Deammonification: Is it Right for You? · Mill Creek WWTP, Cincinnati, OH ... •DEMON® SBR(at WPF...

Deammonification: Is it Right for You?

Ting Lu, PhD, PE Jim Fitzpatrick, PE

Jun

e 2

4, 2

01

5

OWEA 2015 Technical Conference and Exhibition June 22-25, 2015 Kalahari Convention Center, Sandusky, Ohio

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

• Background and Overview

• Case Studies

• Conclusions

Outline

2

June 24, 2015 Black & Veatch | Deammonification: Is It Right for You? |

Co

urt

esy

Paq

ues

From http://water.usgs.gov/nasqan/images/nasqan_ms_web.jpg

• Harmful algal bloom (HAB) in lakes TP

• Gulf of Mexico hypoxia from Mississippi Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB) TN

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

Drivers in Ohio

June 24, 2015

3

Black & Veatch | Deammonification: Is It Right for You? |

Fro

m h

ttp

://i

jc.o

rg/e

n_/

Lake Erie, 2011

From http://wwwapp.epa.ohio.gov/gis/mapportal/hab.html

http://ijc.org/en_/

http://wwwapp.epa.ohio.gov/gis/mapportal/hab.html

DEAMMONIFICATION

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

Consumes a lot of oxygen and chemicals. Energy intensive.

• Conventional

Conventional Nitrogen Removal

June 24, 2015

5

NO2-

O2

(25%)

O2

(75%)

NO3-

AOB

N2↑

rbCOD

(40%)

Heterotrophs

NH4+

NO2-

NOB

Heterotrophs

rbCOD

(60%)

Aerobic Anoxic O2 rbCOD


• Conventional

A two step process but occurring in one stage

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

Deammonification

NO2-

O2

(25%)

O2

(40%)

NO3-

AOB

N2↑

rbCOD

(40%)

Heterotrophs

NH4+

NO2-

NOB

Heterotrophs

rbCOD

(60%)

Aerobic Anoxic O2

N2↑ + NO3- Anammox

89% 11% rbCOD

(0%) NH4+

55%

45%

6

• Less O2 consumption (-60%)

• No carbon required (-100%)

• Less sludge production


OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

Exponential growth in sidestream installations since discovery (1990s) and commercialization (2000s)

• Extremely slow cell growth rate (~10 day doubling time)

• Biomass retention is critical

• Optimal temperature = 25 – 35 oC

• Various control complexity

• Timed intermittent aeration

• DO and pH feedback control

• NO2-, NO3

-, and NH3 feedback control

• Control competing NOBs

Anammox Overview

7


OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

Side Stream Treatment with Anammox

June 24, 2015

8


Anammox grows well in digestate liquors Startup range: 1-2 months ⬌ >6 months (w/ seed) (w/o seed)

NH3-N = 500-2000 mg/L

NH3-N = 50-200 mg/L , NOX-N = 5-20 mg/L

Primary Sludge

Ale

x R

ose

nth

al

Anaerobic Digestion

Ale

x R

ose

nth

al

Dewatering

Ale

x R

ose

nth

al

Waste Activated Sludge

Ale

x R

ose

nth

al

Ale

x R

ose

nth

al

Ale

x R

ose

nth

al

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

Biggest Drivers 1. Reduce or eliminate carbon supplementation 2. N removal in a small footprint

Total WWTP Energy Use

60 % Used For Aeration

50 % For Nitrification

10-20 % N Load From Sidestream

60 % More Efficient Than Conventional

Digestate Sidestream Application

June 24, 2015

9

Total WWTP Energy savings of 2-4 %


SBR + Cyclone e.g. DEMON® (World Water Works)

Granular Upflow e.g. Anammox® (Paques)

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

Reactor Types and Technologies

June 24, 2015

10


Media (MBBR or IFAS)

e.g. ANITA™ Mox (Veolia/AnoxKaldnes)

SBR e.g. Cleargreen™ (IDI)

Ale

x R

ose

nth

al

Ale

x R

ose

nth

al

Alex Rosenthal

• AOB: Aerobic process

•Anammox: Anoxic process

Syn

thet

ic C

arri

er

Wal

l

June 24, 2015 Black & Veatch | Deammonification: Is It Right for You? | O

WE

A 2

01

5 T

EC

HN

ICA

L C

ON

FE

RE

NC

E A

ND

EX

HIB

ITIO

N

11

Aeration •Blowers •Coarse bubble diffusers

Design Components

12

Physical layout

Carrier media

Cyclone (Demon®)

Anammox sludge (granule startup)

Mixing

Decanter (SBR)

Screens (media)

June 24, 2015 Black & Veatch | Deammonification: Is It Right for You? | O

WE

A 2

01

5 T

EC

HN

ICA

L C

ON

FE

RE

NC

E A

ND

EX

HIB

ITIO

N

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://dir.indiamart.com/impcat/turbo-blowers.html&ei=0eEdVZTmB4qcsAWikoDYAw&bvm=bv.89947451,d.eXY&psig=AFQjCNF6H8GZphFu1F99LUCX3cEUV6ZgIw&ust=1428108087507959

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://www.hydrofluxhuber.com.au/moving-bed-biofilm-reactors/&ei=yOAdVf-lFIawggSp04LACQ&bvm=bv.89947451,d.eXY&psig=AFQjCNGi-tvjkP8v3rGxuejFDILnpNuM1A&ust=1428107834643589

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://www.aquapoint.com/lotus.html&ei=-uAdVbmiKsWYgwSU2oDwAw&bvm=bv.89947451,d.eXY&psig=AFQjCNGi-tvjkP8v3rGxuejFDILnpNuM1A&ust=1428107834643589

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

Rapidly becoming established for sidestream applications

Gaining Traction in North America

June 24, 2015

13


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015

Cu

mu

lati

ve N

um

be

r of I

nst

alla

tio

ns

Year

Worldwide Deammonification Facilities

ANNAMOX®

DEMON®

ANITA™ Mox

Source: T. Farina (2012) An Overview of Sidestream Treatment Alternatives Used to Increase Nutrient Removal, OWEA Annual Conference, Aurora, Ohio

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015

Cu

mu

lati

ve C

apac

ity

kgN

/day

Year

Worldwide Deammonification Capacity

ANNAMOX®

DEMON®

ANITA™ Mox

Pilot ■ John E. Egan WRP, Chicago, IL ■ Robert W. Hite WRF, Denver, CO ■ Joint WPCP, Los Angeles County, CA ■ Mill Creek WWTP, Cincinnati, OH ■ St. Joseph, MO ■ Tomahawk WWTF, Johnson County, KS

Full-Scale ■ Greeley, CO ■ Guelph, Ontario, CAN ■ Durham, NC ■ Washington, DC ■ Pierce County, WA

New Since 2012

CASE STUDIES

• Cincinnati, OH

• St. Joseph, MO

• Washington, DC

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

MSDGC • 230,000 residential and

commercial users • 250 industrial users Mill Creek WWTP • Up to 430 mgd primary and

disinfection • Up to 240 mgd activated

sludge treatment • Fluid bed incineration:

~100 dry ton per day

Background

June 24, 2015

15


OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

High organic and ammonia concentrations. Significant variability.

Major Industrial Waste: Landfill Leachate

16

Landfill

Leachates

Flow TCOD SCOD NH4-N pH Ca Temp

MGD (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (°C)

Regular

Strength

Avg. 0.1 4,226 1,988 650 8.5 100 25

Min 1,290 1,110 140 7.6 85 15

Max 20,600 4,900 1,460 10.6 140 29

High

Strength

Avg. 0.2 65,000 60,000 1,932 6.9 3,200 30

Min 49,000 35,500 1,434 5.4 2,667 28

Max 105,000 95,000 3,500 7.1 3,570 38


Increasing importance of treatment alternatives for leachate

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

Leachate Treatment Challenges

17


Industrial Load

• Highly variable

• High strength

• Very odorous

• Discharge to big interceptor

POTW

• Process instability

• Consumes energy

• Odor control

• CSO events

• New WWTP?

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

Pilot Project Objectives

18

• How feasible is deammonification for leachate treatment?

Treatability

• Does leachate pose inhibition risks to the deammonification process?

Inhibition

• How stable/reliable is the deammonification process for this application?

Stability/Reliability

Jan 14, 2014| Lu| Leachate Pilot Project June 24, 2015 Black & Veatch | Deammonification: Is It Right for You? |

Regular leachate:

• ANITA™ Mox

• Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)

• Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge (IFAS)

• Nitrite shunt

High strength leachate:

• Anaerobic Member Bioreactor (AnMBR)

• Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) + ANITA™ Mox

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

Processes Piloted

19


OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

Maintain the right microbial structure!

A-stage (ANITA™ Mox)

• AOB & Anammox

• Nitrogen removal

C-stage

• Heterotrophic bacteria

• Carbon removal

Pilot MBBR Flow Schematic


20

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

Pilot Plant Layout

21

C-Stage Reactor

C-Clarifier A-Clarifier Train 1 A-Stage

Reactor Train 2 A-Stage

Reactor


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000 C

OD

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n, m

g/L

MBBR – COD Profiles

Feed - Total COD

C-stage Eff sol. COD

Anita Mox Eff sol. COD

Majority of COD was removed by C-stage.

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

22


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400 N

H4-N

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n, m

g/L

MBBR - Ammonia Profiles

Influent C-stage Eff Anita Mox Eff

A-stage removed majority of ammonia instead of C-stage after ~July 9th

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

23


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400 To

tal I

no

rgan

ic N

itro

gen

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n, m

g/L

MBBR - TIN Profiles

Influent C-stage Eff Anita Mox Eff

A-stage removed majority of influent TIN after ~July 9th

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

24


OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

• OWEA 2015 Technical Conference and Exhibition

ANITA™ Mox Design Criteria

June 24, 2015

25


CINCINNATI DENVER* LA**

Feed Regular Leachate Centrate Centrate

Media Originated from Denver

REMOVAL (%)

SRR*** (g/m2/day)

SRR (g/m2/day)

SRR (g/m2/day)

COD 80 15 N/A N/A

TIN 82 1.1 2.5 2

*Hollowed et al (2013) Evaluation of the Anita-Mox Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor Process for Sidestream Deammonification at the Robert W. Hite Treatment Facility, Denver Colorado, WEF Nutrient Removal & Removery Conference, Vancouver, Canada. **Nicholas Smal, Michael Liu, Robert Morton (2014) Pilot-scale Evaluation of Anita Mox for Centrate Nitrogen Removal at the JWPC, California Water Environment Association Annual Conference, Santa Clara, California. ***Surface Removal Rate

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

MSDGC Pilot Conclusions

26

• ANITA™ Mox capable of treating regular landfill leachate

• Seeded media from centrate was able to adapt to leachate

Treatability

• Apparent inhibition from leachate attributed to a lower surface removal rate (SRR)

Inhibition

• Biofilm medium is very reliable and robust to respond to toxic conditions (i.e. nitrite build up)

Stability/Reliability

Jan 14, 2014| Lu| Leachate Pilot Project June 24, 2015 Black & Veatch | Deammonification: Is It Right for You? |

ST. JOSEPH, MISSOURI

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

Industrial community is essential to the City

Water Protection Facility • 20-mgd annual average • New permit limits for ammonia • Two SIUs = 15% influent flow

and 50% TN load

• 77,000 residents • 30 industrial users

Background


28

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

New approaches to reduce costs to both City rate payers and industrial users

Technical Assistance Program

• Public/private partnership

• City

• Industrial users

• Consultants

• Innovative approaches to allow increased industrial production as well as meet new NPDES permit limits

• Pilot new nitrogen removal technologies

Goals and Objectives

29

Domestic

Dedicated 1

Dedicated 2

Dedicated 3

8000 ppd Influent NH3-N – 4200 ppd Permitted 3800 ppd NH3-N to remove


OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

•Feasible compliance scenario •Pilot studies to evaluate treatment technologies

Concept for Future Nitrogen Removal


30

Clarifier

Digesters

• Deammonification conversion

• Two unused secondary digesters

• Existing mixing and heating

• Potential alkalinity addition

• Re-route SIUs from clarifier

Domestic

Dedicated 1

Dedicated 2

Dedicated 3

3800 ppd Removal Required – 3200 ppd Deammonification by SIU 600 ppd Nitrification by POTW

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

Nitrogen Removal Technology Evaluations

June 24, 2015

31


• Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge (IFAS)

• ANITA™ Mox Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)

• DEMON® Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)

• Granular Activated Sludge

• 2-stage Membrane Bioreactor (MBR)

• Nitrite Shunt

Preliminary Alternatives

Screening

• ANITA™ Mox MBBR (by B&V)

• ANITA™ Mox MBBR (by AnoxKaldnes)

Bench-Scale

Pilot Testing

• DEMON® SBR(at WPF by World Water Works)

• DEMON® SBR (at SIU by World Water Works)

Demonstration-Scale

Pilot Testing

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

NH3 and alkalinity monitored to track performance

Initial Bench-Scale Piloting

June 24, 2015

32


Influent Conditions Reactor Conditions

Reactor #1: 45% SIU#1, 45% SIU#2, 10% WPF digester sludge supernatant

0.25 m2 pre-colonized media from NYC pilot

Reactor #2: SIU#1 – Slaughter house wastewater

1 to 2 day hydraulic retention

Reactor #3: SIU#2– tannery wastewater Single-stage intermittent aeration

30 to 35 oC

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

Alkalinity limiting episodes

• At 30oC (±0.8) average temperature:

• Average ammonia removal efficiency = 70% (± 23)

• Average removal rate = 1.5 g/m2-d (± 0.7)

Anammox MBBR Pilot - Mixed Influent

June 24, 2015

33


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

12

/27

/12

1/6

/13

1/1

6/1

3

1/2

6/1

3

2/5

/13

2/1

5/1

3

2/2

5/1

3

Alk

alin

ity

mg

CaC

O3

/L

NH

3 C

on

cetr

atio

n ,

mgN

/L

Anammox Pilot: Mixed WW

Influent NH3 Effluent NH3 Effluent Alkalinity

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

1/11 to 1/24/13 - temperature dropped to 22oC

• At 34 oC (± 1.7) average temperature:

• Average ammonia removal efficiency = 86% (±0.14)

• Average removal rate = 0.71g/m2 –d (±0.24)

Anammox MBBR pilot - SIU #1 Influent

June 24, 2015

34


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

12

/27

/12

1/6

/13

1/1

6/1

3

1/2

6/1

3

2/5

/13

2/1

5/1

3

2/2

5/1

3

Alk

alin

ity,

mg

CaC

O3

/L

NH

3 C

on

cetr

atio

n ,

mgN

/L

Anammox Pilot: Triumph Foods WW


OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

Inhibition suspected from micronutrient deficiencies and/or biocide

• At 33 oC (± 0.7) average temperature:

• Average ammonia removal efficiency = 30% (±12)

• Average removal rate = 1.1 g/m2 –d (±0.22)

Anammox MBBR pilot - SIU #2 Influent

June 24, 2015

35


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1/2

/13

1/1

2/1

3

1/2

2/1

3

2/1

/13

2/1

1/1

3

2/2

1/1

3

Alk

alin

ity,

mg

CaC

O3

/L

NH

3 C

on

cetr

atio

n ,

mgN

/L

Anammox Pilot: NBL WW


OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

Variability of wastewater characteristics hindered performance

• WPF and SIU locations

• Average ammonia removal = 70%

DEMON® Full Scale Demonstration

June 24, 2015

36


OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

Approximately 30% lower capital costs than conventional MLE alternative

Conceptual Design

June 24, 2015

37


Project Estimate = $20-29 million

•Yard piping

•Equalization basin

•Influent pump station

•Digester conversion

•Blower modifications

WASHINGTON, DC

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

FTF design based on DEMON® process

Deammonification for DC Water

June 24, 2015

39


New Filtrate Treatment Facility (FTF)

Blue Plains AWTP

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

• Design Features

• BFP filtrate from thermal hydrolysis anaerobic digestion

• DEMON® process, largest of its kind, first multi-tank system

• Treat 1.1 mgd with NH3-N up to 3,000 mg/L

• Remove ~27,340 lb-N/day

• Schedule

• 2013 - design completed

• March 2014 - construction NTP

• Dec 2016 - substantial completion

• Probable Construction Cost

• $ 47-53 Million

Blue Plains AWTP Filtrate Treatment Facility

June 24, 2015

40


CONCLUSIONS

OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

Deammonification is generally lowest cost alternative on $/lb N removed basis

Considerations:

• Effluent nitrogen limits

• Wastestream characteristics - C:N ratio

• Anaerobic digestion

• Space constraints

• Potential toxicity or inhibition - pilot testing

• Temperature

• Chemical and energy costs

• Existing facilities and operations

Is Deammonification Right for You?

June 24, 2015

42


OW

EA

20

15

TE

CH

NIC

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

AN

D E

XH

IBIT

ION

T. Lu, B. George, D. Metz, D. Linn, A. Bahar, H. Zhao (2014) How Does Deammonification Technology Work in Industrial Waste: A Case Study of Using Anita Mox Process to Treat Landfill Leachate, WEFTEC Proceedings, New Orleans, Louisiana.

G. Hunter, R. Jezek, A. Clements, D. Gilpin, A. Nifong, C. Johnson, M. Ekenberg (2014) Communication and Technology: Winning Formula for Treatment of Industrial Waste, WEFTEC Proceedings, New Orleans, Louisiana.

P. Thomson, B. Blair, S. Kharkar, N. Passarelli, C. deBarbadillo, R. DerMinassian, B. Woods, J. Doane, J. Tattersall (2014) Deammonification Treatment of Filtrate Sidestream at Blue Plains AWTP: Project Challenges and Updates, WEFTEC Proceedings, New Orleans, Louisiana.

For Further Details:

June 24, 2015

43


Ting Lu | Deputy Integrated Planning Lead 513.936.5109 | [email protected]

Sid Sengupta | Client Services Director 513.936.5121 | [email protected]

Dianne Sumego | Client Services Director 330.607.5619 | [email protected]

Jim Fitzpatrick | Senior Process Engineer 913.458.3695 | [email protected]

Date post:	12-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	vuongthien
View:	219 times
Download:	5 times

Deammonification: Is it Right for You? · Mill Creek WWTP, Cincinnati, OH ... •DEMON® SBR(at WPF...

Documents