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PROCEEDINGS OF THE

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

OF THE TJNITED STATES OF AMERICA

May26) 1998

Volume 95/ Number 11

INCLUDES: PAPERS FROM A NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES COLLOQUIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOMOLECULAR SCIENCE

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Officers of the Academy

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Editor-in-Chief NICHOLAS R. COZZARELLI

Editorial Board of the Proceedings

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THOMAS D. POLLARD

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CARLA J. SHATZ

KAI L. SIMONS CHRISTOPHER A. SIMS SOLOMON H. SNYDER

CHRISTOPHER R. SOMERVILLE

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Correspondence: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20418 USA (via U.S. postal service) or 1055 Thomas Jefferson Street, NW, Suite FO2013, Washington, DC 20007 USA (via courier or express mail). E-mail: PNAS@nas.edu. Information for Authors: See pp. xiv-xvi (of this issue) or http://www.pnas.org.

Copyright: Volumes 90-95, copyright ?) 1993-1998 by THE NATiONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

all rights reserved; Volumes 1-89, copyright as a collective work only [author(s) retains copyright to individual articles]. Requests for Permission: Address requests to reproduce material published in Volumes 1-89 to the original author(s); address other requests to the Permissions Office of the PROCEEDINGS, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20418 USA, FAX 202-625-4749. Please cite the exact material to be reprinted and state specifically where it will be used. Photocopies: The journal is registered with the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA, FAX 978-750-4470. Authorization to photocopy items for the internal or personal use of specific clients is granted by THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES provided that the copier pays to the Center the fee stated in the code on the first page of each article. Microforms: Contact University Microfilms Inc., P.O. Box 1346, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 USA. This journal is printed on acid-free paper effective with Volume 84, Issue 1. Subscriptions: Address subscription correspondence to the Circulation Office of the PROCEEDINGS, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20418 USA. Subscriptions are entered on a calendar-year basis only. The 1998 subscription rates for print only/online only/print plus online are as follows-in the U.S.: student, $90/$50/$110; postdoctoral, $125/$50/$150; personal, $165/$100/$195; institutional, $685/$615/$820-elsewhere (print by surface mail): student, $190/$50/$210; postdoctoral, $225/ $50/$250; personal, $265/$100/$295; institutional, $785/$615/$920-elsewhere by expedited delivery at a surcharge of $320. Air mail rates available on request. Exclusive Agent for Subscribers in Japan: USACO Corporation, 13-12, Shimbashi, 1-Chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105 Japan. Change ofAddress: Notify the Circulation Office 6 weeks in advance and list the old and new addresses. The Academy is not responsible for nonreceipt of issues because of an improper address, unless a change of address is on file. Claims: Requests for replacement copies will not be honored more than 60 days after the issue date for domestic subscribers and not more than 90 days after the issue date for foreign subscribers. Claims will not be honored for more than 2 issues per calendar year for the same subscriber. Single Copies: $30 per issue in the U.S., $40 elsewhere. Canadian GST: Registration Number R-133130880. Advertising: Contact FASEB AdNet, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814-3998 USA. Phone 800-43-FASEB x7103 or 301-530-7103, FAX 301-571-0683. Postmaster: Send address changes to PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20418 USA. Periodicals postage paid at Washington, DC, and additional mailing offices. PRINTED IN THE USA

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES is also available online at http://www.pnas.org. Cover photograph: Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in all organisms. The cover picture shows three-dimensional binding positions of the P-site tRNA and Elongation Factor G (EF-G) in the Escherichia coli 70S ribosome, as obtained by cryo-electron microscopy. The ribosome is presented in top-cut view, with the 30S subunit situated below the 50S subunit. The binding position of the tip of domain IV (yellow) of EF-G in the A-site region, as visualized by Agrawal and coworkers (see page 6134), implies that A-site tRNA is displaced into the P-site (forest green) position by domain IV of EF-G. The position of the P-site tRNA is obtained by the same group in a separate study [Malhotra et al. (1998) J. Mol. Biol., in press]. [Figure courtesy of Amy Heagle and Rajendra Agrawal, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York]

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PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

May 26, 1998 Volume 95, Number 11 pp. 5843-6570

Table of Contents

Commentaries

A new approach to fighting cancer? 5843-5844 Thomas N. Sato

Nucleic acid enzymes: Playing with a fuller deck 5845-5847 Gerald F. Joyce

Papers from a National Academy of Sciences Colloquium on Computational Biomolecular Science

Computational biomolecular science 5848 Peter G. Wolynes

Measuring genome evolution 5849-5856 Martijn A. Huynen and Peer Bork

SMART, a simple modular architecture research tool: 5857-5864 Identification of signaling domains

Jorg Schultz, Frank Milpetz, Peer Bork, and Chris P. Ponting

Highly specific protein sequence motifs for genome 5865-5871 analysis

Craig G. Nevill-Manning, Thomas D. Wu, and Douglas L. Brutlag

A statistical mechanical model for /3-hairpin kinetics 5872-5879 Victor Mufioz, Eric R. Henry, James Hofrichter, and William A. Eaton

Coupling the folding of homologous proteins 5880-5883 Chen Keasar, Dror Tobi, Ron Elber, and Jeff Skolnick

Photoactive yellow protein: A structural prototype for 5884-5890 the three-dimensional fold of the PAS domain superfamily

Jean-Luc Pellequer, Karen A. Wager-Smith, Steve A. Kay, and Elizabeth D. Getzoff

New methods of structure refinement for 5891-5898 macromolecular structure determination by NMR

G. Marius Clore and Angela M. Gronenborn

Estimation of evolutionary distances under stationary 5899-5905 and nonstationary models of nucleotide substitution

Xun Gu and Wen-Hsiung Li

Precise sequence complementarity between yeast 5906-5912 chromosome ends and two classes of just-subtelomeric sequences

Roy J. Britten

A unified statistical framework for sequence 5913-5920 comparison and structure comparison

Michael Levitt and Mark Gerstein

Folding funnels and frustration in off-lattice 5921-5928 minimalist protein landscapes

Hugh Nymeyer, Angel E. Garcia, and Jos6 Nelson Onuchic

iii

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Contents

Optimizing the stability of single-chain proteins by 5929-5934 linker length and composition mutagenesis

Clifford R. Robinson and Robert T. Sauer

Architecture and mechanism of the light-harvesting 5935-5941 apparatus of purple bacteria

Xiche Hu, Ana Damjanovi6, Thorsten Ritz, and Klaus Schulten

Electrostatic steering and ionic tethering in 5942-5949 enzyme-ligand binding: Insights from simulations

Rebecca C. Wade, Razif R. Gabdoulline, Susanna K. Ludemann, and Valere Lounnas

Computer simulations of enzyme catalysis: Finding 5950-5955 out what has been optimized by evolution

Arieh Warshel and Jan Florian

Inaugural Article

A lightweight universe? 5956-5959 Neta A. Bahcall and Xiaohui Fan

Physical Sciences

ASTRONOMY

A lightweight universe? 5956-5959 Neta A. Bahcall and Xiaohui Fan

CHEMISTRY

The vibrational energy flow transition in organic 5960-5964 molecules: Theory meets experiment

R. Bigwood, M. Gruebele, D. M. Leitner, and P. G. Wolynes

Intramolecular vibrational dephasing obeys a power 5965-5970 law at intermediate times

M. Gruebele

A bait and switch hapten strategy generates catalytic 5971-5975 antibodies for phosphodiester hydrolysis

Paul Wentworth, Jr., Yunqi Liu, Anita D. Wentworth, Ping Fan, Matthew J. Foley, and Kim D. Janda

Is polarization important in cation-n- interactions? 5976-5980 Elena Cubero, F. Javier Luque, and Modesto Orozco

Submillimolar levels of calcium regulates DNA 5981-5986 structure at the dinucleotide repeat (TG/AC)n

A. Dobi and D. v. Agoston

Biological Sciences

BIOCHEMISTRY

Submillimolar levels of calcium regulates DNA 5981-5986 structure at the dinucleotide repeat (TG/AC)n

A. Dobi and D. v. Agoston

Regulation of sterol regulatory element binding 5987-5992 proteins in livers of fasted and refed mice

Jay D. Horton, Yuriy Bashmakov, lichiro Shimomura, and Hitoshi Shimano

Two amino acid substitutions convert a guanylyl 5993-5997 cyclase, RetGC-1, into an adenylyl cyclase

Chandra L. Tucker, James H. Hurley, Taunya R. Miller, and James B. Hurley

Crystallographic comparison of the estrogen and 5998-6003 progesterone receptor's ligand binding domains

David M. Tanenbaum, Yong Wang, Shawn P. Williams, and Paul B. Sigler

Localization of the Wilson's disease protein product 6004-6009 to mitochondria

Svetlana Lutsenko and Matthew J. Cooper

A scrapie-like unfolding intermediate of the prion 6010-6014 protein domain PrP(121-231) induced by acidic pH

Simone Hornemann and Rudi Glockshuber

Selective activation of JNK1 is necessary for the 6015-6020 anti-apoptotic activity of hILP

M. Germana Sanna, Colin S. Duckett, Bettina W. M. Richter, Craig B. Thompson, and Richard J. Ulevitch

Mapping the (j70 subunit contact sites on Escherichia 6021-6026 coli RNA polymerase with a o-70-conjugated chemical protease

Jeffrey T. Owens, Reiko Miyake, Katsuhiko Murakami, Albert J. Chmura, Nobuyuki Fujita, Akira Ishihama, and Claude F. Meares

An amino acid as a cofactor for a 6027-6031 catalytic polynucleotide

Adam Roth and Ronald R. Breaker

The central structural feature of the membrane fusion 6032-6036 protein subunit from the Ebola virus glycoprotein is a long triple-stranded coiled coil

Winfried Weissenhorn, Lesley J. Calder, Stephen A. Wharton, John J. Skehel, and Don C. Wiley

Stepwise in vitro affinity maturation of Vitaxin, an 6037-6042 aoV33-specific humanized mAb

Herren Wu, Gregory Beuerlein, Ying Nie, Heidi Smith, Bruce A. Lee, Mary Hensler, William D. Huse, and Jeffry D. Watkins

Intranuclear diffusion and hybridization state of 6043-6048 oligonucleotides measured by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy in living cells

Joan C. Politz, Elizabeth S. Browne, David E. Wolf, and Thoru Pederson

DNA annealing by Rad52 Protein is stimulated by 6049-6054 specific interaction with the complex of replication protein A and single-stranded DNA

Tomohiko Sugiyama, James H. New, and Stephen C. Kowalczykowski

Nonneuronal isoforms of STOP protein are 6055-6060 responsible for microtubule cold stability in mammalian fibroblasts

Eric D en arier , Anne Fou rest -Lie uv in, Christop he Bosc, Fabienne Pirollet, Agnes Chapel, Robert L. Margolis, and Didier Job

iv

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Contents

Enhancing leptin response by preventing 6061-6066 SH2-containing phosphatase 2 interaction with Ob receptor

Laura Rocco Carpenter, Thomas J. Farruggella, Aviva Symes, Margaret L. Karow, George D. Yancopoulos, and Neil Stahl

Translation inhibitors stabilize Escherichia coli 6067-6072 mRNAs independently of ribosome protection

P. J. Lopez, I. Marchand, 0. Yarchuk, and M. Dreyfus

Assessing sequence comparison methods with reliable 6073-6078 structurally identified distant evolutionary relationships

Steven E. Brenner, Cyrus Chothia, and Tim J. P. Hubbard

Identification of an additional negative regulatory 6079-6084 region for p53 sequence-specific DNA binding

Beate F. Muller-Tiemann, Thanos D. Halazonetis, and James J. Elting

PU.1 as an essential activator for the expression of 6085-6090 gp91Phox gene in human peripheral neutrophils, monocytes, and B lymphocytes

Shoichi Suzuki, Atsushi Kumatori, Inez-Anne Haagen, Yoshito Fujii, Mohamed Anowar Sadat, Hao Li Jun, Yoshiro Tsuji, Dirk Roos, and Michio Nakamura

Structural basis for heterogeneous kinetics: 6091-6096 Reengineering the hairpin ribozyme

Jos6 A. Esteban, Nils G. Walter, Gerd Kotzorek, Joyce E. Heckman, and John M. Burke

Vitamin B2-based blue-light photoreceptors in the 6097-6102 retinohypothalamic tract as the photoactive pigments for setting the circadian clock in mammals

Yasuhide Miyamoto and Aziz Sancar

BIOPHYSICS

Free energy of burying hydrophobic residues in the 6103-6107 interface between protein subunits

Beatrice Vallone, Adriana E. Miele, Paola Vecchini, Emilia Chiancone, and Maurizio Brunori

Role of the J-domain in the cooperation of Hsp4O 6108-6113 with Hsp7O

Michael K. Greene, Karol Maskos, and Samuel J. Landry

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals a 6114-6117 rigid a-helical assembly for the tetrameric Streptomyces lividans K+ channel

Johannes le Coutre, H. Ronald Kaback, C. Kumar N. Patel, Lise Heginbotham, and Christopher Miller

Huntingtin aggregation monitored by dynamic 6118-6121 light scattering

Yannis Georgalis, B. B. Starikov, Birgit Hollenbach, Rudi Lurz, Eberhard Scherzinger, Wolfram Saenger, Hans Lehrach, and Erich B. Wanker

Sulfur K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy: A 6122-6127 spectroscopic tool to examine the redox state of S-containing metabolites in vivo

Annette Rompel, Roehl M. Cinco, Matthew J. Latimer, Ann E. McDermott, R. D. Guiles, Alexandre Quintanilha, Ronald M. Krauss, Kenneth Sauer, Vittal K. Yachandra, and Melvin P. Klein

The nature of the excited state of the reaction center 6128-6133 of photosystem II of green plants: A high-resolution fluorescence spectroscopy study

Erwin J. G. Peterman, Herbert van Amerongen, Rienk van Grondelle, and Jan P. Dekker

CELL BIOLOGY

Visualization of elongation factor G on the 6134-6138 Escherichia coli 70S ribosome: The mechanism of translocation

Rajendra K. Agrawal, Pawel Penczek, Robert A. Grassucci, and Joachim Frank

Differential expression of dystrophin isoforms and 6139-6144 utrophin during dibutyryl-cAMP-induced morphological differentiation of rat brain astrocytes

Michihiro Imamura and Eijiro Ozawa

In situ activation of the type 2 ryanodine receptor in 6145-6150 pancreatic beta cells requires cAMP- dependent phosphorylation

Md. Shahidul Islam, Ingo Leibiger, Barbara Leibiger, Daniela Rossi, Vincenzo Sorrentino, Tomas J. Ekstr6m, H'akan Westerblad, Francisco H. Andrade, and Per-Olof Berggren

A single receptor encoded by vzg-1/lpAl/edg-2 couples 6151-6156 to G proteins and mediates multiple cellular responses to lysophosphatidic acid

Nobuyuki Fukushima, Yuka Kimura, and Jerold Chun

Efficient construction of a large nonimmune phage 6157-6162 antibody library: The production of high-affinity human single-chain antibodies to protein antigens

Michael D. Sheets, Peter Amersdorfer, Ricarda Finnern, Peter Sargent, Ericka Lindqvist, Robert Schier, Grete Hemingsen, Cindy Wong, John C. Gerhart, and James D. Marks

p53-dependent and -independent responses to 6163-6168 cisplatin in mouse testicular teratocarcinoma cells

Deborah B. Zamble, Tyler Jacks, and Stephen J. Lippard

Tyrosine kinase-dependent activation of a chloride 6169-6174 channel in CD95-induced apoptosis in T lymphocytes

Ildik6 Szab6, Albrecht Lepple-Wienhues, Kristen N. Kaba, Mario Zoratti, Erich Gulbins, and Florian Lang

Transcytosis of ail-acidic glycoprotein in the 6175-6180 continuous microvascular endothelium

D. Predescu, S. Predescu, T. McQuistan, and G. B. Palade

v

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Contents

The interaction of Arp2/3 complex with actin: 6181-6186 Nucleation, high affinity pointed end capping, and formation of branching networks of filaments

R. Dyche Mullins, John A. Heuser, and Thomas D. Pollard

Hydrolysis of GTP on rabll is required for the direct 6187-6192 delivery of transferrin from the pericentriolar recycling compartment to the cell surface but not from sorting endosomes

Mindong Ren, Genxing Xu, Jianbo Zeng, Carmen De Lemos-Chiarandini, Milton Adesnik, and David D. Sabatini

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Inactivation of the mouse sperm receptor, mZP3, by 6193-6197 site-directed mutagenesis of individual serine residues located at the combining site for sperm

Jie Chen, Eveline S. Litscher, and Paul M. Wassarman

Expression of the mouse cerberus-related gene, Cerrl, 6198-6203 suggests a role in anterior neural induction and somitogenesis

William Shawlot, Jian Min Deng, and Richard R. Behringer

ECOLOGY

Directed seed dispersal by bellbirds in a tropical 6204-6207 cloud forest

Daniel G. Wenny and Douglas J. Levey

EVOLUTION

A resource range invariance rule for optimal offspring 6208-6211 size predicts patterns of variability in parental phenotypes

Jerry F. Downhower and Eric L. Charnov

Unexpected homology between inducible cell wall 6212-6216 protein QID74 of filamentous fungi and BR3 salivary protein of the insect Chironomus

Manuel Rey, Susumu Ohno, Jose A. Pintor-Toro, Antonio Llobell, and Tahia Benitez

Male fitness increases when females are eliminated 6217-6221 from gene pool: Implications for the Y chromosome

William R. Rice

Characterization of MADS homeotic genes in the fern 6222-6227 Ceratopteris richardii

Mitsuyasu Hasebe, Chi-Kuang Wen, Masahiro Kato, and Jo Ann Banks

GENETICS

A role for heterodimerization in nuclear localization 6228-6233 of a homeodomain protein

Anthony Spit, Robert H. Hyland, E. Jane C. Mellor, and Lorna A. Casselton

Silicatein ae: Cathepsin L-like protein in 6234-6238 sponge biosilica

Katsuhiko Shimizu, Jennifer Cha, Galen D. Stucky, and Daniel E. Morse

Genomic evidence for two functionally distinct 6239-6244 gene classes

Maria C. Rivera, Ravi Jain, Jonathan E. Moore, and James A. Lake

Glucose-regulated interaction of a regulatory subunit 6245-6250 of protein phosphatase 1 with the Snfl protein kinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Katja Ludin, Rong Jiang, and Marian Carlson

Stage specificity, dose response, and doubling dose for 6251-6255 mouse minisatellite germ-line mutation induced by acute radiation

Yuri E. Dubrova, Mark Plumb, Julia Brown, Jan Fennelly, Philippe Bois, Dudley Goodhead, and Alec J. Jeffreys

TslCje, a partial trisomy 16 mouse model for 6256-6261 Down syndrome, exhibits learning and behavioral abnormalities

Haruhiko Sago, Elaine J. Carlson, Desmond J. Smith, Joshua Kilbridge, Edward M. Rubin, William C. Mobley, Charles J. Epstein, and Ting-Ting Huang

Wheat grain hardness results from highly conserved 6262-6266 mutations in the friabilin components puroindoline a and b

Michael J. Giroux and Craig F. Morris

CIITA stimulation of transcription factor binding to 6267-6272 major histocompatibility complex class II and associated promoters in vivo

Kenneth L. Wright, Keh-Chuang Chin, Michael Linhoff, Cheryl Skinner, Jeffrey A. Brown, Jeremy M. Boss, George R. Stark, and Jenny P.-Y. Ting

IMMUNOLOGY

Eotaxin is required for the baseline level of 6273-6278 tissue eosinophils

Angela N. Matthews, Daniel S. Friend, Nives Zimmermann, Mindy N. Sarafi, Andrew D. Luster, Eric Pearlman, Susan E. Wert, and Marc E. Rothenberg

Reversal of tolerance to human MUCI antigen in 6279-6283 MUCI transgenic mice immunized with fusions of dendritic and carcinoma cells

Jianlin Gong, Dongshu Chen, Masahiro Kashiwaba, Yongqing Li, Ling Chen, Hideya Takeuchi, Hui Qu, Gerald J. Rowse, Sandra J. Gendler, and Donald Kufe

B7-CTLA4 interaction enhances both production of 6284-6289 antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes and resistance to tumor challenge

Pan Zheng, Yan Wu, Yong Guo, Cheng Lee, and Yang Liu

A cell surface receptor defined by a mAb mediates a 6290-6295 unique type of cell death similar to oncosis

Chonghui Zhang, Yuhui Xu, Jijie Gu, and Stuart F. Schlossman

Posttranscriptional regulation of urokinase 6296-6301 plasminogen activator receptor messenger RNA levels by leukocyte integrin engagement

Gene Jin Wang, Mark Collinge, Franscesco Blasi, Ruggero Pardi, and Jeffrey R. Bender

vi

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Contents

Visualizing the dynamics of T cell activation: 6302-6307 Intracellular adhesion molecule 1 migrates rapidly to the T cell/B cell interface and acts to sustain calcium levels

Christoph Wiilfing, Michael D. Sjaastad, and Mark M. Davis

HCC-2, a human chemokine: Gene structure, 6308-6313 expression pattern, and biological activity

Andreas Pardigol, Ulf Forssmann, Hans-Dieter Zucht, Pius Loetscher, Peter Schulz-Knappe, Marco Baggiolini, Wolf-Georg Forssmann, and Hans-Jiirgen Magert

Multiple modes of cellular activation and virus 6314-6319 transmission in HIV infection: A role for chronically and latently infected cells in sustaining viral replication

Zvi Grossman, Mark B. Feinberg, and William E. Paul

Murine Nkg2d and Cd94 are clustered within the 6320-6325 natural killer complex and are expressed independently in natural killer cells

Emily L. Ho, Jonathan W. Heusel, Michael G. Brown, Keiko Matsumoto, Anthony A. Scalzo, and Wayne M. Yokoyama

MEDICAL SCIENCES

Abolition of morphine-immunosuppression in mice 6326-6330 lacking the /x-opioid receptor gene

Claire Gav6riaux-Ruff, Hans W. D. Matthes, Jean Peluso, and Brigitte L. Kieffer

Anti-HIV-1 and chemotactic activities of human 6331-6336 stromal cell-derived factor 1a (SDF-1a) and SDF-113 are abolished by CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV-mediated cleavage

Tatsuo Shioda, Hiroyuki Kato, Yukano Ohnishi, Kei Tashiro, Masaya Ikegawa, Emi E. Nakayama, Huiling Hu, Atsushi Kato, Yuko Sakai, Huanliang Liu, Tasuku Honjo, Akio Nomoto, Aikichi Iwamoto, Chikao Morimoto, and Yoshiyuki Nagai

Mutations in the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger gene 6337-6342 AEl cause autosomal dominant but not autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis

F. E. Karet, F. J. Gainza, A. Z. Gy6ry, R. J. Unwin, 0. Wrong, M. J. A. Tanner, A. Nayir, H. Alpay, F. Santos, S. A. Hulton, A. Bakkaloglu, S. Ozen, M. J. Cunningham, A. di Pietro, W. G. Walker, and R. P. Lifton

A human fibrosarcoma inhibits systemic angiogenesis 6343-6348 and the growth of experimental metastases via thrombospondin-1

Olga V. Volpert, Jack Lawler, and Noel P. Bouck

In vivo detection and imaging of phosphatidylserine 6349-6354 expression during programmed cell death

Francis G. Blankenberg, Peter D. Katsikis, Jonathan F. Tait, R. Eric Davis, Louis Naumovski, Katsuichi Ohtsuki, Susan Kopiwoda, Michael J. Abrams, Marilyn Darkes, Robert C. Robbins, Holden T. Maecker, and H.W. Strauss

CYR61, a product of a growth factor-inducible 6355-6360 immediate early gene, promotes angiogenesis and tumor growth

Alexander M. Babic, Maria L. Kireeva, Tatiana V. Kolesnikova, and Lester F. Lau

Chaperone-facilitated copper binding is a property 6361-6366 common to several classes of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked superoxide dismutase mutants

Laura B. Corson, Jeffrey J. Strain, Valeria C. Culotta, and Don W. Cleveland

Angiostatin gene transfer: Inhibition of tumor growth 6367-6372 in vivo by blockage of endothelial cell proliferation associated with a mitosis arrest

Frank Griscelli, Hong Li, Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli, Jeannette Soria, Paule Opolon, Claudine Soria, Michel Perricaudet, Patrice Yeh, and He Lu

Abnormal transport along the lysosomal pathway in 6373-6378 Mucolipidosis, type IV disease

Chii-Shiarng Chen, Gideon Bach, and Richard E. Pagano

Continuous amperometric monitoring of glucose in a 6379-6382 brittle diabetic chimpanzee with a miniature subcutaneous electrode

J. G. Wagner, D. W. Schmidtke, C. P. Quinn, T. F. Fleming, B. Bernacky, and A. Heller

Identification of rat susceptibility loci for 6383-6387 adjuvant-oil-induced arthritis

Johnny C. Lorentzen, Anna Glaser, Lena Jacobsson, Joakim Galli, Hossein Fakhrai-rad, Lars Klareskog, and Holger Luthman

Increased rates of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte 6388-6393 turnover in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques

Michael Rosenzweig, MaryAnn DeMaria, David M. Harper, Stuart Friedrich, Rakesh K. Jain, and R. Paul Johnson

Human sulfite oxidase R160Q: Identification of the 6394-6398 mutation in a sulfite oxidase-deficient patient and expression and characterization of the mutant enzyme

Robert M. Garrett, Jean L. Johnson, Tyler N. Graf, Annette Feigenbaum, and K. V. Rajagopalan

Ultraviolet radiation, but not y radiation or 6399-6402 etoposide-induced DNA damage, results in the phosphorylation of the murine p53 protein at serine-389

Hua Lu, Yoichi Taya, Masako Ikeda, and Arnold J. Levine

Broad spectrum chemokine antagonistic activity of a 6403-6407 human poxvirus chemokine homolog

Inger Damon, Philip M. Murphy, and Bernard Moss

Lineage commitment in the progeny of murine 6408-6412 hematopoietic preprogenitor cells: Influence of thrombopoietin and interleukin 5

Donald Metcalf

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Contents

t(11;22)(q23;qll.2) in acute myeloid leukemia of 6413-6418 infant twins fuses MLL with hCDCrel, a cell division cycle gene in the genomic region of deletion in DiGeorge and velocardiofacial syndromes

Maureen D. Megonigal, Eric F. Rappaport, Douglas H. Jones, Terence M. Williams, Brian D. Lovett, Kara M. Kelly, Paul H. Lerou, Thomas Moulton, Marcia L. Budarf, and Carolyn A. Felix

MICROBIOLOGY

Molecular characterization of the phenylacetic acid 6419-6424 catabolic pathway in Pseudomonas putida U: The phenylacetyl-CoA catabolon

E. R. Olivera, B. Miniambres, B. Garcia, C. Muiiiz, M. A. Moreno, A. Ferrandez, E. Diaz, J. L. Garcia, and J. M. Luengo

A double-stranded RNA element from a hypovirulent 6425-6429 strain of Rhizoctonia solani occurs in DNA form and is genetically related to the pentafunctional AROM protein of the shikimate pathway

Dilip K. Lakshman, Jianhua Jian, and Stellos M. Tavantzis

Regulation of the pADI sex pheromone response of 6430-6435 Enterococcus faecalis by direct interaction between the cADI peptide mating signal and the negatively regulating, DNA-binding TraA protein

Shuhei Fujimoto and Don B. Clewell

Electrostatic interactions between rotor and stator in 6436-6441 the bacterial flagellar motor

Jiadong Zhou, Scott A. Lloyd, and David F. Blair

Restriction-modification gene complexes as selfish 6442-6447 gene entities: Roles of a regulatory system in their establishment, maintenance, and apoptotic mutual exclusion

Y. Nakayama and I. Kobayashi

NEUROBIOLOGY

Diffusible, nonfibrillar ligands derived from Af3-42 6448-6453 are potent central nervous system neurotoxins

M. P. Lambert, A. K. Barlow, B. A. Chromy, C. Edwards, R. Freed, M. Liosatos, T. E. Morgan, I. Rozovsky, B. Trommer, K. L. Viola, P. Wals, C. Zhang, C. E. Finch, G. A. Krafft, and W. L. Klein

Cerebral cortical hyperactivation in response to 6454-6459 mental stress in patients with coronary artery disease

Robert Soufer, J. Douglas Bremner, James A. Arrighi, Ira Cohen, Barry L. Zaret, Matthew M. Burg, and Patricia Goldman-Rakic

Cholesterol depletion inhibits the generation of 6460-6464 13-amyloid in hippocampal neurons

Mikael Simons, Patrick Keller, Bart De Strooper, Konrad Beyreuther, Carlos G. Dotti, and Kai Simons

How do owls localize interaurally 6465-6468 phase-ambiguous signals?

Kourosh Saberi, Haleh Farahbod, and Masakazu Konishi

a-Synuclein in filamentous inclusions of Lewy bodies 6469-6473 from Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies

Maria Grazia Spillantini, R. Anthony Crowther, Ross Jakes, Masato Hasegawa, and Michel Goedert

The effect of recombinant recoverin on the 6474-6479 photoresponse of truncated rod photoreceptors

Martha A. Erickson, Leon Lagnado, Sergey Zozulya, Thomas A. Neubert, Lubert Stryer, and Denis A. Baylor

Altered brain neurotransmitter receptors in transgenic 6480-6485 mice expressing a portion of an abnormal human Huntington disease gene

Jang-Ho J. Cha, Christoph M. Kosinski, Julie A. Kerner, Stephen A. Alsdorf, Laura Mangiarini, Stephen W. Davies, John B. Penney, Gillian P. Bates, and Anne B. Young

Preferential localization of self-stimulation sites in 6486-6491 striosomes/patches in the rat striatum

Norman M. White and Noboru Hiroi

Heterogeneity of subcellular localization and 6492-6497 electrophoretic mobility of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein in mammalian neural cells and tissues

Jonathan W. Francis, Alfred W. Sandrock, Pradeep G. Bhide, Jean-Paul Vonsattel, and Robert H. Brown, Jr.

Temporal dynamics of verbal object comprehension 6498-6503 John Hart, Jr., Nathan E. Crone, Ronald P. Lesser, Jeffrey Sieracki, Diana L. Miglioretti, Charles Hall, David Sherman, and Barry Gordon

PHARMACOLOGY

Mutations of -y-aminobutyric acid and glycine 6504-6509 receptors change alcohol cutoff: Evidence for an alcohol receptor?

Marilee J. Wick, S. John Mihic, Susumu Ueno, Maria Paola Mascia, James R. Trudell, Susan J. Brozowski, Qing Ye, Neil L. Harrison, and R. Adron Harris

Muscarinic cholinergic regulation of cardiac myocyte 6510-6515 ICa-L is absent in mice with targeted disruption of endothelial nitric oxide synthase

Xinqiang Han, Isao Kubota, Olivier Feron, Douglas J. Opel, Margaret A. Arstall, You-Yang Zhao, Paul Huang, Mark C. Fishman, Thomas Michel, and Ralph A. Kelly

PHYSIOLOGY

Does the colonic H,K-ATPase also act as an 6516-6520 Na,K-ATPase?

Marc Cougnon, Patrice Bouyer, Gabrielle Planelles, and Frederic Jaisser

The gamma subunit of the Na,K-ATPase induces 6521-6525 cation channel activity

Nicole T. Minor, Qun Sha, Colin G. Nichols, and Robert W. Mercer

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Contents

Water does not flow across the tight junctions of 6526-6530 MDCK cell epithelium

Olga Kovbasnjuk, John P. Leader, Alan M. Weinstein, and Kenneth R. Spring

PLANT BIOLOGY

Generation of broad-spectrum disease resistance by 6531-6536 overexpression of an essential regulatory gene in systemic acquired resistance

Hui Cao, Xin Li, and Xinnian Dong

NEEDLY, a Pinus radiata ortholog of 6537-6542 FLORICA ULA /LEAFY genes, expressed in both reproductive and vegetative meristems

Aidyn Mouradov, Tina Glassick, Britt Hamdorf, Lawrence Murphy, Beth Fowler, Soma Marla, and Robert D. Teasdale

The 3' untranslated region of a rice a-amylase gene 6543-6547 functions as a sugar-dependent mRNA stability determinant

Ming-Tsair Chan and Su-May Yu

A transient outward-rectifying K+ channel current 6548-6553 down-regulated by cytosolic Ca2+ in Arabidopsis thaliana guard cells

Zhen-Ming Pei, Victor M. Baizabal-Aguirre, Gethyn J. Allen, and Julian I. Schroeder

The incompatible interaction between Phytophthora 6554-6559 parasitica var. nicotianae race 0 and tobacco is suppressed in transgenic plants expressing antisense lipoxygenase sequences

Iann Ranc6, Joelle Fournier, and Marie-Therese Esquerr6-Tugay6

Precisely full length, circularizable, complementary 6560-6565 RNA: An infectious form of potato spindle tuber viroid

P. A. Feldstein, Y. Hu, and R. A. Owens

POPULATION BIOLOGY

Anomalies in coral reef community metabolism and 6566-6569 their potential importance in the reef CO2 source-sink debate

John R. M. Chisholm and David J. Barnes

Social Sciences

PSYCHOLOGY

Temporal dynamics of verbal object comprehension 6498-6503 John Hart, Jr., Nathan E. Crone, Ronald P. Lesser, Jeffrey Sieracki, Diana L. Miglioretti, Charles Hall, David Sherman, and Barry Gordon

CORRECTION

NEUROBIOLOGY Investigating neural correlates of conscious perception 6570 by frequency-tagged neuromagnetic responses

Giulio Tononi, Ramesh Srinivasan, D. Patrick Russell, and Gerald M. Edelman

AUTHOR INDEX xi-xiii

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS xiv-xvi

SIZING WORKSHEET xvii

COPYRIGHT ASSIGNMENT FORM xviii

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS xix-xxi

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