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0. Croft, Leeds; Dr. David L3wsoij, Hull ; and Dr. HughRhodes, Sheffield.

Dr. BRIGGS related two cases of Abdominal Hysterectomyfor Uterine Fibroids, and showed the tumours.

Dr. J. E. GEMMELL related a case of Intra-uterine Diseaseand showed microscopic sections of Curetted Fragments.-Adiscussion took place as to whether the disease was adenomauteri, benign or malignant.

Dr. W. E. FoTHERGiLL read a note on the Development ofthe Placenta, and on its fate when retained in ntero after thedeath of the foetus ; and showed several microscopic sectionsand drawings illustrative of the subject.

NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAMMEDICAL SOCIETY.

THe Death of Mr. Broadbent.-Congratulations to Lord-Lister. -Exhibition of Cases and Specimens.

A MEETING of this society was held on Jan. 14tb, thePresident, Mr. WILLIAMSON, being in the chair.A vote of sympathy with his relatives on the occasion of I

the death of Mr. Samuel W. Broadbent was carried.It was proposed and unanimously carried that the con-

gratulations of the society be sent to Lord Lister.Dr. HTJME showed a case of Sarcoma of the Kidney. The

patient, aged fifty-three years, was well till August last andthen felt an uneasy dragging in the right side, noticed anincreased frequency in micturition, and discovered a lump inthe abdomen. On admission to the infirmary the tumour wasvery moveable and could be passed across from the rightlumbar and iliac regions, where it mostly lay, to the left ofthe spinal column. Because it seemed to be tied to a pedicleto the right side, high up, and because of the absence ofcolon note behind the tumour and its presence in front, it wasconsidered to be probably renal. There was nothing abnormalin the urine. The abdomen was opened in the middle line andthe diagnosis verified. The mEdian incision was extendedoutwards through the right rectus abdominis muscle andthe tumour and kidney were removed. The whole of theanterior abdominal wound was closed and a drainage-tubeinserted through the loin. The specimen (exhibited) was asarcoma about the size of a cocoa-nut, grown from, andinvolving, the lower end of the kidney. Its mobility wasexplained by the fact that it bad dragged upon, and elongated,the kidney which formed its pedicle.

Dr. HUME also showed a patient after Excision of thelower end of the Humerus for Fracture and Dislocation(Heron Watson’s operation). He was a young man whoseelbow had been stiffened in consequence of a fracture-dislocation proved by skiagraph (exhibited). The arm wasrendered practically useless by the accident, and attemptsto remedy the condition by manipulations under chloroformhad failed. The lower end of the humerus bad been excisedby Heron Watson’s method with a satisfactory result.

Dr. HUME further showed a woman on whom four Abdo.minal Sections had been performed-viz., an operation forremoval of two Fallopian tubes four years ago, a ventralhernia resulting. She was twice operated upon by thesurgeon who performed the first operation without success.Six weeks previously Dr. Hume bad opened her abdomenfor the fourth time to cure the ventral hernia, and theresult so far was perfectly good.

’

Mr. PAGE showed the following specimens :-1. A largeUric Acid Calculus the size of a Tangerine orange, success-fully removed by Supra-pubic Litiaotomy from a man

aged fifty years, who had symptoms of stone for fortyyears. 2. Eight Calculi of Various Sizes removed success-fully by the Supra-pubic Operation from an old man withEnlarged Prostate. It was evident from the examination ofthe specimens that some of the calculi had undergone spon-taneous fracture. 3 An Oxalate of Lime Stone the size of aWalnut successfully removed from a boy aged four years bySupra-pubic Lithotomy. 4. A Gall-stone from the CysticDuct the size of a filbert which had been removed by opera-tion from a young woman who had a tumour in her abdomenabout the size of an ostrich egg. The tumour was freelymoveable and could be placed in any part of the abdomen,but when undisturbed remained in the right side. The

diagnosis being uncertain her abdomen was opened in theright linea semilunaris and the enormously distended gall-bladder was opened and emptied of a clear, colourless fluid.

The cystic duct was firmly plugged by the stone (exhibited)and had to be incised for its removal. The wounds in the

gall-bladder and the duct were closed by sutures andreturned to the abdomen, which was entirely closed withoutdrainage. This was the fifth case in which he had closedone or other of the ducts by suture and returned them intothe undrained abdomen, and all the cases had recoveredwell. 5. One lobe of a Thyroid Gland removed from afemale for Sudden Haemorrhage into its Substance. The-patient had noticed a small swelling for many years, which,however, caused no inconvenience. A few days before her-admission to hospital whilst working hard the swellingsuddenly increased in size and became painful. At the sametime she had such a serious attack of difficulty in breathingthat it was thought she might not recover. Sincethen she had other attacks of dyspnoea and the tumour

(exhibited) was removed. On section it was seen thatthe whole substance of the tumour was infiltrated with

coagulated blood, and careful examination showed at oneportion of it a small ruptured cyst. It seemed a probableexplanation that haemorrhage had first occurred into the.cyst and that had burst.

Mr. RUTHERFORD MORISON showed a series of specimens.of Uteri illustrating conditions which he thought could bebest dealt with by vaginal hysterectomy. Cancer of thebody and cancer of the cervix uteri were the most commonindications for the operation. In one case he had excised’the uterus and a fibroid of the anterior wall the size of acocoa-nut which was causing gradually increasing bladdertrouble, with attacks of urinary retention. In one case he-had excised the uterus, both tubes and one ovary for acutegonorrhœal endometritis. salpingitis, and pelvic abscess. Inone case he had removed the uterus in an apparently hope-less case to allow efficient drainage of a huge pelvic abscesswhich had been previously drained by the abdomen andwhich was complicated by faecal fistula. He thought thatno preliminary treatment of the vagina and the uterus wasuseful. All necessary preparations could be made im-

mediately before the operation whilst the patient was anres-thetised. He did not use any ligatures, but secured thebroad ligament in haemostatic forceps before dividing eachportion, using from twelve to twenty-four pairs of forceps forthis purpose. No drainage-tubes or sutures were necessary,drainage being effected by a strand of gauze passed up thecentre of the forceps. The vagina was then so full thatneither intestines nor omentum could escape. The forcepswere left in for forty-eight hours and the gauze removed inseventy-two hours. Unless the discharge became fcetidno.further treatment than keeping the external parts clean anddressed was employed. He had performed this operationnineteen times for cancer and seven times for other con-ditions. All the twenty-six patients had recovered and onlyin one case had there been any accident. In this case sharpbleeding followed the removal of the forceps at the end oftwenty-four hours.

Dr. COLEY exhibited examples of Congenital Disease ofthe Kidney which were removed (post mortem) from a man,aged forty-two years, who died in the infirmary. His illness

began a year previously with diarrhcea and vomiting. Onadmission he was uraemic ; his urine contained blood, andthe two large tumours (exhibited) were found in his abdo-men. They very closely resembled in appearance certainmultilocular cystic ovarian tumours.

GLASGOW MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY,

-Exhibition of Cases and Specimens.A MEETING of this society was held on Jan. 22nd, the

President, Dr. W. L. REID, being in the chair.Dr. LINDSAY STEVEN showed the parts from a case of

Abdominal Aneurysm which had arisen from the posterioraspect of the aorta and had ruptured into the tissue behindthe peritoneum.

Dr. H. E. JoNBS showed a number of specimens of Urinefrom a case of Paroxysmal Hæmoglobinuria, illustratirg therapidity with which the blood-colouring matter may dis-appear from the urine. The fact that the patient was ayoung woman was another feature of interest.

Dr, LINDSAY STEVEN and Dr. T. K. MoNRO demonstratedfour cases of Muscular Atrophy. The first two followed theusual type of progressive spinal muscular atrophy, the one

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being an advanced and the other an early case ; in the latter the atrophy was confined to the muscles of the right hand. m

The third patient was a girl in whom there was atrophy of tlthe right trapezius and serratus magnus, and the condition d:was attributed by the patient to the act of carrying heavy d

weights. In the fourth case the patient, a young man, had f<been crushed by a coal truck, and there were atrophy and aiweakness of the muscles of the back, manifested by lordosis Tand inability to rise from the recumbent posture ; in addition, Cthe muscles of the right upper arm were much atrophied. a

All the patients had been treated with hypodermic injections s

of nitrate of strychnine and with evidences of improvement- c

at least, to the extent of apparent staying of the atrophic t,

changes. 1:Dr. J. CARSLAW and Dr. R M. BUCHANAN submitted a s

report on a case of Double Facial Paralysis, and showed a r

number of microscopic sections of the nerves. The patient, ta man aged thirty-two years, had suffered from syphilis v(chancre) nine months before the paralysis appeared, but the c

onset of the paralysis was immediately preceded by exposure s

to severe cold. He improved to some extent under anti- (

syphilitic treatment. Shortly after treatment was com- (

menced, however, he suddenly became paralysed (left rhemiplegia), and died in the course of a few days. After tdeath a limited softened area was found in the right corpus istriatum, and the sections submitted showed considerable haemorrhages under the sheaths of the facial and auditory j Jnerves and some cellular proliferation. Similar changes were present in the perivascular spaces in the neighbourhood of ’.the softened area in the brain. The case was regarded as of I

great importance in the possible interpretation it afforded of ,the exact nature of the changes to which the nervous system was liable in early syphilis.

Dr. W. G. DUN and Dr. LINDSAY STEVEN gave an accountof a case of Congenital Cardiac Disease and showed theheart, which displayed extreme stenosis of the pulmonaryartery, with patency of the foramen ovale, but withoutany imperfection of the inter-ventricular septum. Thechild at the time of death was four years of ageand no symptoms exciting the suspicion of cardiacdisea,se had been observed until within the last year oflife. Attention was drawn to the late arrival of cyanosisand cardiac embarrassment, to the perfection of the inter-ventricular septum, and to the extreme contraction of theorifice of the pulmonary valve, and it was urged that such aconjunction of events justified the view that the disease musthave commenced comparatively late in intra-uterine life andhave continued to progress after birth. The abnormal com-munication between the right heart and the systemic circula-tion being limited to a moderate opening at the foramenovale, whilst the degree of cyanosis had latterly been i

extreme, the case lent force to the suggestion that the

cyanosis in such conditions was not due to mingling ofvenous with arterial blood, but rather to inefficient aerationof blood as a consequence of the pulmonic obstruction.

ROYAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE INIRELAND.

SECTION OF PATHOLOGY.

Pathological Conditions of the Heart.-Achorion Sch&ouml;nleinii.-Pyoyenic Oryanisms.-Trichinosis.

A MEETING of this section was held on Jan. 15th, ProfessorBEXXETT being in the chair.

Dr. J. B. COLEMAN exhibited ten specimens of Patho-logical Conditions of the Heart. One was the heart ofa boy, aged eight years, who suffered from mildchorea and mitral regurgitation of old standing. Whilstin the hospital he developed acute endocarditis, fromwhich he died. His heart was remarkably enlarged,particularly the left side. The mitral orifice was

much dilated, admitting two fingers readily, whilst theapex was bifurcated, the apex of the left ventricle beingnearly an inch below that of the right and sepa-rated from it by a groove. Another specimen was takenfrom a girl, aged nineteen years, who had been under Dr.Coleman’s care from time to time for the past two years, pre-senting well-marked signs of mitral stenosis. The heartshewed extreme stenosis of the mitral orifice, which would

admit the edge of the finger-nail. The left auricle wasLuch hypertrophied, the left ventricle was of normal size,ie right ventricle was hypertrophied, and the right auricleilated. The patient bad suffered from paroxysms of

pyspn&oelig;a and haemoptysis, and basmorrhagic infarcts werefound in the lungs. Another specimen was from a man,ged sixty-six years, who was dead on admission to hospital.’here was a rupture near the apex of the left ventricle.In the pericardial surface there was a rent about halfn inch in length and on the corresponding endocardialurface there was ulcerative destruction of the endo-ardium and muscular tissue. The pericardium was dis-ended with blood. The last specimen was taken from aabourer, aged twenty-eight years, who, whilst engaged inome severe work on the quays, suddenly dropped dead. Thenen who brought him to hospital stated that previously helad made no complaint. The pericardium was distendedvith blood, and the cause of death was a ruptured aneurysm.f the left ventricle somewhat bigger than a walnut and:ituated near the apex of the ventricle. The external wall)f the aneurysm was composed of the pouched-out peri-;ardium; the cavity invaded the thickened myocardium,and a small opening from the inner side of the ventricle nearthe apex led into the sac of the aneurysm.-The CHAIRMANremarked that these cases of spontaneous rupture of theheart accorded with the opinion, expressed by Dr. Stokes informer days, that when spontaneous rupture of the heartoccurred it took place at the apex of the left ventricle.-Dr. McWEENEY said he had examined a large number ofhearts, but had never seen anything like the heart with thedouble apex which had been exhibited. Occasionally aslight depression between the right and the left sides of theapex was met with ; but a left apex fully an inch below oneon the right side, with a deep groove running between them,was a matter of considerable rarity.

Dr. McWEENEY showed pure cultivations on glycerinagar and ordinary agar of Achorion Schonleinii grown froma favus scutulum given him by Dr. Coleman. A fragment ofthe scutulum was crushed in a drop of sterile broth betweensterile glass slips, and a trace of the fluid rubbed into thenutrient surfaces. Abundant and pure development occurredat 37&deg; C.

Dr. McWEENEY also showed a series of PyogenicOrganisms which he had recently isolated from the humansubject. The first was streptococcus pyogenes var. longusfrom a severe whitlow on his own finger (due to dissec-tion). The second was staphylococcus aureus from a

metastatic miliary abscess of the kidney in a case of

septioo-pysemia and infective endocarditis that hadterminated fatally within two days of admission to hospital.The patient was a powerfully-built man, aged twenty-five years, of alcoholic habits. The third organism wasbacterium coli commune from the peritoneal exudation of acase of general purulent peritonitis from perforation of thevermiform appendix in a boy aged ten. A remarkable.feature was the discharge of four ounces of turbid, yellow,foul-smelling fluid from the subject’s left ear when on thepost-mortem table. This fluid contained bacterium coli alsoin pure cultivation (specimen shown). Intra-craniallynothing was found to account for the aural discharge. Lastly,he showed bacillus pyocyaneus obtained from the urine of acase resembling tuberculous pyelitis, but shown to be due toinfection of the kidney with the organism mentioned. Thiswas a rare occurrence. The bacillus isolated was intenselychromogenic and pathogenic.. Dr. ALFRED R. PARSON’S made a communication on

Trichinosis, which was illustrated by specimens of encap-suled trichinae removed from the body of a patient betweensixty and seventy years of age, who was admitted to the

City of Dublin Hospital last September. He was a labourer byoccupation, and he stated that he had never had any seriousillness. For a few years past he has had a cough, but wasnot obliged to give up his work till six or seven weeks beforeadmission. Physical examination revealed the presence ofextensive tuberculous disease of the right lung. The caseterminated fatally in a little more than two months afterhis admission and the post-mortem examination disclosed alarge cavity in the apex of the right lung. Scatteredthrough the muscles, especially of the neck, extremities,and diaphragm, were numerous white spots, most abundanttowards the tendinous insertion of the muscles. A smallportion of one of the muscles was spread out in a thin layeron a slide, and in an area about half an inch square at leasttwenty-five capsules could be counted. None could be