Introduction to Harvard Referencing

A305MC Week 2

Why...

• ...Reference? acknowledging another author’s intellectual

propertyshow evidence of your research• ...Harvard Style?the style of choice for Coventry Universityone of the most popular referencing styles

(University of Wales 2013)

Harvard Referencing Made Simple

• Two different ways of referencing: 1. In Text Citation 2. Reference

In-text Citations

• Citation = When you refer to another author’s work

• In-text = When you use it inside the body of your essay, not at the end

• FORMULA: (Author’s surname YEAR: page number) (Brown 2007: 63) (Brown 2007) (BBC 2007) (Coventry University 2007)

In-text Citing: Quoting

• Less than 3 lines: “the text should be within quotation marks”; kept within the paragraph of the text.

• More than 3 lines, the text should be indented and there is no need for quotation marks. For example

More than 3 lines of a quotation would be indented, like this. At the end of a quotation, you need to cite the author. Never put a full stop before a quotation;

the full stop comes after the citation, like this (Brown 2007:63).

In-text Citing: Paraphrasing

• This is when you say, in your own words, what the author is saying.

• It is the approximately same length as the original quotation, but by paraphrasing, you are demonstrating that you understand what he/she is writing.

In-text Citing: Summarising

• This is when you state the main points from the quotation;

• This demonstrates that you understand fully what the author is saying and you are able to perceive the most important aspects of his/her argument

References: A whole book by one author

• Give the author’s surname and initials, then the year in brackets and then the title in italics followed by a full stop. Finally, give the place (city) of publication followed by a colon (:) then the publisher. Example:

Dagorne, F. G. (2003) French Cultural Developments: A Feminist Perspective. London: Macmillan

A chapter/essay by a particular author in an edited collection of essays

• The surname and initials of the author of the chapter you want to reference, then the year the book was published in brackets

• ‘Title of the chapter’ followed by a full stop, ed. by surname and initials of the editor

• Place of publication: publisher: pages of the article Aggarwal, B. (2005) ‘The Declining British Bird

Population’. In A Guide to Contemporary British Ornothology. Ed. by Adams, G. London: Palgrave: 66-99

A book with multiple authors

• Give the surnames and initials of the authors, in the order given by the book, separated by commas.

• For IN TEXT CITATIONS you can use et al when there are more than 3 authors

Edwell, R., Ambrose, A., Baker, C. (2002) European Politics since 1997. London: Routledge

A book by an organisation/ corporate author

• Give the name of the organisation as the author, the year of publication in brackets, followed by the title and a full stop. Give the place of publication followed bu a colon and the publisher

British Medical Association, Board of Science and Education (1980) Alternative Medicine Reviewed. London: Harwood Academic

A print journal article

• Author’s surname and initials, year in brackets then the title of the article followed by a full stop in single quotations marks. Title of the journal in italics, then volume number followed by a comma, then the issue number in brackets.

• Use et al for IN TEXT CITATIONS for mutliple authors Potter, F., Pavliotis, M., Kiran, DI, Qureshi, H.H., Ball,

R. (2005) ‘White Noise and Particle Behaviour.’ Journal of Mathematics and Physics 2., (1) 67:81

A report

• Author’s surname and initials/corporate author then the year in brackets. Write the title of the report in italics, the series number if appropriate, then a full stop. Finally, give the place of publication followed by a colon then the publisher

Department of Health Committee of Dietetics (2006) A Report on Dietary Health no. 41. London: Stationery Office

A Newspaper article

• The author’s surname and initials and the date in brackets, then the title of the article followed by a full stop within single quotation marks. Give the title of the newspaper in italics, then the exact date , a colon and the page number

Anderson, E. (2002) ‘Biology is Britain’s Best Discipline.’ The Independent 20 July: 4-5

An electronic journal article

• Reference this as a normal print article, but add the only source and the date it was accessed, like this:

Dhillon, B. (2004) ‘Should Doctors Wear Ties?’ Medical Monthly [online] 3, (1) 55-88. Available from: http://hospitals/infections/latest-advice/htm [20 July 2006]

A web site

• Author’s surname and initials/organisation/corporate author. Give the year it was created/updated in brackets. Give the title in italics (you might need to make up a title) followed by online in sqaure brackets. Write available form and put the web address and then the date of access in square brackets

Centre for Academic Writing (2006) The List of References Illustrated [online] available from <http://home.ched.coventry.ac.uk/caw/harvard/index.htm > [20 July 2006]

A DVD, Video or Film

• Surname and initials of director, year of release in brackets, then the title of the DVD in Italics, followed by a full stop. Give the material type in square brackets (DVD, BluRay, tape, etc). The put the place of release (the first one) followed by a colon then the production company

Radford, M. (2004) William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice. [DVD] UK: Shylock Trading Limited

A Lecture

• Give the surname and initials of the lecturer and the year in brackets. Give the title of the lecture in italics followed by full stop. Write ‘lecture delivered for’ and state the module or occasion , then give the exact date and the place the lecture was given

Bhargava, S. (2006) Engineering since 1945. Lecture delivered for module 102ENG on 2 May 2006 at Coventry University

A secondary reference in a book

• Quote the original source as normal ending with a full stop. Then write, ‘cited in’ and give the publication details of the book you have actually read. Finally, add a colon then give the page number of the book you actually read.

Patel, P. (2004) Green Thinking and Political Culture. Coventry: Coventry University Press. Cited in Brown, R. (2005) Enviro-politics in the New Millenium. London: Macmillan: 66

A secondary reference in a journal

• Quote the original source as normal ending with a full stop. Then write, ‘cited in’ and give the publication details of the journal you have actually read. Finally, add a colon then give the page number of the journal you actually read.

Padda, J. (2000) ‘Gender and Creative Writing in Coventry.’ Journal of Writing Studies (3) 44-59. Cited in Williams, R., Cox, D. and Chan, P. (2001) ‘How Has Editing Changed?’ Academic Writing Review 2 (1) 55-69

Activity

• Use the materials provided to post on your blog.

• The blog post must contain a reference to a book, an electronic journal article, a printed journal article, a newspaper article, a blog and a web site.

Activity

• Harvard Referencing Quiz• http://www.staffs.ac.uk/support_depts/infose

rvices/learning_support/refzone/refzone_quiz/citeitright.htm