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Introduction to UMLIntroduction to UML

Majid Ali KhanMajid Ali Khan

Spring 2005Spring 2005

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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Slides material are taken fromSlides material are taken fromdierent sources including!dierent sources including! "rashanth Aedunuthula UML"rashanth Aedunuthula UML

presentation# $all 200%presentation# $all 200% Lecture slides from Software &ngineeringLecture slides from Software &ngineering

course at U' (erkele) *"rofessor +eculacourse at U' (erkele) *"rofessor +ecula

, $all 200%-, $all 200%- Lecture slides from a course on we. at!Lecture slides from a course on we. at!

www/sts/tuhar.urg/de1 teaching1wswww/sts/tuhar.urg/de1 teaching1ws3/144A6170UML/pdf3/144A6170UML/pdf

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48er8iew48er8iew

9hat is Modeling:9hat is Modeling:

9hat is UML:9hat is UML:

A .rief histor) of UMLA .rief histor) of UML Understanding the .asics of UMLUnderstanding the .asics of UML

UML diagramsUML diagrams

UML Modeling toolsUML Modeling tools

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ModelingModeling

6escri.ing a s)stem at a high le8el of6escri.ing a s)stem at a high le8el of

a.stractiona.straction A model of the s)stemA model of the s)stem Used for re;uirements and speci

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4.ject 4riented Modeling4.ject 4riented Modeling

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9hat is UML:9hat is UML:

UML stands for Unified Modeling LanguageUML stands for Unified Modeling Language

It is a industry-standard graphical language forIt is a industry-standard graphical language for

specifying, visualizing, constructing, andspecifying, visualizing, constructing, anddocumenting the artifacts of software systemsdocumenting the artifacts of software systems

The UML uses mostly graphical notations toThe UML uses mostly graphical notations toepress the !! analysis and design of softwareepress the !! analysis and design of softwarepro"ects#pro"ects#

$implifies the comple process of software design$implifies the comple process of software design

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9h) UML for Modeling9h) UML for Modeling

Use graphical notation to communicate moreUse graphical notation to communicate more

clearl) than natural language *imprecise- andclearl) than natural language *imprecise- and

code*too detailed-/code*too detailed-/

=elp ac;uire an o8erall 8iew of a s)stem/=elp ac;uire an o8erall 8iew of a s)stem/

UML isUML is notnot dependent on an) one language ordependent on an) one language or

technolog)/technolog)/

UML mo8es us from fragmentationUML mo8es us from fragmentationtoto

standardi>ationstandardi>ation..

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=istor) of UML=istor) of UML

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Types of UML %iagramsTypes of UML %iagrams

Use Case DiagramUse Case Diagram

Class DiagramClass Diagram

Sequence DiagramSequence Diagram

Collaboration DiagramCollaboration Diagram

State DiagramState Diagram

This is only a su&set of diagrams ' &ut are mostThis is only a su&set of diagrams ' &ut are mostwidely usedwidely used

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Use 'ase 6iagramUse 'ase 6iagram

Used for descri.ing a set of user

scenarios

Mainl) used for capturing userre;uirements

9ork like a contract.etween end

user and software de8elopers

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Use Case Diagram (core components)

Actors: A role that a user plays with respect to the system,includinghuman users and other systems. e.g.,inanimate physical objects (e.g. robot);

an external system that needs some information from the current system.

Use case:A set of scenarios that describing an interaction between a userand a system, including alternatives#

System boundary: rectangle diagram representing the boundarybetween the actors and the system.

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Use Case Diagram(core relationship)

Association: communication between an actor and

a use case; epresented by a solid line.

!enerali"ation: relationship between one general

use case and a special use case (used for defining

special alternatives)

epresented by a line with a triangular arrow headtoward the parent use case.

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Use Case Diagram(core relationship)

#xtend: a dotted line labeled $$extend%% with an arrowtoward the base case.&he extending use case may add behavior tothe base use case. &he base class declares 'extension points.

$$extend%%

nclude: a dotted line labeled $$include%% beginning at baseuse case and ending with an arrows pointing to the include

use case. &he include relationship occurs when a chun* of

behavior is similar across more than one use case. +se

'include in stead of copying the description of that behavior.

$$include%%

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Use Case DiagramsUse Case Diagrams

Li&rary $ystem

(orrow

!rder Title

)ine *emittance

+lient mployee

$upervisor

A generali"ed description of how a system will be used.

-rovides an overview of the intended functionality of the system

Boundary

ActorUse Case

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Use Case DiagramsUse Case Diagrams(cont.)(cont.)

(TogetherSoft, Inc)

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Use Case DiagramsUse Case Diagrams(cont.)(cont.)

Pay Billis a parent use case and Bill Insuranceis the

child use case. (generali"ation)

oth Make Appointmentand Request Medication

include Check Patient Recordas a subtas*.(include)

&he extension point is written inside the base case

Pay bill; the extending class e!er paymentadds thebehavior of this extension point. (extend)

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'lass diagram'lass diagram

Used for descri.ingUsed for descri.ing structure andstructure and.eha8ior.eha8iorin the use casesin the use cases

"ro8ide a conceptual model of the"ro8ide a conceptual model of thes)stem in terms of entities and theirs)stem in terms of entities and theirrelationshipsrelationships

Used for re;uirement capture# enduserUsed for re;uirement capture# enduser

interactioninteraction 6etailed class diagrams are used for6etailed class diagrams are used for

de8elopersde8elopers

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'lass representation'lass representation

&ach class is represented .) a rectangle su.di8ided into&ach class is represented .) a rectangle su.di8ided intothree compartmentsthree compartments +ame+ame Attri.utesAttri.utes 4perations4perations

Modi

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An example of ClassAn example of Class

ccount./ame

- +ustomer./ame- (alance

0add)unds1 2

0with%raw1 2

0transfer1 2

/ame

ttri&utes

!perations

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// elationships

Bhere are two kinds of CelationshipsBhere are two kinds of Celationships Denerali>ation *parentchild relationship-Denerali>ation *parentchild relationship-

Association *student enrolls in course-Association *student enrolls in course-

Associations can .e further classi

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0ubtype1

0upertype

0ubtype2

// elationships:"enerali#ation

3 !enerali"ation expresses a

parent4child relationship among related

classes.

3 +sed for abstracting details in several

layers

egular

5ustomer

6oyalty

5ustomer

5ustomer#xample:

egular

5ustomer

6oyalty

5ustomer

5ustomeror:

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Cepresent relationship .etweenCepresent relationship .etweeninstances of classesinstances of classes Student enrolls in a courseStudent enrolls in a course

'ourses ha8e students'ourses ha8e students

'ourses ha8e eEams'ourses ha8e eEams

&tc/&tc/

Association has two endsAssociation has two ends Cole names *e/g/ enrolls-Cole names *e/g/ enrolls- Multiplicit) *e/g/ 4ne course can ha8e man)Multiplicit) *e/g/ 4ne course can ha8e man)

students-students-

+a8iga.ilit) *unidirectional# .idirectional-+a8iga.ilit) *unidirectional# .idirectional-

// elationships: Association

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Association! Multiplicit) and ColesAssociation! Multiplicit) and Coles

University 3erson

4

5##4

6

6

Multiplicity

$ym&ol Meaning

4 !ne and only one

5##4 7ero or one

M##/ )rom M to / 1natural language2

6 )rom zero to any positive integer

5##6 )rom zero to any positive integer

4##6 )rom one to any positive integer

teacheremployer

Role

Role

A given university groups many people;

some act as students, others as teachers.

A given student belongs to a single

university; a given teacher may or may not

be working or the university at a particular

time.!

student

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Class DiagramClass Diagram

!rder

-date*eceived

-is3repaid

-num&er 8$tring-price 8 Money

0dispatch12

0close12

+ustomer

-name

-address

0credit*ating12 8 $tring12

+orporate +ustomer

-contact/ame

-credit*ating

-creditLimit

0remind12

0&ill)orMonth1Integer2

3ersonal +ustomer

-credit+ard9

!rderLine

-:uantity8 Integer

-price8 Money

-is$atisfied8 (oolean

3roduct6 4

4

6mployee

6

;if !rder#customer#credit*ating is

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Association! Model to ImplementationAssociation! Model to Implementation

'lass Student F'lass Student F

'ourse enrollsG%H'ourse enrollsG%H

JJ

'lass 'ourse F'lass 'ourse F

Student ha8eGHStudent ha8eGH

JJ

Student 'ourseenrollshas

%

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// elationships:Composition

Class $

ClassP% ClassP&

Composition: expresses a relationship amon' instances

o! related classes( It is a speci!ic kind o! $hole)Part

relationship(

It expresses a relationship *here an instance o! the

$hole)class has the responsibility to create and initiali#e

instanceso! each Part)class(

It may also be used to express a relationship *here instances

o! the Part)classes ha+e pri+ile'ed access or +isibilityto

certain attributes and,or beha+iors de!ined by the$hole)class(

Composition should also be used to express relationship *here

instances o! the $hole)class ha+e exclusi+e access to and

control o! instances o! the Part)classes(

Composition should be used to express a relationship *here

the beha+ior o! Part instances is unde!ined *ithout bein'

related to an instance o! the $hole( And- con+ersely- the

beha+ior o! the $hole is ill)de!ined or incomplete i! one or

more o! the Part instances are unde!ined(

$hole Class

Part Classes

Automobile

.n'ine /ransmission

.xample

rom ?r.?avid A. @or*man=

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// elationships: A''re'ation

ClassC

Class .% Class .&

A""R."A/I01

A''re'ation: expresses a relationship amon' instanceso! related classes( It is a speci!ic kind o! Container)

Containee

relationship(

It expresses a relationship *here an instance o! the

Container)class has the responsibility to hold and

maintaininstanceso! each Containee)class that ha+e been created

outside the auspices o! the Container)class(

A''re'ation should be used to express a more in!ormal

relationship than composition expresses( /hat is- it is an

appropriate relationship *here the Container and its

Containeescan be manipulated independently(

A''re'ation is appropriate *hen Container and

Containeesha+e no special access pri+ile'es to each other(

Container Class

Containee Classes

Ba'

Apples Milk

.xample

rom ?r.?avid A. @or*man=

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Aggregation vs. CompositionAggregation vs. Composition

CompositionCompositionis really a strong form of a''re'ationcomponents have only one ownercomponents cannot exist independent of their owner

components live or die with their ownere.g. #ach car has an engine that can not be shared with

other cars.

A''re'ationsmay form part of the aggregate, but may not

be essential to it. &hey may also exist independent of the

aggregate.

e.g. Apples may exist independent of the bag.

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Class

eservations

Responsibility

Beep list of reserved titles

Candle reservation

Collaborators

5atalog

+ser session

Good Practice: CRC CardGood Practice: CRC Card

enefits: t is easy to describe how classes wor* by moving

cards around; allows to Duic*ly consider alternatives.

(5lass esponsibility 5ollaborator)

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Se;uence 6iagram*make a phone call-Se;uence 6iagram*make a phone call-

+aller 3hone *ecipient

3ic>s up

%ial tone

%ial

*ing notification *ing

3ic>s up

?ello

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Se;uence 6iagram!4.ject interactionSe;uence 6iagram!4.ject interaction

Self-CallSelf-Call: A message that an

/bject sends to itself.

Condition: indicates when a

message is sent. &he message is

sent only if the condition is true.

teration

5ondition

(

$ynchronous

synchronous

Transmission

delayed

$elf-+all

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Se;uence 6iagrams , 4.ject Life SpansSe;uence 6iagrams , 4.ject Life Spans

'reation'reation

'reate message'reate message

4.ject life starts at that point4.ject life starts at that point

Acti8ationActi8ation

S)m.oli>ed .) rectangularS)m.oli>ed .) rectangular

stripesstripes

"lace on the lifeline where"lace on the lifeline where

o.ject is acti8ated/o.ject is acti8ated/

Cectangle also denotes whenCectangle also denotes when

o.ject is deacti8ated/o.ject is deacti8ated/ 6eletion6eletion

"lacing an ?@ on lifeline"lacing an ?@ on lifeline

4.ject@s life ends at that point4.ject@s life ends at that point

Activation bar

A

B

+reate

?eletion

eturn

6ifeline

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Sequence DiagramSequence DiagramUser +atalog *eservations

48 loo> up 12

@8 title data 12

A8 Bnot availa&leC reserve title 12

D 8 title returned 12

E8 hold title 12

E 8 title availa&le 12

F 8 &orrow title 12

F 8 remove reservation 12

G$e:uence diagrams demonstrate the &ehavior of o&"ects in a use case

&y descri&ing the o&"ects and the messages they pass#

GThe horizontal dimension shows the o&"ects participating in the interaction#

GThe vertical arrangement of messages indicates their order#

GThe la&els may contain the se:# 9 to indicate concurrency#

essage

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Interaction %iagrams8 +olla&oration diagramsInteraction %iagrams8 +olla&oration diagrams

User

+atalog

*eservations

start

48 loo> up@8 title data

A 8 Bnot availa&leC reserve title

D 8 title returned

E 8 hold title

F 8 &orrow title

F8 remove reservation

E8 title availa&le

G$hows the relationship &etween o&"ects and the order of messages passed &etween them#

&etween them#GThe o&"ects are listed as rectangles and arrows indicate the messages &eing passedGThe num&ers net to the messages are called se:uence num&ers# They show the se:uence

of the messages as they are passed &etween the o&"ects#

Gconvey the same information as se:uence diagrams, &ut focus on o&"ect roles instead of the

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State DiagramsState Diagrams

((Billing Example)Billing Example)

0tate ?iagrams show the seDuences of states an object goes

through during its life cycle in response to stimuli, together

with its responses and actions; an abstraction of all possible

behaviors.

+npaid

0tart #nd

-aidnvoice created paying nvoice destroying

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State DiagramsState Diagrams*Brac light eEample-*Brac light eEample-

Hellow

*ed

reen

Traffic Light

$tate

Transition

#vent

0tart

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UM! Mo"eling #oolsUM! Mo"eling #ools

*ational *ose*ational *ose *www/rational/com- .) I(M *www/rational/com- .) I(M

Together$oft +ontrol +enter, (orlandTogether$oft +ontrol +enter, (orland

**http!11www/.orland/com1together1indeE/htmlhttp!11www/.orland/com1together1indeE/html --

ArgoUM!ArgoUM!11free softwarefree software2211http!11argouml/tigris/org1http!11argouml/tigris/org122 !pen$ourceJ!pen$ourceJ written in "avawritten in "ava

!thers!thers 1http8KKwww#o&"ects&ydesign#comKtoolsKumltools.&y+ompany#html 21http8KKwww#o&"ects&ydesign#comKtoolsKumltools.&y+ompany#html 2

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CeferenceCeference

N/N/ UML Distilled:UML Distilled: (rief uide to the $tandard !&"ect Modeling Language (rief uide to the $tandard !&"ect Modeling LanguageMartin )owler, endall $cottMartin )owler, endall $cott

@#@#IBM RationalIBM Rationalhttp://www-306.i!.co!/"oftware/rational/#!l/http://www-306.i!.co!/"oftware/rational/#!l/

A#A# $ractical %M& --- ' an"-*n Intro#ction for +eeloper"$ractical %M& --- ' an"-*n Intro#ction for +eeloper" http://www.together"oft.co!/"erice"/practicalg#ie"/#!lonlineco#r"e/http://www.together"oft.co!/"erice"/practicalg#ie"/#!lonlineco#r"e/

..Software ngineering $rinciple" an $ractice.Software ngineering $rinciple" an $ractice.Secon itionSecon itionan" an 1liet.an" an 1liet.

5/ http!11wwwinst/eecs/.erkele)/edu1OcsNP15/ http!11wwwinst/eecs/.erkele)/edu1OcsNP1