Feudalism, Religion, and the Crusades

Feudalism

• 476 AD- Fall of Roman Empire• Feudalism- mode of production-

everything produced on manor. Social structure that replaced Roman Empire. No social mobility except through church.

• Great Schism- split between Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches.

• Pilgrimage – Holy journey, religious significance

Christianity

• Jesus- Jew who preached that God made a covenant with people- live a moral life and participate in the sacraments

• Christian- believe in 1 God has 3 parts- father, son, holy spirit. Believe Jesus is son of God

• Jerusalem- Holy city of all three religions

Islam

• Allah- God

• Mosque- Muslim house of worship

• Islam- means peace that comes from submission to God

• Muslim- one who submits to God

• Mohammed- God’s final prophet- Gabriel spoke to him

Islam

• 5 Pillars of Islam-• 1. No God but God• 2. Pray 5 times a day• 3. Fast during Ramadan• 4. Alms giving• 5. Hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca• Caliph- successor to prophet- Sunni,

Shi’ite

Causes

• Religious- Pope wanted to reunite Christianity and reclaim Palestine. Crusaders assured a place in heaven

• Economic- younger sons looking for property. Merchants expanded trade. Looting. No social mobility

• Geography- location of Holy Land strategically important- control of Silk Road trade

Crusades

• Crusades- wars to recapture Holy Land. From the Latin word for “Cross”

• 1st Crusade- unorganized- captured Jerusalem in 1099

• 2nd- attempted to recapture Edessa- defeated 1187- Saladin recaptures Jerusalem

• 3rd- French, /German, English kings led Crusade. Philip went home. Fredrick drowned. Richard battled Saladin- truce 1192

Setting out for 2nd Crusade

Images of Saladin

Selling the Crusades

Richard I

Fredrick of Barbarossa

Philip III

Siege of Tripoli

Crusades

• 4th- Looted Constantinople- never made it to Holy Land

• Children’s Crusade- 30,000 unarmed children- many died from cold/starvation. Others drowned or were sold as slaves

Knights Templar

Effects

• Europeans acquired new tastes for Eastern products- increased trade

• Europeans were reintroduced to learning of ancient civilizations, paving the way for the Renaissance