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Grammar

Learning

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Vocabulary

Presentation

HI, MY NAME IS PEDRO GONÇALVES AND I M 16 YEARS OLD. I LOVE DRAWING

BECAUSE I HAVE DONE IT SINCE I WAS YOUNG. I’M SCOUT AND I LOVE IT, BECAUSE I

LOVE NATURE. MY FAVORITE COLOR IS BLUE BECAUSE I LOVE THE SEA, THE SKY AND

BECAUSE I'M A FAN OF FUTEBOL CLUBE DO PORTO.

MY EXPECTATION FOR THIS YEAR IS THAT I WANT TO LEARN A LOT WITH THE

TEACHER, TO HELP MY FRIENDS - AND I HOPE THAT THEY WILL HELP ME TOO. LAST

YEAR WAS VERY DIFFICULT BECAUSE I DIDN'T PAY MUCH ATTENTION TO WHAT THE

TEACHER SAID. THIS YEAR - MAY BE BECAUSE IT IS THE LAST ONE - I M MORE

INTERESTED.

Grammar

ADJECTIVES One-syllable

Adjectives

ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE FORM SUPERLATIVE FORM

TALL TALLER TALLEST

OLD OLDER OLDEST

LONG LONGER LONGEST

• FORM THE COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF A ONE-SYLLABLE ADJECTIVE BY ADDING –ER FOR THE

COMPARATIVE FORM AND –EST FOR THE SUPERLATIVE.

EXAMPLES

MARY IS TALLER THAN MAX.

MARY IS THE TALLEST OF ALL STUDENTS

ADJECTIVES Two-syllable

Adjectives

• WITH MOST TWO-SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES, YOU THE COMPARATIVE WITH MORE AND THE SUPERLATIVE WITH MOST.

EXAMPLES

THIS MORNING IS MORE PEACEFUL THAN YESTERDAY MORNING.

MAX’S HOUSE IN THE MOUNTAIN IS THE MOST PEACEFUL IN THE WORLD

ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE FORM SUPERLATIVE FORM

PEACFUL MORE PEACEFUL MOST PEACEFUL

PLEASANT MORE PLEASANT MOST PLEASANT

THOUGHTFUL MORE THOUGHTFUL MOST THOUGHTFUL

Relative Pronouns

WHO SUJEITO, PESSOAS

SHE IS THE GIRL WHO TALKED WITH ME

WHICH SUJEITO, “COISAS”

THE HOUSE WHICH IS OVER THERE IS NICE

THAT SUJEITO, PESSOAS, “COISAS”

SHE IS THE GIRL (THAT) I MET IN A CHATROOM

WHOSE POSSE

THIS IS THE BOY, WHOSE FATHER IS MY FRIEND

WHEN TEMPO

WHEN I WAS A YOUNG BOY, I USED TO PLAY WITH MY FRIENDS

WHERE LUGAR

THIS IS THE HOUSE WHERE I LIVED.

Purpose Clauses

TO (PARA); IN ORDER TO (DE MODO A); SO AS TO (DE MODO A); SO THAT (PARA QUE)

AS CONJUNÇÕES TO, IN ORDER TO E SO AS TO SÃO USADAS COM O VERBO NO INFINITIVO.

EXAMPLE EVERYONE WAS PUSHING (IN ORDER TO/ SO AS TO) GET TO THE FRONT OF THE QUEUE.

A CONJUNÇÃO SO THAT É SEMPRE SEGUIDA DE UM MODAL VERB (CAN/ COULD; MAY/ MIGHT; WILL/ WOULD; MUST/

MUSTN’T; SHOULD) + INFINITIVE

Passive Voice

PASSIVE VOICE IS USED WHEN THE FOCUS IS ON THE

ACTION. IT IS NOT IMPORTANT OR NOT KNOWN,

HOWEVER, WHO OR WHAT IS PERFORMING THE

ACTION.

EXAMPLE : MY BIKE WAS STOLEN

IN THE EXAMPLE ABOVE, THE FOCUS IS ON FACT THAT

MY BIKE WAS STOLEN. I DO NOT KNOW, HOWEVER,

WHO DID IT? SOMETIMES A STATEMENT IN PASSIVE IS

MORE GRACIOUS THAN ACTIVE VOICE, AS THE

FOLLOWING EXAMPLE SHOWS:

EXAMPLE : A MISTAKE WAS MADE

IN THIS CASE, I FOCUS ON THE FACT THAT A MISTAKE

WAS MADE, BUT I DO NOT BLAME ANYONE, THAT’S

DIFERENT FROM “YOU HAVE A MISTAKE”.

Form of Passive

SUBJECT + FINITE FORM OF VERB TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE

EXAMPLE : A LETTER WAS WRITTEN

WHEN REWRITING ACTIVE SENTENCES IN IN PASSIVE VOICE, NOTE THE FOLLOWING:

• THE OBJECT OF ACTIVE SENTECE BECOMES THE SUBJECT OF PASSIVE SENTENCE.

• THE FINITE FROM OF THE VERB IS CHANGED (TO BE + PARTICIPLE)

• THE SUBJECT OF THE ACTIVE SENTENCE BECOMES THE OBJECT OF THE PASSIVE SENTENCE – OR IS DROPPED.

EXAMPLE : PEDRO WRITES A LETTER – ACTIVE VOICE

THE LETTER WAS WRITTEN BY PEDRO – PASSIVE VOICE

Vocabulary

Environment

FLOOD CHEIAS

DROUGHT SECAS

GLOBAL WARMING AQUECIMENTO GLOBAL

EATRHQUAKE TERRAMOTO

VOLCANO ERUPTION ERPUÇÃO VULCANICA

ICE MELTING DEGELO

OZONE LAYER CAMDA DE OZONO

HEAT WAVE ONDA DE CALOR

DEFORESTATION DESFLORESTAÇÃO

ACID RAIN CHUVAS ACÍDAS

DEATH OF CORAL REEFS MORTE DOS RECIFES DE

CORAL

SAND STORM TEMPESTADES DE AREIA

HURRICANE TORNADO

TSUNAMI TSUNAMI

Learning Journal

Learning Journal

T H I S S C H O O L Y E A R I H O P E M Y AT I T U D E S C H A N G E

F O R A N E W O N E , TO T U R N T H I S P O S S I B L E I H AV E

TO B E M O R E I N T E R E S T E D I N T H E C L A S S .

T H E L A S T Y E A R WA S V E R Y S A D B E C AU S E T H E M Y

H E A D WA S FA R WAY F R O M T H E C L A S S A N D I

L E A R N O F C O U R S E , B U T I WA S T V E R Y I M P O R TA N T

I N F O R M AT I O N T H AT TO D AY C O U L D B E

S I G N I F I C A N T.

I L I K E T H E WAY T H AT T H E T E A C H E R T E A C H U S –

M E – B E C AU S E YO U U S E T H E A C T UA L FA C T S O F

T H E W O R L D A N D U S E T H E M I N G R A M M AT I C

E X E R C I C E S

Learning Journal

I LOV E S I M U L AT I O N G A M ES . T H E R E ’ S A G A M E

W H E R E O U R H E A RT A L M O S T E X P LO D E , B EC AU S E

I T S E E M S V E RY R EA L I S T I C , T H E G A M E M I R R O R ' S

E D G E I S C O N S I D E R E D BY C R I T I C S A S O N E O F T H E

B E S T S I M U L AT I O N G A M E S E V E R .

I ' V E P L AY E D, A N D I S A U N I Q U E E X P E R I E N C E ,

F R E E D O M O F M O V E M E N T I T T R A N S M I T S .

T H E O N LY P O I N T T H AT I D O N OT L I K E T H E

FA C T T H AT T H E R E I S A 3 R D P E R S O N M O D E .

Learning Journal

Y E S T E R D AY, 1 0 T H D E C E M B E R O F 2 0 1 1 , T H E

S C O U T S W E N T TO E S T E FÂ N I C A’ S H O S P I TA L , V I S I T

T H E K I D S W H O A R E I L L . I T WA S A G R E AT

E X P E R I E N C E T H AT M A D E M E T H I N K A B O U T M Y

P R O B L E M S , I N S I G N I F I C A N T C O M PA R E D W I T H

T H E I R S . W E D E L I V E R E D G I F T S TO

T H E M , W H I C H W E R E V E R Y H A P P Y.

W H AT S C A R E D M E M O S T WA S TO S E E S E R I O U S LY

I L L C H I L D R E N , F O L LO W E D BY PA R E N T S W H O D O

N OT LO S E H O P E T H AT TO G E T H E R T H E Y C A N PA S S

A N C H R I S T M A S TO G E T H E R .