Direcci ón Nacional de Medio Ambiente

Dirección Nacional de Medio Ambiente

Mercury Storage and Disposal LAC Two Countries Project

Inception workshop

Waste, sites and legal framework

Beatriz Olivet

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Mercury and mercury waste in Uruguay

Industry sector General waste

• Present SW

• Future SW (chlor-alkali dismantling)

• Lamps

• Batteries

• Switches

• Thermometers

• Others

Health sector

• Thermometers

• Amalgam

• Sphygmomanometers

• Probes

• Others

Present waste

• Mercury emission inventory in the industrial sector– Energy transformation facilities included– Refinery facility included– Use of equipment (ex. Manometers, thermometers) not

included– Intentional use of mercury in industry (chlor-alkali plant)

as the principal source

Project: “Minimization and environmentally sound management of mercury containing waste in Latin America and the Caribbean ”

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Mercury emission inventory in the industrial sector 2009

C Source categories ExistsCalculated Hg output,

Kg/yComentaries

5.1 Extraction and use of fuels/energy sources s 47,2 Industry, energy transformation ande energry generation facilities included

5.2 Primary (virgin) metal production s 29,5 Gold extraction and purification

5.3 Production of other minerals and materials with mercury impurities s 150,8 Cement, lime and paper pulp

sectors

5.4 Intentional use of mercury in industrial processes s 1.140,0 Chlor-alkali industry

5.5 Consumer products with intentional use of mercury s 10,4 Timerosal use in local produced vaccines

5.6 Other intentional product / process use n/a - Not included

5.7 Production of recycled metals ("secondary" metal production) s 1,7 Ferrous metal recycling was

evaluated

5.8 Waste incineration s 10,5 Medical waste

5.9 Waste deposition/landfilling and waste water treatment n/a - Not included

5.10 Crematoria and cemetaries n/a - Not included

SUM OF QUANTIFIED RELEASES-INDUSTRY: 1.390

6

-

200

400

600

800

1.000

1.200

Project: “Minimization and environmentally sound management of mercury containing waste …in Latin America and the Caribbean ... ”


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C Sub-C Categorías de las fuentesExiste? (y/n/?)

Salidas calculadas de mercurios, Kg/año Comentarios

Aire Agua TierraImpurezas

en productos

Desechos generales

Tratamiento sectorial

específico

5.1 Extracción y uso de combustibles y fuentes de energía

5.1.2 Otros usos del carbón y 0,1 - - - - - Uso metalúrgico en reciclado de metales

5.1.3 Extracción, refinación y uso de petróleo y 27,8 0,1 - 0,7 1,0 - No hay extracción. Refinería y uso industrial

5.1.4 Extracción, refinación y uso de gas natural y 0,0 - - - - - Muy bajo consumo. Planes de aumento a futuro.

5.1.6 Energía obtenida por la quema de biomasa y 17,6 - - - - - Leña, residuos de biomasa. No se incluye licor negro por estar en categoría de pulpa y papel.

5.2 Producción primaria de metales

5.2.6Extracción de oro y procesamiento inicial por métodos distintos que el amalgamamiento con mercurio

y 0,6 1,2 - - - 27,8 Extracción de oro en Minas de Corrales, purificación con cianuro.

5.3 Producción de otros minerales y materiales con mercurio como impureza

5.3.1 Producción de cemento y 60,1 - - 24,2 2,3 -

5.3.2 Producción de pulpa y papel y 32,6 21,0 - 6,0 - -

5.3.3 Producción de cal y hornos de agregados ligeros y 4,6 - - - - -

5.4 Uso intencional de mercurio en procesos industriales

5.4.1 Plantas de producción de cloro-álcali con tecnología de mercurio y 23,8 0,0 - 1,2 - 1.115,0 Planta de cloro-álcali con tecnología de mercurio.

5.5 Productos de consumo con uso intencional de mercurio

5.5.8 Productos farmacéuticos para uso humano y veterinario y - 5,2 5,2 - - - Uso de timerosal en vacunas de uso veterinario

5.5.9 Productos cosméticos y relacionados con mercurio n - - - - - -

5.6 Otros usos intencionales en productos y procesos

5.7 Producción de metales reciclados (producción secundaria)

5.7.2 Producción de metales ferrosos reciclados y 0,4 - 0,4 - 0,4 0,4

5.7.3 Producción de otros metales reciclados y - - - - - - No se cuantificó por falta de información sobre contenido de mercurio

5.8 Incineración de desechos

5.8.2 Incineración de desechos peligrosos y - - - - - - Incinerador de residuos peligrosos, principalmente de la industria farmacéutica no fue suficientemente evaluado.

5.8.3 Incineración de desechos médicos y 5,2 - - - 5,2 - Incinerador de residuos de origen hospitalario (no incluye residuos comunes)

5.9 Disposición de desechos/rellenos sanitarios y tratamiento de aguas residuales

5.10 Crematorios y cementerios

SUMA DE LIBERACIONES CUANTIFICADAS DE MERCURIO EN LA INDUSTRIA 172,9 27,5 5,6 32,1 8,9 1143,2

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Total 1.390 kgTotal 1.890 kg

Uso intencional de mercurio enprocesos industriales

Producción de otros minerales ymateriales con mercurio comoimpurezaExtracción y uso de combustiblesy fuentes de energía

Producción primaria de metales

Incineración de desechos

Productos de consumo con usointencional de mercurio

Producción de metales reciclados(producción secundaria)


Scenario of a possible introduction of carbon in the energy matrix (200 MW) and high content mercury oil

Total 1.390 kg Total 1.890 kg

Uso intencional de mercurio enprocesos industriales

Producción de otros minerales ymateriales con mercurio comoimpurezaExtracción y uso de combustiblesy fuentes de energía

Producción primaria de metales

Incineración de desechos

Productos de consumo con usointencional de mercurio

Producción de metales reciclados(producción secundaria)

Mercury emission inventory in the industrial sector Release routes

C Categorías de las fuentes

Aire Agua TierraImpurezas

en productos

Desechos

generale

Tratamiento sectorial

específico

5.1Extracción y uso de combustibles y fuentes de energía

45,5 0,1 - 0,7 1,0 -

5.2 Producción primaria de metales 0,6 1,2 - - - 27,8

5.3Producción de otros minerales y materiales con mercurio como impureza

97,4 21,0 - 30,2 2,3 -

5.4 Uso intencional de mercurio en procesos industriales 23,8 0,0 - 1,2 - 1.115,0

5.5Productos de consumo con uso intencional de mercurio

- 5,2 5,2 - - -

5.6 Otros usos intencionales en productos y procesos - - - - - -

5.7Producción de metales reciclados (producción secundaria)

0,4 - 0,4 - 0,4 0,4

5.8 Incineración de desechos 5,2 - - - 5,2 -

5.9Disposición de desechos/rellenos sanitarios y tratamiento de aguas residuales

- - - - - -

5.10 Crematorios y cementerios - - - - - -

TOTAL 172,9 27,5 5,6 32,1 8,9 1.143,2

Salidas calculadas de mercurios, Kg/año

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Air Water LandImpurity in

pro-ductsGeneral

waste

Sector specific treatment/di

sposal

173 27 6 32 9 1.143 (*)

Mercury emission inventory in the industrial 2009Release routes

(*) Solid waste containing mercury from the chlorine plant (682kg) were considered sector-specific treatment. Mercury unaccounted (432kg) as well, based on a detailed study since it is estimated that it is divided between the sludge (which have a significant variability) and contained in the system itself.

Project: “Minimization and environmentally sound management of mercury containing waste …in Latin America and the Caribbean ... ”

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• Present SW


• Lamps

• Batteries

• Switches

• Thermometers

• Others

Health sector

• Thermometers

• Amalgam


• Probes

• Others

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Future desmantling of the chlor – alkali facility

• Mercury containing waste– Equipment, building, – Abandonment plan proposal

• Metalic mercury– Probable export depending on the progress of

negotiations on mercury at the time

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• Present SW


• Lamps

• Batteries

• Switches

• Thermometers

• Others

Health sector

• Thermometers

• Amalgam


• Probes

• Others

Pilot inventory in the health sector (1)

• It was done at the Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República

• Background: between 2006 and 2008, eradication program for clinical thermometers and sphygmomanometers

Some findings:• The previous intervention was successful.

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• In 2006, at the HC, sphygmomanometers were repaired in unsuitable conditions for health and environment. Actually, it may be done in other institutions.

• There’s a place assigned to keep elemental mercury• No more amalgams are used in the HC (except

hemophilic patients)• There’s no homogeneous criteria about disposal bags to

put on mercury containing waste (sharps, infectious, general)

• Others emissions sources were also irrelevant (manometers, lamps, batteries, chemicals, etc)

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General sectorial comments • There are programs to replace clinical

thermometers and sphygmomanometers with different levels of development

• Amalgam - more investigation is required. • Medical waste route is in general autoclaving or

incineration (infectious waste) or landfill• Other hospitals are gathering (conditions?) medical

waste containing mercury (like sphymomanometers)

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Mercury containing waste in the health sector

Posible action lines:• Define eradication in applications where mercury use may be

replaced• Window of opportunity to use the metallic mercury in the chlor-

alkali facility. To define / solve – Conditions for receiving and tracking waste

– Equipment contaminated with mercury

Considerations• Intra-hospital Management - MSP responsibility• Infectious hospital waste treatment

– Incineration

– Autoclaving

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• Present SW


• Lamps

• Batteries

• Switches

• Thermometers

• Others

Health sector

• Thermometers

• Amalgam

• Sphygmomanometer

• Probes

• Others

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Mercury emissions inventory in products

• Mercury emissions 2010– Max emissions: 2.033 kg– Min emissions: 939 kg– Principal release route: general waste. – Principal products: switches, amalgams,

thermometers, polyurethanes

– It includes all types of products (used in industry, health sector or general)

Project: “Sound mangemente of mercury containing products”

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% de liberaciones máximas de Hg por producto

41,1%

27,0%

9,1%

8,2%

6,8%

2,9%3,5% 0,74% 0,59%

Interruptores Amalgamas dentales Termómetros

Poliuretanos Manómetros Pilas

Fuentes de luz Timerosal P.qcos.

Inventario de emisiones en productosMercury emissions inventory in products

Project: “Sound mangemente of mercury containing products”

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Present situation of industrial waste

• Local government authorized disposal – Comparable to USW (not hazardous)

– Montevideo• Sludge / Others

• Treatment by waste managers and authorized local disposal

• Disposal site company owned (4):– Ferrous metal recycling / paper pulp / tannery/ gold mining

tailings (cyanide purification technology)

• Collection, waiting for a solution• Informal / inadequate

• Industry disposal site for hazardous waste

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Industry disposal site for hazardous wasteIndustry Chamber (CIU) (1)

• Project approved by DINAMA

• Agreement between CIU, Intendencia Montevideo, MVOTMA, MIEM

• Main Background: Waste Management Plan for the Metropolitan Area of Montevideo

• Transitional solution (pending a permanent location)

• Objet: site to receive HSW in an environmentally sound manner

• 4 cells (option for a 5th).

• Horizon 4 - 7 years

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• Sludge cells (2)– Gas extraction, wet scrubbing.

– Oxidation with sodium hypochlorite

• Other waste cells (2)– Pasive venting.

• Leachate treatment - physicochemical or biological

• Focus on tannery waste representing 2 / 3 of all HSW

Industry disposal site for hazardous wasteIndustry Chamber (CIU) (2)

• General municipal Law (1935) – municipal responsibility over urban cleaning and urban solid waste

• Constitution, article 47– It declares the environmental protection as of “general

interest”.– Every physical or legal person has the obligation not to

affect seriously the environment

• Law Nº 16.112 (1990) – creation of the Ministry of Housing, Territory and Environment

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Environmental legal framework(1)

• Law 16.221 (1991) – Basel Convention

• Law 17.220 (1999) – it bans the introduction of hazardous waste

• Law 17.283 (2000) – Environment General Protection Law– It declares of general interest the reduction and sound

management of chemicals and waste of any kind.– Art. 20 – Chemicals– Art. 21 – Waste

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• Law 17.296 (2001) – Art 401 – Montreal Protocol– Art 402 - municipal and MVOTMA responsibilities

for the localization of treatment plants and final disposition sites for urban and industrial waste

• Law 17.593 (2002) – – Rotterdam Convention

• Law 17.732 (2003) – – Stockholm Convention


• Decree 135/999 modified 586/009 – Medical waste– Health Ministry: responsible for the waste management

inside the medical institutions– Environment Ministry: outside the medical institutions

• Law Nº 16.466 (1994) – Environmental Impact Law

• Decree 349/005 – Environment impact an environmental authorizations


• Decree 560/003 – transport of hazardous substances

• Decree 307/008 – minimal requirements for health protection of workers from chemical risks.

• Law 18.308 – Land Planning and Sustainable Development

• Agriculture Ministry Resolution (MGAP 1988) – prohibition of registry and commerce of mercury products in agriculture

Environmental legal framework (5)

• The national legislation is emerging and heterogeneous• There are regulatory gaps and difficulties on definition

and scope • Lifecycle of the CS not considered• Management of general information (registration and

availability) not considered• There aren’t economic instruments for environmentally

sound management

Cousillas, M. Presentation, National Workshop on Chemicals Management, UNEP Network -UNEP-DINAMA, December 2010

Environmental legal frameworkPartial (6)

• Not legal but widely used as a guide.• It establishes standards for the integrated management

of industrial solid waste, agribusiness and services.• It defines criteria for acceptance of waste at a disposal

site– Depending on a basic characterization of the waste

– Liquid, explosive, corrosive, oxidizing or flammable waste are not allowed

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Environmental legal framework Waste Technical Proposal

• Requirements for acceptance in a security cell:– Category I (medium and high risk)

• Considering the Hg as toxic, > 3% m / m

– Have shown that there is no viable technology for recovery, recycling or treatment.

– <80% moisture,

– No free liquids

– Leaching test according to PTR• In the case of Hg 5mg / l

Environmental legal framework Waste Technical Proposal

If the waste does not meet the admission requirements for disposal, DINAMA may authorize, as an exception and as a transitional measure, provided that the following conditions are accomplished:

• It has been technically demonstrated by the generator that is not possible to stabilize or treat the residue to meet established criteria.

• It has been demonstrated that there’s no viable alternative technologies to make treat and / or recover the mercury.

• It has been considered whether the cell has sufficient guarantees to accept the entry of the waste

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Industrial waste: strategie?

• Present waste– Incluir en la evaluación la posibilidad de tratamiento

conjunto con los residuos de productos– Define the treatment requirements for entry into a security

cell

– Evaluate costs

– Take advantage of the opportunity window for the between now and the technology conversion of the chlor-alkali plant. Promote it?

– Consider the whole pack of residues

• Future desmantling of the chlor-alkali plant– Definir necesidad de requisitos de tratamiento y

disposición de equipos e inmuebles– Definir destino del mercurio metálico resultante del

desmantelamiento, en función del desarrollo de las negociaciones sobre mercurio

– Define the need and requirements for treatment and disposal for equipment and buildings contaminated with mercury

– Define the destination of metallic mercury arising from decommissioning, depending on the progress of negotiations on mercury

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Many thanks

Beatriz [email protected]

[email protected]

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