Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Mitigation in Road Construction
and Rehabilitation:
A Toolkit for Developing CountriesPresentation for GHG Accounting and Analysis: Tools
and Methodologies for Development Finance Workshop
Fei Deng
Transport Specialist, EASIN
June 18, 2010
Road Construction Activities and GHG
0.5%-1%
of
total emission
Outline
1.Why such a toolkit?
2.Achievements to date
3.Next Steps
4.Comments & Challenges
Region
Road transport contribution to transport sector
World 72%
Asia 95 to 100%Europe 93%
North America 85%
Central America
and caribbeann.a.
Middle East and N.
African.a.
South Africa more than 50%
Sub-saharan Africa n.a.
Oceania 84%
Road transport vs. other sub-sectors, globally & by region
Why such a toolkit? – the significance
Relationship b/w transport sector & road construction
Objectives of the Toolkit
A tool to evaluate GHG emissions of road const./rehab.
in various scenarios
Raise awareness
of road agencies on GHG issues
Expose developing countries to international
best practices & alternative
techniques to reduce GHG
emissions
Target Users and Intended Use of the Toolkit
Decision makers, planners, designers, and construction
managers
Depending on project stage (with varied level of
information), different user groups can have sufficient
decision making information about GHG emissions
related to road construction activities.
The tool would be flexible to allow new
materials/techniques/equipment to be added to the
standard set.
Outline
1.Why such a toolkit?
2.Achievements to date
3.Next Steps
4.Comments & Challenges
Tasks completed to date
Task 1
• Broad assessment of GHG emissions related to transport sector
Task 2
• Detailed literature review on GHG emissions from road activities
Task 3
• Road Construction and Rehabilitation Practices in 3 East Asian Developing Countries
Tasks completed to date (cont’d)
Task 4• Case Studies Selection and Detailed Analysis
of GHG Emissions
Task 5 • Perform GHG emission calculations
Task 6
• Identify gaps between international best practices and state of the practice as well as proposals for improving the situation
Task 2: Detailed literature review on
GHG emissions from road activities
Understand road activities
Identify and compare tools to calculate GHG emissions due to road activities
Identify methods of GHG calculations
Identify alternative techniques for reducing GHG emissions
Road Construction Activities and GHG
Road GHG Emission Tools - methodology
Simplified structure of GHG emissions tool
related to a road activities
Structure of GHG emissions module
related to pavement (asphalt road
activities)
Task 3: Review of current road
const./rehab. practices in 3 EAP countries
3 countries for case study: China, Vietnam, Indonesia
Main conclusions of current practice:
– Different levels of awareness on GHG emission
mitigation
– Various capacity in construction industry
– Focus on expansion of network, consideration for
alternative const./rehab. techniques will lead to
significant impact
– Possibility to follow green construction with readily
available information and clear guidance
Task 4: Case Studies Selection and
Detailed Analysis of GHG EmissionsOne recent road construction/rehabilitation
project selected as case study for each country
For each case, undertake a detailed analysis of the activities that contribute to GHGemissions during construction
Identify key activities in road projects that are
particularly emissions-sensitive
Task 4: Select Recent Cases in Pilot
Countries for Detailed Analysis
• NR 107 Lincheng – Neiqiu, 29 km widening to dual carriageway and 11 km of new alignment
China
• Periodic maintenance of 1,100 km of roads including pavement overlays and drainage repairs
Vietnam
• Eastern Indonesia National Road Improvement Project(EINRIP): improvement of 27 roads and 14 bridges
Indonesia
Maps of Three Cases
Data Collection Items
Pavement (layers and
dimensions)
Base and Sub-base
Structures
Material type (mixing
methodology)
Site Preparation
Debris or excess soil
removal
Signs
Marking
Traffic Management
Construction Equipment
Personnel Subsistence
on Site
Personnel Transportation
Environmental Impact
Assessment
Deforestation and
mitigation
Task 5: Perform GHG Emission
Calculations
Calculate GHG emissions using the methods collected in Task 2.
Three tools selected: IRF-CHARGER, Egis, VicRoads (out of 9 calculators compared)
Data Input from previous tasks
Example of tool results
PVC
concrete
steel
input material
process
strcuctures et
equipment
input material
transport
extraction and
evacuation
earthwork
Distribution of GHG emissions for a section of ring road
project in Europe – EGIS tool
Breakdown of embodied GHG
emissions from construction of
Mickleham Road Stage 2 (2.4 km, 760 t
CO2eq /km) – VicRoads tool
VicRoads Calculation Results - China
Total On-site Impacts GHG Emissions (t CO2-e) 1 684 3%
Total Transport GHG Emissions for Materials Supplied (t CO2-e) 34 285 59%
Total Embodied Energy GHG Emissions (t CO2-e) 21 782 38%
TOTAL GHG EMISSIONS (t CO2-e) 57 751
Uncertainty factor (%) 20
TOTAL GHG EMISSIONS (with uncertainty factor) (t CO2-e) 69 301
Total Length of Road 40
GHG EMISSIONS PER KM LENGTH OF ROAD (t CO2-e / km) 1 733
Breakdown of GHG emissions Case study for China
VicRoads Calculation Result - Vietnam
Total On-site Impacts GHG Emissions (t CO2-e) 13 0%
Total Transport GHG Emissions for Materials Supplied (t CO2-e) 11 541 76%
Total Embodied Energy GHG Emissions (t CO2-e) 3 538 23%
TOTAL GHG EMISSIONS (t CO2-e) 15 092
Uncertainty factor (%) 20
TOTAL GHG EMISSIONS (with uncertainty factor) (t CO2-e) 18 111
Total Length of Road 65
GHG EMISSIONS PER KM LENGTH OF ROAD (t CO2-e / km) 279
Breakdown of GHG emissions Case study for Vietnam
VicRoads Calculation Results – Indonesia
Total On-site Impacts GHG Emissions (t CO2-e) 233 1%
Total Transport GHG Emissions for Materials Supplied (t CO2-e) 17 895 76%
Total Embodied Energy GHG Emissions (t CO2-e) 5 450 23%
TOTAL GHG EMISSIONS (t CO2-e) 23 578
Uncertainty factor (%) 20
TOTAL GHG EMISSIONS (with uncertainty factor) (t CO2-e) 28 294
Total Length of Road 34
GHG EMISSIONS PER KM LENGTH OF ROAD (t CO2-e / km) 838
Breakdown of GHG emissionsCase study for
Indonesia
Task 6:Identify Gaps and Proposals
for Improving the Situation
Identify possible gaps between the best practices of developed countries and the results so far obtained from this study
Determine how to close these gaps by implementing best practices or providing alternative methods (e.g., regionally available material, cheaper labor force, etc.)
Gaps between Current Practices in Selected Countries
and International Best Practices
Design
– Surveys
– Geometry
– Traffic
– Earthworks
– Pavement
– Structures
Construction
Implementation
– Pavement
– Structures
– Traffic Management
During Works
Maintenance
– Pavement
– Structures
Structure
-100.00 -50.00 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00
Total
wood/steel/concrete
Concrete
Steel
Wood C02 emissions for material
production
CO2 emissions for material
transport
Crest bridge (France’s largest all-wood superstructure
road bridge (92m x 8m), CO2 emission balance
Wooden footbridge and
ratio of GHG emission
per m2 of building
Pavement
Current practice Pilot practice
Per m2 of pavement structure
Traditional road
base asphalt
High Modulus
Asphalt Materials
HMAM
Price (USD) 38 31
Cost savings - 18%
Energy consumption (MJ/m2) 71 56
Reduction of energy
consumption - 21%
Greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions (kg/t) 39 31
Reduction of GHG emissions - 21%
Colas Report Sustainable Development – the Environmental Road of Future (Sep,
2003)
Investigated Means of GHG Emissions Reduction
Production of clinker accounts for 66% of CO2 emissions in cement
production
– Incorporate fly ash, slag cement, limestone (up to 35% in Europe)
– US now allows up to 1% organic processing additions
Use of supplementary cementitious materials silica fume, fly ash
(high volumes possible), slag cement, rice husk ash
– Uses industrial by-products
– Increases service life expectancies (reduces needs for maintenance
and rehabilitation)
Warm mix asphalt nearly 50% reductions in CO2 emissions, energy
consumption, and reduces asphalt smoke up to 98%
Incorporation of Recycled Asphalt Pavements (RAP)
Clinker
Blast furnace slag
Additives: Volcanic ash
Fly Ash
Silica Fume Slag Cement
Rice Husk Ash
Impact of alternative techniques of
asphalt pavement
Outline
1.Why such a toolkit?
2.Achievements to date
3.Next Steps
4.Comments & Challenges
Remaining tasks
Task 7
• Assess costs and benefits of each alternative practice proposed in Task 6
Task 8
• Develop the Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation Toolkit for Road Construction and Rehabilitation
Task 9• Complete the User Manual to accompany the Toolkit
End• Final report on the study and the toolkit
Outline
1.Why such a toolkit?
2.Achievements to date
3.Next Steps
4.Comments & Challenges
General Comments
New field and area of concern even for developed
countries
Why is it important to consider GHG emissions due to
road activities?
– Relatively small % but growing rapidly, especially Asia
– Represent opportunities for reducing carbon emissions at
low cost with noticeable impact (especially for IFIs like
the Bank)
– Provide potential “win-win” scenario from life-cycle point
of view
– Most road agencies in Asia are not yet aware of these
challenges, though Asia is center of construction actions
Challenges and Opportunities
Robust calculation of carbon footprint
Practical alternatives to developing countries
Easily adaptable and scale up
Streamline in Bank’s project preparation
Promote the tool to various road agencies, contractors,
authorities in charge of road planning and
implementation
Egisconsultant
Matthew Addison
Nicolas Morice
Carbon FinanceAdvisory Panel
Holly Krambeck
Nat Pinnoi
Environment AnchorAdvisory Panel
Sameer Akbar
Elif Kiratli
EAP TeamFei Deng
Peng Wang
Geoffrey Kurgan
Jean-Marie Braun
Thank you40
Key Data Collected
China Vietnam IndonesiaType of Works A: Construction of a 26km
new demi
cross-section
B: Construction of a 11km
new full-width
cross-section
C: Widening of a 3km
existing cross-section
Periodic maintenance works
mainly
consisting in pavement
repairs and
strengthening
Periodic maintenance
works mainly
consisting in pavement
repairs and
strengthening
Geometry and Cross-
section
For A: Embankment is 12 m
wide; roadway 11.4m wide;
with 0.30m wide hard
shoulders at both sides
For B: Embankment is 26m
wide; roadway 2x10.95m
wide, the median 3.5m wide,
and the hard shoulder is
0.30m wide at both sides
For C: 85 intersections,
including 8 with highways
and 77 with rural roads
Number of Lanes:4
lanes
Motorized Lane Width
3.75 m
Non-motorized lane
width 2.5 m
Central separator 1.5 m
Shoulder 3.0 m
Side Separation Bank
0.25 m
Widened to 6m with
2 hard shoulders of
1.5m each
Overlay and
widening: 0.05 km
Partial reconstruction
and widening:
20.28km
Fuel reconstruction
and widening:
12.82km
Realignment and
widening: 0.62km
Key Data Collected – Cont’d
China Vietnam Indonesia
Pavement Top curse: 4cm
thick bituminous
concrete
Binder course:
7cm thick
bituminous
concrete
Base course –
18cm thick
cement stabilized
aggregate
Permeable base –
30cm thick lime
stabilized soils
Varied by section 4cm of Asphalt
Concrete
Wearing Course
6cm of Asphalt
Concrete Binder
Course
20 cm of
Aggregate Base
A
20 cm
Aggregate Base
B
GHG emission calculation synthesis
On-site Impacts GHG Emissions (t CO2-e) 2 282 5% 18 0% 316 2%
Materials Transport GHG Emissions (t CO2-e) 23 113 53% 7 833 46% 12 145 62%
Construction Materials GHG Emissions (t CO2-e) 17 976 41% 9 323 54% 7 092 36%
TOTAL GHG EMISSIONS (t CO2-e) 43 371 17 173 19 553
Total On-site Impacts GHG Emissions (t CO2-e) 1 697 3% 13 0% 236 1%
Total Transport GHG Emissions (t CO2-e) 21 985 38% 7 401 31% 11 476 54%
Total Embodied Energy GHG Emissions (t CO2-e) 33 446 59% 16 774 69% 9 461 45%
TOTAL GHG EMISSIONS (t CO2-e) 57 128 24 188 21 173
Total On-site Impacts GHG Emissions (t CO2-e) 1 684 3% 13 0% 233 1%
Total Transport GHG Emissions for Materials Supplied (t CO2-e) 34 285 59% 11 541 76% 17 895 76%
Total Embodied Energy GHG Emissions (t CO2-e) 21 782 38% 3 538 23% 5 450 23%
TOTAL GHG EMISSIONS (t CO2-e) 57 751 15 092 23 578
CH
AN
GE
RE
GIS
Vic
Ro
ad
s
Breakdown of GHG emissionsCase study for
China
Case study for
Vietnam
Case study for
Indonesia
