ReferencingHarvard System

How to Write a Reference List?

What is referencing? A standard method to acknowledge the

sources of information and ideas you have used in an assignment

Why do we make references?To show where you have found the

informationTo give your acknowledgement To show your readers where to locate the

sources you have usedTo avoid plagiarism

Types of Referencing SystemsAuthor-date systems

Harvard system, APA and MLA

Numeric systemsChicago or Turabian, Vancouver and Footnote

Examples of the Author-Date System

Examples of the numeric system

How do we make references?CitationReference ListBibliography

CitationIn the body of the assignmentInclude the following:

The family name of the author/authors The publication year

Two main ways of presentations:In brackets, outside your sentence

structure: Many factors are known to affect the

successful outcomes for students at university (Johnson 2003)

Using the author’s name as part of your sentence structure, with the date in brackets: Johnson (2003) claims that there are many

factors to affect the successful outcomes for students at university

Page number are included when you :Use a direct code from an original sourceSummarise an idea from a particular pageCopy tables or figures, or provide particular

details like a date eg.McLaine (2002, p. 16) stated that ‘productivity

was found to be affected by work related stress in 69% of workers.’

Or‘Productivity was found to be affected by work

related stress in 69% of workers’ (McLaine 2002, p. 16)

Examples of Citation

The Reference ListEach citation must have a matching entry in

the reference listHave the full bibliographic detailsNot a bibliographyArranged alphabetically by author’s family

name, or title if a source has no authorA single list

What information needs to be provided?

Author /EditorYear of publicationTitleEditionPublisherPlace of publication

Book

Example of Referencing a BookAuthor’s surname, Initial(s) year, Title of

book, Publisher, Place of publication.

One author:Daly, J 2004, Nursing leadership, Elsevier,

Sydney.Surname Initial of first name (no full

stop)Year

Title (in italic)

Publisher

Publication Place

Two or three authors:Connoley, R & Rock, P 1999, Managing

Australian business: corporate, human resources, operations, 3rd edn., VCTA, South Melbourne

More than three authors:Singh, S et al. 2001, Aboriginal Australia & the

Torres Strait Islands: guide to indigenous Australia, Lonely Planet, Hawthorn, Victoria.

What information needs to be provided?

Author of the articleYear of publicationTitle of the articleTitle of the journalVolume and issue numberPage number

Journal Articles

Example of referencing a journal article Author’s surname, Initial(s) year, ‘Title of

article’, Title of Journal, volume number, issue number, page range.

WebsiteAuthor’s Surname, Initials or Organisation, Year

of work, Title of document/article (in italic), Date viewed (written: viewed Day Month Year), URL <enclosed in angle bracket>.

University of Southern Queensland 2010, Harvard AGPS Referencing Guide, viewed 16 August 2010, <http://www.usq.edu.au/library/help/referencing/harvard.htm>

Some RulesPut in author’s surname and the initial of the

first nameThe first letter of the title should be capitalised,

and also any proper names, places, etc.The title should be in italicNo full stops or spaces are used with the

author’s initialsAbbreviations are followed by a full stop

ed. for editorp. for page

Other examples?Chapter in an edited bookInternet siteCD-ROMDVDs/VideosJournal article from database

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