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Education Problems in Pakistan
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Introduction:
No country can survive smoothly in this Technology-driven World without
Education. Today, almost all the segments of the society (labor, businessmen,
employees etc) are accepting the importance of Education. However, Education
in Pakistanis always treated step-motherly by the every successive government.
Consequently, today, we are facing gloomy situation and have only 58 percent
literacy rate.
In terms of OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN, Pakistan is ranked 2nd in list of world, with 7
million children not attending primary school and 3 million who will never see the
inside of a classroom. We have prepared ten Education Policies, these were ofvery high-quality but none of them was implemented at full length. In result, this
department is worsened at that levels that MDG targets are beyond our limits and
we are ranked lowest in Human Development Index (HDI) and many other
Indexes. In 2005-06, the share of Education was about 2.5 percent in the GPD but
in 2010 it decreased to 1.6 percent. Where-as, many Educationalists are
suggesting 5 percent share in GDP. But, Education and literacy rates are not the
Issue of Finance. According to a recent report in Dawn newspaper, there are 26
countries poorer than Pakistan; however, their school sending ratio is higher than
Pakistan. On the other hand, there are some Researchers who say that, due to low
pay of teachers they are performing poorly, this is not true. Because, according to
a local survey, the government teachers are paid two-third more than their
counterparts of low cost Private School teachers (mostly in Rural Areas). But
according to my opinion, today the sorry state of Education in Pakistanis because
of Lack of Political Will, commitment and determination. By the grace of Almighty
Allah, we the people of Pakistan are more intelligent than any other nation of the
world. We have proved this in many international competitions. But, here the
talent is ruthlessly executed.
By law literacy department is the responsibility of State. There are so many
Problems of Education in Pakistan. Some of them are discussed here.
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Corruption in Education Department:
As of 2010, 24% of those surveyed reported that they themselves or a family
member received educational admission through non-normal. The countrys
biggest issue is presence of non uniform educational system. On one hand there
are institutions modeled on western educational system; this system is run by
private sector educational institutes that charge fees an ordinary citizen cannot
afford. So essentially these institutes are utilized by the elite class (Politicians,
Technocrats, Bureaucrats, Business class) .The same is also the reason for
deteriorating standards of Public Sector educational institutes. As the elite class
only enroll their children in private schools modeled on western institutes. Thenthere are public sector schools that face increasing challenges and due to
incompetence of consecutive Government shave only accelerated the rate of
their decline. Lack of funding, elite class non utilization, Poor Governance, under
qualified Faculty are some of the reasons for their falling standards. Corruption in
education sector is not a novice in Pakistan. Embezzlement of funds , Thousands of
ghost schools ( those that only exist in papers), taking bribe to sell confidential
material to candidates, Poor utilization of funds, Educational Ministry run by
illiterate politicians that lack vision for education.
Misconception of Purpose:
It is also a dreadful fact that todays young ones have changed their motives
pertaining to acquiring education. Actually, the education should be for the
purpose of getting education as it has been wisely said; but, we have changed
the slogan, education should be for the purpose of getting jobs. If, we keep on
remaining this theory in mind then we will be digressed from our way and
education will be out of our reach. By getting education man can come to know
the ways that how he could be able to lead his life in the best and a possible way.
Low share in the Budget:
Since its inception, Pakistan has remained a weak economy of the world for it has
got nothing in its just assets that were aggressively snatched by India. This let the
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newly born state deprived of riches and started the era of economical setbacks
that have yet been faced by Pakistan. The conflict between the two countries
over Kashmir issue has hardly allowed the government to consider and allocate
sufficient funds in budget for other sectors, the education is not an exception in
this regard. Still, only 2% of GDP is allocated for the welfare of education, which is
quite inappropriate to meet the demands of education. And it is worth to note
that this minute allocation of budget is too not spent for educational purposes, the
whole money is taken away by using unfair means by the concerned officials. All
these funds are not given through a proper channel so that a false audit report is
submitted that the utilization of funds has been spent on requisite purposes.
No merit system:
The United States has had an influx of foreign students since 2008. While the
percentage of these students has risen to high levels, the fact that most of these
students have passed through without even getting an education is unbelievable.
This sort of 'admission practice' is also happening in the United Kingdom and in
Australia as well. A lot of students from China, India, Thailand and Pakistan are
gaining university admission not because of their educational merit, but because
they have a large amount of money to hand over. Some US, UK, Australia,
International students from abroad are literally paying their way to good grades
instead of studying and learning to get them. The admission of these students like
this is an outrage and a manifest violation of merit and civilized norms. This is
especially true when this practice has affected the admissions of those local
students who want to join universities purely on educational merit.
Un-Employment:
Unemployment is on full swing throughout the country. Country has been facing
huge economical setbacks since its independence. The poor economy of the
country cannot meet at once the demand of employment of the countrymen at
once. On the one hand the disappointed youth, keeping their degrees in hand,
wander the whole day in search of job but No-Vacancy signboards inflate their
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disappointment on the other. This situation creates negative creation of thoughts
in their minds; concluding, they come out as dacoits to waylay and let their names
to been listed in criminal lists; and society faces much more troubles through this
kind of restlessness.
Copy Culture:
The education system has been demolishing and losing its values due to the Copy
Culture in Pakistan. Now the question rises why copying in exams has become our
culture? As far as I have observed the govt. is kind of responsible to it and the
examiners who has been acting very carelessly while checking the copies andissuing results. Furthermore, the books that are studied by students are written by
the best authors and are not so difficult to understand but despite of that students
are not able to appear successfully in final exams that is because teachers are not
concerned to make them a good learner student lack the ability of reading and
writing English language hence they think that it is the most toughest job to
memorize their subjects. Plagiarism has also become the part of our culture, which
has further damaged the educational system of Pakistan.
Irrelevant Induction of Staff:
It has been a dilemma of our educational system that it has embodied irrelevancy
in inducting its staff; broadly speaking, it has been generally observed that if a
person has some specialization in some particular subject but he seems to be
teaching something else. More openly, if someone has got his/her masters in
English Literature, he seems to be teaching Mathematics to his/her students. The
fact remains that students cannot learn firsthand and ground information
regarding their subjects. Nepotism is kept on priority while induction of staff, the
induction of staff on quota basis has made impotent the working format of the
educational system. Ministers choose their relatives for induction without thinking
that either they could serve better or will create complications for others.
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Un-Trained Faculties:
In Pakistan, the teachers are not well trained according to the latest education
and its requirements. As science is progressing day by day, the teachers of
Pakistan lacks behind educating themselves professional with the latest education
to keep them updated and also teach their students accordingly. This is because
Pakistan is technologically backward and has less educational resources.
Feudalists:
Feudalism and education are anathema, indeed, to each other. One derogates
the other. Different feudal dynasties control half a dozen political parties. Landlords and feudalists prefer illiterate people in their areas so that no one can get the
hold of the area which they rule.
Poverty in Pakistan:
Children living in absolute poverty cannot afford basic education. Students living
in poverty are forced to drop out half way into their elementary or middle
schooling, inability to pay fees and family responsibilities being two of the reasons.
It also works the other way round: lack of education is an important cause of
poverty in Pakistan, thus creating a most serious social issue we face today. Urgent
steps to remove poverty are called to resolve many other issues automatically.
Literacy Rate Pakistan (According to UNESCO Website till 2009):
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EFFORT DONE BY THE PRESENT GOVERNMNENT:
In the 18th Amendment, constitution of Pakistan 1973, Article 25-A, it is clearly
stated that, The State (Provinces) shall provide free and compulsory education to
all children of the age of five to sixteen years in such manner as may be
determined by Law. But, it always remained in documents and unknown fact of
the law. It was felt that the Education in Pakistan can be improved by
decentralization of powers among the Provinces. For this In 18th Amendment
Provinces are given following powers:
1. Curriculum2. Syllabus3. Standards of Education up to Grade 12 (F.Sc, H.S.C, I.Com, etc).4. Islamic Education
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If you are planning for a year, sow rice; if you are planning for a decade, plant
trees; if you are planning for a lifetime, educate people (Chinese Proverb)
Now table are turned and every common man and leaders know the importance
of Education. In this regard our present government, at the end of its tenure shows
some maturity. While addressing in Lahore, P.M Yusuf Raza Gillani announced 2011
as The Year of Education. This is the victory of Pakistan as today our leaders at
least understand the Importance of Education. This is not the end but it is the start
lets see what is happening.
A man who has never gone to school may steal from a freight car; but if he has a
university education he may steal the whole railroad
(Theodore Roosevelt -1858-1919- American president)
The present government wants to increase the literacy rate of country. For this
reasons many steps are been taken like in accordance of the implementation of
18th amendment, article 25, the re-appointment of Prof Anita Ghulam Ali as
managing director of the Sindh Education Foundation (SEF) has provided
educational services to more than 200,000 children in far-flung marginalized areas
of Sindh but SEF also became one of the most trusted agencies for implementing
international donor-funded projects and schemes in Sindh. And similarly in other
provinces some major steps have now taken to improve educational structure of
the country. Furthermore the government of Punjab has also introduced non-
formal education in Punjab which is a good step in the development of education
in Pakistan.
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STEPS NOT TAKEN YET:
Eradication of feudal system in order to promote education in rural as wellas urban areas.
Political interference should have to be neglected for improvement ofeducational system of the country.
Admissions to be given on merit which will result in coming forward the realtalent of students.
Teacher training programs to be organized in order to update and educatethe teachers the way to teach.
Education to be provided the most budget in next GDP.
The coming year should be the fiscal year for education in the history ofPakistan.
Infrastructure of government schools should be improved in order to inspirethe youth to get education.
Further so many steps need to be taken on permanent basis in order to improve
the educational structure of our country and to increase the literacy rate.
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PRACTICAL SOLUTION:
Every one of us takes things differently, so there is a room for different suggestions.
All of us should aim at to abreast and pace ahead to take the task of improving
the educational system in a systematic way by implementing different programs
commencing from grass root levels. Awareness should be created amongst un-
aware fellows, the importance of education must be expounded in real terms but
in an easy way, different literacy programs should be commenced throughout the
country in order to provide assistance pertaining to the removal of the
impediments faced by the uneducated ones. Government should take an active
eye and spend much more money for the improvement of primary, secondaryand higher education. More schools, colleges and universities, medical and
engineering colleges are needed to be opened. Special attention must be paid
on the development of scientific and technical education so that the settled
trend of people in getting academic education may be diverted to getting
technical education. Subject relevancy must be kept in mind while induction of
staff for the concerned posts. Politics must be eliminated from education
department. Students should pay attention much more on their studies rather than
chalking walls in propagation of different political leaders who have been playing
filthy games with the poor to obtain their nefarious purposes. By carrying out their
orders the poor people are just wasting their time; it is also a fact that nothing can
be got by nefarious means. Therefore, honesty of purpose and quality in work
should be our motives. Every one of us (parents, students, teachers and the
supreme government) should root out the copy culture from top to bottom from
educational system that has been eating away the fresh brains of our youth for
the times unknown. The education must be got for the purpose of getting
education not for getting jobs. Text books must be updated with current topics
and rapidly changing of the scenario of the world must be included in the textual
books. Estimating the value of education, the Government should take solid steps
on this issue. Implementation, instead of projecting policies, should be focused on.
Allocation of funds should be made easy from provinces to districts and then to
educational institutes. Workshops must be arranged for teachers. Foreign states
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are using LSS system. This should be inducted in Pakistani schools to improve the
hidden qualities of children. Technical education must be given to all the classes.
The education board of Punjab has projected a plan to give tech- education to
the children of industrial workers. Promotion of the primary education is the need
of time. Teachers, professors and educationists should be consulted while devising
any plan, syllabus or policy. The state seems to give up her responsibility and totally
relying on private sector. The need of time is to bring education in its original form
to masses. Burdening students with so many books will not work as he will not
understand what the world is going to do next moment. Education is the only cure
of the disability in the state and can bring revolution through evolution, byeradicating the social evils. This is how to remove illiteracy in Pakistan.
As an Individual:
I will try to inspire the new generation to take education as it is necessary forevery male and female.
I myself will try to help the educational institutions to upgrade themselves willevery necessary resources.
I will try to collect fund from local peoples for the privileged class to geteducation and make the future bright.
Also I will help financially with the donation I collected from commonpeoples for the infrastructure of educational institutions.
At last I will try to convince the government of their promises regarding thebetterment of education.
As a Student:
We should help different organizations by spending time teaching students. We should develop some unique software that will left good impact on the
world and they will invest in educational sector in Pakistan.
As a student, we should try to inspire the youth to take education as it isimportant for every male and female.
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And also we should take active part in arranging teachers trainingprograms and will also organize such programs and seminars to motivate
youth and educate teachers with the upcoming challenges.
We should try to improve the rate of education in both males and femalesof country.
These suggestions are not enough; there is a room for suggestions as already has
been mentioned. In the last but not the least, let us work together for bringing
revolutionary changes for the effective function of educational system in the
country. May Allah Almighty bless us with the will and vision to overcome all thehurdles in our way towards the prosper and peaceful Pakistan.
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References
1. http://finance.gov.pk/survey/chapter_10/10_Education.pdf 2. "Ministry of Education, Pakistan".3. Peter Blood, ed. (1994)."Pakistan - EDUCATION".Pakistan: A Country Study.
GPO for the Library of Congress. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
4. http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/fbs/statistics/pslm_prov2006-07/2.14a.pdf5. http://www.unesco.org/education/GMR2006/full/chapt7_eng.pdf - Figure
7.7:
6. http://fata.gov.pk/files/MICS.pdf7. http://www.scribd.com/doc/25054277/Variety-in-Pronunciation-in-Pakistan-
The-Primal-Cause-of-Confusion-in-Comprehension-for-the-Listeners
8. http://www.docstoc.com/docs/17199577/Introduction-to-Pakistan9. http://www.dawn.com/2011/02/28/towards-e-learning.html10.http://ilm.com.pk/pakistan/pakistan-information/pakistan-literacy-rate/11.UNESCO Institute for Statistics."Adjusted net enrolment ratio in primary
education". UNESCO. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
12.Rasool Memon, Ghulam (2007)."Education in Pakistan: The Key Issues,Problems and The New Challenges".Journal of Management and Social
Sciences3 (1): 4755. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
13.http://www.uis.unesco.org/template/pdf/ged/2009/GED_2009_EN.pdf 14.http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-
library/dawn/news/pakistan/13+cabinet+approves+education+policy+2009
-za-08
15.Khan, Tasnim; Khan, Rana Ejaz Ali (2004)."Gender Disparity in Education -Extents, Trends and Factors"(pdf). Journal of Research (Faculty of
Languages & Islamic Studies). Retrieved 2009-03-
16.http://www.ilmkidunya.com/student_articles/article_details.aspx?article_id=719
17.http://www.indexmundi.com/pakistan/school_life_expectancy_(primary_to_tertiary_education).html
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Further reading
K.K. Aziz. (2004) The Murder of History : A Critique of History Textbooks used inPakistan. Vanguard.ISBN 969-402-126-X
Nayyar, A. H.& Salim, Ahmad. (2003) The Subtle Subversion: The State ofCurricula and Text-books in Pakistan - Urdu, English, Social Studies and
Civics. Sustainable Development Policy Institute.The Subtle Subversion
Rubina Saigol. Knowledge and Identity - Articulation of Gender in EducationalDiscourse in Pakistan, ASR, Lahore 1995
Tariq Rahman,Denizens of Alien Worlds: A Study of Education, Inequality andPolarization in Pakistan Karachi, Oxford University Press, 2004. Reprint. 2006.
Tariq Rahman, Language, Ideology and Power: Language learning among theMuslims of Pakistan and North India Karachi, Oxford UP, 2002.
Tariq Rahman, Language and Politics in Pakistan Karachi: Oxford UP, 1996.Rept. several times. see 2006 edition. World Bank Case Study on Primary Education in Pakistan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/969402126Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/969402126Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/969402126Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Hameed_Nayyarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Hameed_Nayyarhttp://www.sdpi.org/whats_new/reporton/State%20of%20Curr&TextBooks.pdfhttp://www.sdpi.org/whats_new/reporton/State%20of%20Curr&TextBooks.pdfhttp://www.sdpi.org/whats_new/reporton/State%20of%20Curr&TextBooks.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariq_Rahmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariq_Rahmanhttp://www.worldbank.org/oed/education/pakistan.htmlhttp://www.worldbank.org/oed/education/pakistan.htmlhttp://www.worldbank.org/oed/education/pakistan.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariq_Rahmanhttp://www.sdpi.org/whats_new/reporton/State%20of%20Curr&TextBooks.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Hameed_Nayyarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/969402126X