Grade 8 TEKS/TAKS:U.S. Colonial Periodthrough Reconstruction

Presentation by Mr. HatawayCreated April 9, 2005Revised April 14, 2010

1607 First permanent

English settlement in North America established by the Virginia Company.

Settlement called Jamestown in honor of King James I of England.

1607 What factors encouraged settlement?

Peace with Spain Lure of adventure Markets and the prospect of religious

freedom

1776 June 7, 1776,

Richard Henry Lee of Virginia moves for independence at the Second Continental Congress.

1776 Committee

including Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston, charged with drafting the document.

1776 July 4, 1776, fifty-six representatives

from the thirteen colonies approved the Declaration of Independence.

Unalienable Rights Fundamental rights. Natural rights guaranteed to people

naturally instead of by law. The Declaration of Independence equates

natural rights with several truths, “that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

Articles of Confederation

The nation’s first constitution Adopted by the Second Continental

Congress in 1781 during the Revolution.

Gave Congress limited authority. Congress lacked the power to tax,

regulate trade, or control coinage.

1787

Between May 25 and September 17, 1787, delegates met in Philadelphia to revise the Article of Confederation.

1787 Instead they drafted

a new Constitution. Federalists and Anti-

federalists faced off over issues of states’ rights, human liberties, and governmental authority.

Federalist Papers Series of 85 essays which explained the

new government and the division of power. Written by leading Federalists John Jay,

James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton.

Federalist Papers

For example, in The Federalist #10, Hamilton defines the republican form of government which Federalists envisioned and the process of electing representatives to Congress.

1803

The U.S., under the leadership of President Thomas Jefferson, acquired the Louisiana Territory from Napoleon Bonaparte, ruler of France, for $15 million.

Purchase doubled the size of the U.S.

1803

1803

Marbury v. Madison Established the principle of

judicial review, the power of the courts to determine that a law can be declared unconstitutional.

War of 1812

“The Second War of Independence”

U.S. drawn into war because of economic ties to warring nations of Great Britain and France.

They paid little attention to right of U.S. to trade or to remain neutral in their war.

War of I812

Pres. James Madison asked Congress to declare war on Great Britain.

War of I812

Three main reasons for war: Impressment of U.S. sailors Violation of U.S. rights at sea British support of Native American

opposition to colonial settlement.

War of 1812 After defeating

Napoleon in mid-1814, the British took more aggressive action. Invaded several ports Set fire to the White

House and the Capitol.

War of 1812

Treaty of Ghent Signed in December 1814 formally

ending the war.

War of 1812 Battle of New Orleans

Took place two weeks later – Jan. 8, 1815

Gen. Andrew Jackson won public recognition for defending the city against superior British forces.

Neither side knew the war had already ended.

Monroe Doctrine Formulated by Sec. of State John Q.

Adams and Pres. James Monroe in 1823

Foreign policy statement which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the U.S. or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere.

Also that the U.S. would not interfere in European affairs.

Nullification Crisis

In 1828, Congress approved a high tariff to protect U.S. interests from competition from foreign trade.

This angered southerners who dealt directly with merchants in Britain.

Planters favored freedom of trade and believed in the authority of their states over the federal government.

Nullification Crisis

Sen. John C. Calhoun (SC), declared the federal tariff null and void.

To prevent a civil war, Senator Henry Clay (KY), proposed the Compromise Tariff of 1833 which gradually reduced the protective tariff over ten years.

Abolitionist Movement

Began during the Revolutionary era.

Pennsylvania Quakers established first anti-slavery society in 1775.

Republic of Liberia, est. 1822, west coast of Africa, served as a destination for approximately 15,000 former slaves.

Abolitionist Movement

American Anti-Slavery Society founded in 1833 by William Lloyd Garrison.

African Americans, Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth, played key roles in the abolitionist movement.

American Civil War: 1861-1865

Began April 12, 1861, with firing on Fort Sumter and ended with Confederate surrender at Appomattox Court House in early April 1865.

American Civil War: 1861-1865

South Carolina was the first to secede.

South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas formed the Confederate States of America.

American Civil War: 1861-1865

1861 President Lincoln took

oath of office March 4, 1861

Battle of Bull Run First battle of the war. Fought near Manassas

Junction, Virginia. Ended with a Confederate

victory.

American Civil War: 1861-1865

1862 Battle of Antietam

Bloodiest single-day battle of the war Occurred in Maryland on September 17,

1862 Emancipation Proclamation issued

on September 23, following the Union victory at Antietam

American Civil War: 1861-1865

1863 July 1-4, 1863

Battle of Gettysburg, turned Confederate invasion of the North.

Battle of Vicksburg, gave the Union control of the Mississippi River.

American Civil War: 1861-1865

1864 Ulysses S. Grant appointed commander

of the Union army following Vicksburg Gen. Grant sent Gen. William T.

Sherman to the South where he captured and burned Atlanta.

American Civil War: 1861-1865

1865 In April, Union troops captured

Richmond and surrounded Lee. April 9, 1865, Gen. Robert E. Lee

surrendered to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia.

April 15, 1865, President Lincoln died from an assassin’s bullet.

American Civil War: 1861-1865

Reconstruction

Radical Reconstruction Radical Republicans in Congress

favored harsh treatment of the South and quick incorporation of the freemen into citizenship with full privileges including

voting rights for all African Americans government seizure of land from

planters for redistribution to freedmen funding of schools for African Americans

Reconstruction

Congress passed the Reconstruction Act of 1867. Southern states had to accept the 14th

Amendment and rewrite their constitutions so all adult men were able to vote.

Ex-Confederates were considered traitors, therefore, not eligible to vote.

Reconstruction

The Compromise of 1877 Effectively ended Reconstruction. Compromise solved an impasse

caused by the close election of 1876 Samuel J. Tilden (Dem) Rutherford B. Hayes (Rep) Southern states of LA, FL, and SC

submitted two sets of returns, one Dem and one Rep.

http://www.authentichistory.com/images/postcivilwar/maps_and_charts/1877_compromise_of_1877.jpg

Reconstruction

The Compromise of 1877 Hayes became president. Withdraw federal troops from

Louisiana and South Carolina.

Reconstruction 13th Amendment

Adopted in 1865, eight months after the Civil War ended.

Legally forbade slavery in the United States.

Reconstruction

14th Amendment Declared all persons born or

naturalized in the U.S. citizens. All citizens were entitled to equal

rights regardless of their race. Rights protected at both the

national and state levels by the due process of the law.

Reconstruction

15th Amendment Ratified in 1870 Extended the right to vote to former

adult male slaves.

The End