a better construction productivity.


1. Autodesk Navisworks

2. Solibri Model Checker

3. Vico Office Suite

4. Vela Field BIM

5. Bentley ConstrucSim

6. Tekla BIMSight

7. Glue (by Horizontal Systems)

8. Synchro Professional

9. Innovaya

8


5D BIM is able to develop a more efficient, cost-effective and sustainable

construction. BIM makes it possible to define discrete quantifiable elements to show detailed

material and component properties. BIM is a multi-faceted integrator of processes for the

monitoring and control of materials in the construction supply chain. BIM supports the

material flows in construction by reinforcing the existing and establishing new

communication protocols and feedback mechanisms between the design and construction

teams. For example, BIM ensures accurate feedback channels in remote construction

projects or monitors the supply chains by integrating tracking technologies to enhance the

visibility during the material delivery. Likewise, BIM is also used for calculating the cash

flows and strengthening the feasibility and control of project cost analyses.


The lack of inter-operability is a barrier to use 5D BIM as there is no smooth

exchange of information across all BIM disciplines involved. The fragmented construction

industry caused the vendors often run software in proprietary type of formats that restrict the

exchange of critical building data between multiple organizations, especially comes to cost

information, thus incompatibility between the BIM model and estimating platforms is seen as

a major barrier to 5D BIM implementation. Although IFC standards is generated to create

neutral file format but without complete inter-operability, items such as estimates and

schedules of quantities will be missed. Furthermore, lack of integration in the model will

result in difficulties to model costs for the project. This is due to parties in the industry work

separately and thus the information required for BIM also separated and integration of

information took time to be integrated properly.

9

5.0 6D MODEL: ENERGY MODEL5.1 Services Provided by BIM 6D

6D BIM helps perform energy consumption analyses. The utilization of 6D BIM

technology can result in more complete and accurate energy estimates earlier in the design

process. It also allows for measurement and verification during building occupation, and

improved processes for gathering lessons learned in high performance facilities.

The model of 6D BIM consists of conceptual energy analysis, detailed energy

analysis via Eco Tech, sustainable element tracking, conceptual energy via DProfiler,

lighting and day lighting analysis, LEED tracking, sun and shadow studies, airflow, climate

and solar radiation analysis. Sensors of the modeling provide feedback and data record

when building is under operation. Hence, energy efficiency of the building can be evaluated

and cost efficiency of the building material can be calculated.

6D BIM captures data which include details about the components manufacturer,

when it was installed, the necessary maintenance that it requires and when, how to operate

it at its optimum level to enhance performance or conserve energy, and its expected

lifespan. Once linked into the information model, 6D data can support decision making

during the design process and the operation of the built asset once it’s in use.

At delivery phase, 6D BIM enables design teams to consider their impact of their

proposals over a built asset’s lifecycle, simulating outcomes and anticipated costs. But the

ultimate value, lies in the use of that data to support the operational phase. At handover,

project teams can pass their complete data set (known as an Asset Information Model or

AIM from that point) over to the end-user. The digital model offers them a more controlled,

accessible and easily navigable way of managing their information.

With this data on maintenance, lifespans and energy performance to hand, operators

can determine the costs of those activities and create spend profiles over a built asset’s life,

pre-planning maintenance activities years in advance. It helps them adopt a completely

planned and proactive approach to FM and operation as opposed to a reactive one when

unexpected events and costs can crop up at any moment.

Where maintenance does occur, or where an asset is extended, refurbished or

remodelled, operators can update the information model with the relevant points about that

event.

10


1. Autodesk Ecotect Analysis

2. Autodesk Green Building Studio

3. Graphisoft EcoDesigner

4. IES Solutions Virtual Environment VE-Pro

5. Bentley Tas Simulator

6. Bentley Hevacomp

7. DesignBuilder


Sustainability in building construction may be easily achieved through the use of BIM

tool because it readily incorporates all the information required for the sustainability

certifications like Leadership in Energy and Environmental Designs (LEED) or at the early

stage of design when suitability planning is done. All the data regarding the building is

managed through a central repository and required documents for the sake of certification

process may be delivered with a lot of convenience. Decisions made at management level

are based on data aggregation from lower levels in addition to open and extensible

information exchange with the supply chain. Decisions made at this level consider many

factors such as the strategy adopted by the management team in terms of achieving the

emission targets and the financial implications of any managerial and technical solutions for

energy savings. The integration with the suppliers and other stakeholders such as buildings’

staff or occupiers is an essential element of the decision. Manufacturers’ data systems can

also be integrated to automatically generate execution details of the building systems with

construction guidelines provided by the manufacturers. This will provide the information

needed for quantity take offs and products used for various simulators and assessment

tools. This could be to fix site problems or liaise with occupiers for better use of the buildings.


Current BIM system do not allow for knowledge sharing among energy managers

across all public departments. The restriction of sharing information unable to add value to

the used system which will affect the sustainability of the buildings, such as preservation of

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historical building. Besides, various information which comes from various phases of the

building’s lifecycle should be available to operate and maintain the many complex energy

systems used by buildings’ occupants. However, the building information is fragmented,

which is created over the building lifecycle by different teams with different objectives and

stored in dofferent system. Therefore, this identifies that lack of integration of information is

the barrier for energy managers in using BIM 6D.

12

6.0 7D MODEL: FACILITIES MANAGEMENT6.1 Services Provided by BIM 7D

7D BIM is used by managers in the operation and maintenance of the facility

throughout its life cycle. It allows participants to extract and track relevant asset data such as

component status, specifications, maintenance operation manuals, warranty data etc.

With facility management application, the 7D BIM model includes life Cycle BIM

strategies, BIM as Built, BIM embedded O and M manuals, Cobic data population, BIM

maintenance Plan and BIM file hosting. Throughout the construction phase, the designer will

able to update the detail of the project as built model upon completion.

Besides, 7D BIM also features specifications, operations and maintenance manuals

and warranty information which is useful in conducting maintenance, computerized building

database for record, renovation and maintenance. This eliminates the problems that can

currently be experienced if the O&M manual has been misplaced or is kept at a remote

location.

The utilization of 7D-BIM technology can result in easier and quicker parts

replacements, optimized compliance and a streamlined asset life cycle management over

time. 7D BIM provides processes for managing subcontractor or supplier data and facility

component through the entire facility life cycle.


1. Bentley Facilities

2. FM:Systems FM:Interact

3. Vintocon ArchiFM (For ArchiCAD)

4. Onuma System

5. EcoDomus


The integration of BIM and 7D CAD simulation models able to optimizes asset

management from design to demolition. In the operation and maintenance of the facility, BIM

can act as central repository for the Building data which may help to increase the safety and

emergency response plan through integrating building information with simulation to avoid

13

clashes and detect security planning in the early stages of fire, earthquake and explosions

and its impact on structural damage.


7D modelling is more concern on post-construction and project life cycle where

frequent updates are inserted into the modelling which will result in the difficulty in managing

additional volume and complexity of digital information. This will require an upgrade in

hardware and software to manage the information which will lead to increase in cost.

Training will also need to be provided to facilities managers to understand and operate BIM

which will incur cost. Interoperability between software applications by different party and

different point of time will cause large number of data exchange and updating takes place.

This is due to individual and firms will have their own preferred system, software application

and processes.

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7.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

In conclusion, BIM is a powerful tools which rely heavily on information to support the

building model. Different dimensions of BIM are developed for different services and to be

implemented at different stages of the projects which requires inputs of information by

different professionals. The promise and advantages of an integrated information and

database sharing model across the entire life span of a built asset have been identified and

the barriers to implementation are as well identified.

BIM ensure efficiencies and effectiveness through collaboration at all stages of

construction cycle. BIM has the power in construction and operation phase which reduce the

construction time and reduce the spending on operation and overhead cost. BIM improves

the process of construction and reduce project documents. In CSCM context, BIM is able to

accurately provide detailed take-off at the early stage of procurement process, detailed

planning of the material delivery, enhance information flows and precise decision making by

management level.

However, there are challenges which commonly faced by each dimensions of BIM,

which includes reluctance to change, high cost of software, hardware and training, higher

front loaded fees, difficulties in information storage, software incompatibility with other

parties, lack of integration security and management of resources. However, with the

increased usage of BIM, the solutions to overcome the barriers will be identified to enhance

the BIM functions.

The use of modern software that allows BIM in construction projects represents a

technological progress with many advantages for all participants, ranging from clients,

design team, consultants and contractors in design and construction stages to occupants,

energy managers, facilities managers during the post-construction stage. In quantity

surveyor perspective, BIM will enhance its profession especially in the efficiency and

accuracy of quantity surveying functions, including taking-off quantities, cost estimating,

planning processes and cost management.

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References

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Bimpanzee, n.d. IM 3D, 4D, 5D. 6D AND 7D. [online] Available at: <http://www.bimpanzee.com/bim-3d-4d--5d--6d---7d.html> [15 November 2016].

Dave, C. 2009. An introduction to Building Information Modeling. [online] Available at: < http://cms.ashrae.biz/bim/pdf/BIMGuide_Rev_110309.pdf > [22 November 2016].

David, M. 2015. Pros & Cons of Using a BIM Model for your Next Project. [online] Available at: <https://www.constructionmonitor.com/blog/2015/12/03/pros-cons-of-using-a-bim-model-for-your-next-project/> [22 November 2016].

Elise, M. C. 2010. The Legal Risks of Building Information Modeling (BIM). [online] Available at: < http://www.constructionlawsignal.com/by-subject/design-and-technology/the-legal-risks-of-building-information-modeling-bim/> [22 November 2016].

Hergunsel, M. F., 2011. Benefits of Building Information Modeling for Construction Managers, [online] Available at:< https://web.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-042011-135239/unrestricted/MHergunsel_Thesis_BIM.pdf> [15 November 2016].

Irizarry, J., Karan, E. P. and Jalaei, F. 2013. Integrating BIM and GIS to improve the visual monitoring of construction supply chain management. Automation in Construction. [e-journal] 31, 241-254. Available through: ScienceDirect. [Accessed 21 November 2016]

Job Order Contracting, (2013). Lean Construction Project Delivery Method. [Online] 2 April, Available at: <https://jobordercontracting.org/2013/04/02/the-4-dimensions-of-bim/> [Accessed 15 November 2016].

Joey, G. 2016. BIM survey: Multi-dimensional issues [online] Available at: < http://www.building.co.uk/analysis/features/construction-issues/bim-survey-multi-dimensional-issues/5084742.article [15 November 2016].

Khalfan, M., Khan, H. and Maqsood, T. 2015. Building Information Model and Supply Chain Integration: A Review. [online] Project Gutenberg. Available at: < http://www.joebm.com/papers/308-BM00032.pdf> [Accessed 16 November 2016].

Mhmad, B. 2015. List of BIM Software & Providers. [online] Available at: <https://thebimhub.com/2015/08/17/list-of-bim-software-providers/#.WDqhRKNh3R0> [22 November 2016].

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https://jobordercontracting.org/2013/04/02/the-4-dimensions-of-bim/

NBS. 2016. Clash Detection in BIM. [online] Available at: <https://www.thenbs.com/knowledge/clash-detection-in-bim> [16 November 2016].

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Tangerine Trees. 2014. Community bim storyboard. [online] Available at: <http://www.slideshare.net/keljohnson/community-bim-storyboard> [15 November 2016].

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https://www.scribd.com/document/317426708/Bim-Construction-Supply-Chain-Management

https://www.scribd.com/document/317426708/Bim-Construction-Supply-Chain-Management

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