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@gradecraft
School is a GameBut is it a good game?
Anthony Whyte and John JohnstonThe University of Michigan
@gradecraft
The Challenge We Face
• We want students to:
• be deeply engaged with subject matter
• work hard and take on intellectual challenges
• take risks and try new things
• be resilient in the face of failure
• But the way our educational system is designed (including at Michigan) encourages exactly the opposite behaviors
@gradecraft
Which Brings Us to…
• Games as models for learning environments
• Well-designed games:
• Get players engaged early, and keep them engaged
• Appeal to players’ sense of curiosity (What will happen next?)
• Encourage players to take risks
• People play well-designed games BECAUSE THEY ARE CHALLENGING, not despite the challenge
@gradecraft
What is a “game”?
“A game is a system in which players engage in an artificial conflict, defined by rules, that results in a quantifiable outcome.”
(Salen & Zimmerman, 2003)
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Typical Game Elements
• Points
• Badges
• Rewards
• Leader Boards
• Avatars/Characters
These are the superficial elements of games. We need to change the underlying mechanics of
our courses if we want to change motivation and engagement.
@gradecraft
WHAT ARE THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOOD GAMES/COURSES?
FREEDOM TO FAIL
MULTIPLE ROUTES
AFFINITY GROUPSINTRINSIC & EXTRINSIC
MOTIVATION
CLEAR GOALS
GEE, 2005
ENCOURAGE EXPLORATION
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WHAT ARE THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOOD GAMES/COURSES?
Self-Determination Theory
Autonomy
Belonging
Competence
STUDENTS MAKECHOICES THAT MATTER
STUDENT WORK SUPPORTS MASTERY
STUDENTS FEEL CONNECTED
RYAN & DECI, 2000
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EDUC222: Videogames & Learning
PLAYFUL COMMUNITYCORE ENGAGEMENT
Emphasis: Collaboration, Exploration, and Skill Development
ASSESSMENT PATHWAYS
Bloggingeasy
Game Critiques
Intermediate
Individualdeep Dive
difficult
Group Game DesignDifficult
Do any2x Lecture Attendance1x Reading Reaction
Weekly Work
SOFT SKILL RECOGNITION
Team Challenges build a sense of community, while
badges recognize extraordinary effort and
accomplishment.
Students have autonomy to
select additional coursework that matches
their interests and timeline.
Learning From Playing a Game(Semester Project)
Common foundation engaging with core
materials and completing a
semester-long project.
@gradecraft
• We have evidence that gameful grading systems contribute to improved student engagement and effort. We see more students actively participating, taking risks, and report enjoying working hard.
• Giving students autonomy over how theyparticipate in a course boosts their perception of its fairness and ease, ultimately resulting in their liking these systems, and feeling in control of their own outcomes.
• GradeCraft is a tool that integrates with your classroom to make it easier for you to create a gameful environment, and easier for your students to understand and navigate this new approach.
@gradecraft
GRADECRAFT FEATURES
Student Dashboard Grade Predictor
Leveling System Team Leaderboards
Badges
Course Analytics Individual Leaderboards
@gradecraft
PROJECT LEAD
Caitlin Holman
PHD STUDENTSBen PlummerJeff Stern
MSI STUDENTSMichelle FiestaAdam LevickStephanie Wooten
UNDERGRADUATESElana Graf
DEVELOPMENT TEAMAlfaJango, LLC
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Barry Fishman
LED LabStephanie TeasleySteve Lonn
CRLTRachel Niemer
DEVELOPED IN PARTNERSHIP WITH:The Learning Analytics Task Force The Office of Digital
Education & Innovation