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Ali Ipakchi VP, Smart Grid and Green Power February 21, 2013 Distributed Energy Resource Services and Pricing Caltech Resnick Ins;tute Grid 2020 Seminar
Ali Ipakchi VP, Smart Grid and Green Power February 21, 2013
Distributed Energy Resource Services and Pricing Caltech Resnick Ins;tute Grid 2020 Seminar
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Trade Secret This document and attachments contain confidential and proprietary information of Open Access Technology International, Inc. This information is not to be used, disseminated, distributed, or otherwise transferred without the expressed written permission of Open Access Technology International, Inc.
Proprietary Notice All OATI products and services listed are trademarks and service marks of Open Access Technology International, Inc. All rights reserved.
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WECC Genera;on Addi;ons and Re;rements 2010-‐2020
Source: 2011 WECC 10–Year Regional Transmission Plan - Executive Summary - Sept. 22, 2011
AZ: 15% by 2025
CA: 33% by 2020
NV: 25% by 2025
CO: 30% by 2020
MT: 15% by 2015
WA: 15% by 2020
OR: 25% by 2025
NM: 20% by 2020
UT: 20% by 2025
Wind Gas
Solar Hydro
Geothermal Coal
Other
WECC Genera;on Capacity Addi;ons By Resource Type 2010-‐2020
0 5,000 10,000 15,000
Capacity (MW)
17% Renewables
25% Conven;onal Hydro
17% Renewables
Nuclear 8%
Combined Cycle 16%
Other Cogenera;on
Combus;on Turbine
WECC 2020 Annual Energy Genera;on Type
29% Steam -‐ Coal
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A Sample CAISO Winter Day in 2020
Source: CA ISO
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Flexible Resources will be Essential to Meeting the Net Load Demand Curve
• Flexible Generation • Demand Response (DR), Storage (electric & thermal),
Distributed Generation • Flexible Ramp-Up and Flexible Ramp-Down Products/Markets
Source: CA ISO
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Two-Way SecureCommunications Network
AMISolar PV
Demand Response
ThermalStorage
PEV
Distributed ResourceManagement
Variable GenerationManagement
MerchantOperations
GridOperations
Balancing Authority / ISO
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
0:00
2:20
4:40
7:00
9:20
11:40
14:00
16:20
18:40
21:00
23:20 1:40
4:00
6:20
8:40
11:00
13:20
15:40
18:00
20:20
22:40 1:00
3:20
5:40
8:00
10:20
12:40
15:00
17:20
19:40
22:00 0:20
2:40
5:00
7:20
9:40
12:00
14:20
16:40
19:00
21:20
23:40 2:00
4:20
6:40
9:00
11:20
13:40
16:00
18:20
20:40
23:00 1:20
3:40
6:00
8:20
10:40
13:00
15:20
17:40
20:00
22:20 0:40
3:00
5:20
7:40
10:00
12:20
14:40
17:00
Wind
• Under Generation Demand Response
• Over Generation Storage (Thermal & Electrical)
• Time Variability “Fast” DR/DER (Balancing Energy)
DR/DER: “Dancing Partner” of VER
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A Typical Distribution Feeder
Proprietary and confidenAal. Do not copy or distribute without permission from OATI -‐ © OPEN ACCESS TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, INC.
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Distribution Grid with High Penetration Solar PV
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Impact of PV Generation on Load and Voltage
-‐
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
0:00
1:25
2:50
4:15
5:40
7:05
8:30
9:55
11:20
12:45
14:10
15:35
17:00
18:25
19:50
21:15
22:40
kW
Time
Sunny DayLoad PV kW Sunny Net Load Sunny
0.880 0.900 0.920 0.940 0.960 0.980 1.000 1.020 1.040 1.060
0:00
1:20
2:40
4:00
5:20
6:40
8:00
9:20
10:40
12:00
13:20
14:40
16:00
17:20
18:40
20:00
21:20
22:40
0:00
Volta
ge (p
u)
Time
Volt No PV Volt Sunny
-‐
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
0:00
1:20
2:40
4:00
5:20
6:40
8:00
9:20
10:40
12:00
13:20
14:40
16:00
17:20
18:40
20:00
21:20
22:40
0:00
kWTime
Cloudy DayLoad PV kW Cloudy Net Load Cloudy
0.880 0.900 0.920 0.940 0.960 0.980 1.000 1.020 1.040 1.060
0:00
1:15
2:30
3:45
5:00
6:15
7:30
8:45
10:00
11:15
12:30
13:45
15:00
16:15
17:30
18:45
20:00
21:15
22:30
23:45
Volta
ge (p
u)
Time
Volt No PV Volt Cloudy
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Impact of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV): Another Potential for Distribution “Congestion”
Proprietary and confidenAal. Do not copy or distribute without permission from OATI -‐ © OPEN ACCESS TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Different distribuAon circuits may peak at different Times
ResidenAal
Commercial
Proprietary and confidential. Do not copy or distribute without permission from OATI. @2012 Open Access Technology International, Inc. 11
Solar PV with Coordinated Storage
Source: tenK Solar
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Technical Requirements for Electricity Products
Response Time / Notice
Baseline Estimation
TelemetryReal-‐Time Metering
Seasonal Yes No No
Day-‐Ahead Energy A day Yes No No
Real-‐Time Energy 1 hour Yes No No
Interruptible Load 10-‐30 minutes Maybe No Maybe
Reliability Capacity 30 minutes to 2 hrs Maybe Maybe No
30 minute Non-‐Spin 30 minutes No Maybe Maybe
10 minute Non-‐Spin 10 minutes No Yes Yes
10 minute Spin 10 minutes No Yes Yes
Regulation 4 sec to 5 min No Yes Yes
Ramping 5 minutes No ? Yes
Balancing Energy 5-‐15 Minites No ? YesNew
Product
Con
vent
iona
l
Ener
gyA
ncill
ary
Serv
ices
Capacity
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Firm Commit-‐ment
Noti-‐fication
Capacity Seasonal May Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Day Ahead Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Real-‐time Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
30 Min Non-‐Spin May Yes Yes Yes Yes
10 Min Non-‐Spin May Yes Yes Yes Yes
10 Min Spin Yes Yes Yes
Regulation May Yes May
Ramping May Yes May
Balancing Energy May Yes MayNew
Who
lesale Produ
cts
Demand ResoponseNon-‐Dispatchable
Voluntary Demand-‐limiting Control
Direct Load Control (DLC)
Notification
Energy
Ancillary Services
Dispatchable
Conservation Voltage
Regulation
Demand-Side Programs to Wholesale Products
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Price Predicament
Seasonal Cap- Zones
Day-Ahead Real-Time Locational
Day-Ahead Real-Time
Zonal
Day-Ahead Real-Time Zonal
Capacity Energy Reserves Regulation
+ Uplifts: • Delivery Services Charges
• Distribution Capacity Charges
• Power Quality Charges
• Loss Compensations
• Incentives & Penalties • Etc.
Fixed TOU CPP/ RTP Net- Feed-in Tired PTR Metering
Wholesale Market Prices
End-Use Consumers
Transmission
Sub-Transmission
DistributionSubstation
TransmissionSubstation
Distribution
Generation
Wholesale Prices
Retail Energy Rates
DR/DER Services
Wholesale Products
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Demand-Side (DR-DER) Integration - Price Signals
• Need for unbundling Price / Tariff Type Characteristics
Fixed / Tired TOU, CPP, PTR RTP Net Metering Feed-‐In Demand Demand Shape
Resouce Adequacy
DA/DO Energy
Balancing Energy
Ancillary Services
Ramping
Energy Usage Charges
Demand Charges
Supply of Gird Services (Payments/Credits)
-‐ Energy Usage -‐ Energy Efficiency -‐ Non-‐Dispatchable Resources
-‐ Dispatchable Services -‐ Pay-‐for-‐Performance -‐ Fixed Incentive / Contract-‐Based -‐ Distribution vs. Transmission Services -‐ Response Time / Sustained Duration -‐ Measurement & Verification, Settlement Rules
-‐ Scheduling & Facility Loading -‐ Operational Reliability
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Need for the End-to-End Integration Transactive Operations Across the Operations
Customer Services
Distribution Operation
Utility AMICommunications
AMI
DR-DER Management
Functions
SCADA / DMS
Power Marketing
CIS
Utility Owned Assets
Generation Transportation
Utility Provisioned HAN orCustomer Supplied HAN
MDMS
CommercialIndustrial ThermalStorage
Industrial Control Systems
GIS ForecastingSchedulingEnd-User Interfaces
Balancing Area Wholesale Markets
Forecasting SchedulingOptimization Settlements
Transmission Operation
EMSSCADA AGC Reserves
Management
Customer Portals
Mobile Access
Residential
+ -
ElectricStorage
Forecasting MarketClearing Settlements
AdequacyAssessment
System Security
SystemBalancing
Secure Broadband / CellularWide-Area Communications
Building Mgmt Systems
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