IV.ozark Plateau

8/7/2019 IV.ozark Plateau

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NORTH AMERICANNORTH AMERICAN

REGIONSREGIONSIV. Ozark Plateau



KeyKey

n Red-Term to define and remembern Yellow-Place to locate and remembern

Green-Resource to know andremembern Bright Green-Agricultural product

(crop) to remembern White , Blue and Brown - Narration to

help understanding



P i e d m o n t

P i e d m o n t

R i d g e a n d V a l l e y

R i d g e a n d V a l l e y

P l a

t e a u

P l a t

e a u



Lost Valley, ArkansasLost Valley, Arkansas



From Bell Mountain, MissouriFrom Bell Mountain, Missouri

Note: the horizon is flat, therefore it’sNote: the horizon is flat, therefore it’saa plateau plateau



From Bell Mountain, MissouriFrom Bell Mountain, Missouri

The valleys are caused by water eroding theThe valleys are caused by water eroding thePlateau.Plateau.



Dendritic Dendritic drainage—drainage—typical of typical of an eroded an eroded

plateau plateau

• The dark places are trees.The dark places are trees.• What type of topography would What type of topography would

have trees? have trees? • Therefore: the slopes of the ridgesTherefore: the slopes of the ridgesare dark.are dark.• The flat spots are on top of theThe flat spots are on top of theridges.ridges.



Ridges of the Ozark Plateau inRidges of the Ozark Plateau inWinter Winter



LimestoneLimestone

What kind of rock makes up most of theWhat kind of rock makes up most of the

Ozark Plateau? Ozark Plateau?

Which canWhich candissolve indissolve in

water,water,formingforming

underground underground . . .. . .

Photo b NCGE Photo b NCGE



CavesCavesWhich, as they enlarge, can collapse forming . . .Which, as they enlarge, can collapse forming . . .



SinkholesSinkholesHa Ha Tonka State ParkHa Ha Tonka State Park

• Sometimes water runs through these caverns,Sometimes water runs through these caverns,• emerging at low spots as . . .emerging at low spots as . . .

Photo by NCGE Photo by NCGE



SpringsSprings

Big SpringBig Spring , near Van Buren, Mo. , near Van Buren, Mo.




KarstKarstTopographyTopography

n Limestone• Dissolves in

water…n

Caves• Collapse forming…n Sinkholes

• Which can ben

Dryn Filled with

water

• Or water flows outvia

n Springs



Mammoth Spring, ArkansasMammoth Spring, Arkansas



Welch Spring, Shannon Co. Mo.Welch Spring, Shannon Co. Mo.

http://www.umsl.edu/~joellaws/ozark_caving/springs/jspring.html http://www.umsl.edu/~joellaws/ozark_caving/springs/jspring.html



Round Spring, Shannon Co. Mo.Round Spring, Shannon Co. Mo.

http://www.umsl.edu/~joellaws/ozark_caving/springs/jspring.html http://www.umsl.edu/~joellaws/ozark_caving/springs/jspring.html



Alley Spring, MissouriAlley Spring, Missouri



What is theWhat is the

purpose of the purpose of the

building? building?

MillMillNote the water Note the water

cress.cress.

A sign of unpolluted A sign of unpolluted water water



Mill Water Wheel Mill Water Wheel Used for grinding grainUsed for grinding grain





Bollinger MillBollinger Mill



Alley SpringAlley Spring

Note theNote theerosion of theerosion of the

plateau plateau

caused by thecaused by theriver.river.



Jacks Fork River Jacks Fork River

Missouri streams are unique.Missouri streams are unique.The spring fed, chert andThe spring fed, chert and

limestone bottomed riverslimestone bottomed rivershave a fauna like nowherehave a fauna like nowhereelse.else.



What is going on here?What is going on here?


GladeGlade



Victoria Glades, Jefferson Co.Victoria Glades, Jefferson Co.



Juniper (“cedar”) trees Juniper (“cedar”) trees Associated with limestone Associated with limestone



You can seeYou can seethat thethat thelimestone islimestone is

too close to thetoo close to thesurface for thesurface for thetree to root.tree to root.



Here the soil isHere the soil isthinner due to anthinner due to anoutcrop of outcrop of limestone.limestone.

Here the soilHere the soilis thicker.is thicker.



That leads to theThat leads to thelines following thelines following the

contours in thesecontours in theseglades.glades.



TheThe poor soilpoor soil leadsleadsto these stuntedto these stunted

Black-eyedBlack-eyedSusans.Susans.



Other flowersOther flowersmanage to survive.manage to survive.



Others thrive in theOthers thrive in theshade of the valleys.shade of the valleys.

Poison IvyPoison Ivy



Witch HazelWitch Hazel





Some animals also live here . . .Some animals also live here . . .



DefinitionsDefinitionsn Plateau – a relatively flat elevated arean Cave – a void in subterranean limestonen Sinkhole – a collapsed caven Spring – water that flows from the groundn Mill – a factory using water powern Glade – an unforested space in the Ozarks

with thin soil



Note that the horizon is not quite flat.Note that the horizon is not quite flat.

Saint Francois MountainsSaint Francois Mountains

Not all of the Ozarks is limestone.Not all of the Ozarks is limestone.



TheThe St. Francois MountainsSt. Francois Mountains arearesimilar to the Canadian Shield.similar to the Canadian Shield.They are very old andThey are very old and

composed of igneous andcomposed of igneous and

metamorphic rock.metamorphic rock.But they are unglaciated.But they are unglaciated.



Elephant RocksElephant Rocks

What kind of rock?What kind of rock?

GraniteGranite

TheseTheseunusualunusual

shapes wereshapes wereformed byformed by

weathering.weathering.



This hardThis hardigneousigneous

rock is . . .rock is . . .

basaltbasalt

It weathersIt weathersvery slowly,very slowly,

causingcausing

rapids in therapids in the

stream.stream.

Pickle Creek in Hawn StatePickle Creek in Hawn StatePark.Park.

Only in the Ozarks do we call rapidsOnly in the Ozarks do we call rapids

shut-ins.shut-ins.







What would you do here?What would you do here?

Note the clarity of the waterNote the clarity of the water



No, you shouldn’t!No, you shouldn’t!





Taum SaukTaum Sauk Reservoir Reservoir

Taum SaukTaum Sauk Mountain in theMountain in the St. FrancoisSt. FrancoisMountainsMountains is the highest point in theis the highest point in the

state. (1772’)state. (1772’)





The Black RiverThe Black River



The Black River The Black River below the shut-inbelow the shut-in



Cultural Uses Of the OzarkCultural Uses Of the OzarkPlateauPlateau

n Forestryn Agriculturen Miningn Recreation



LumberingLumbering• Pine was thePine was the

most commonmost commontimber tree, buttimber tree, buthad been mostlyhad been mostlyremoved by theremoved by the

late 1800’s.late 1800’s.• NowNow oakoak andandhickoryhickory are theare themost commonmost commonspeciesspecies

A sawmill is not necessarily a largeA sawmill is not necessarily a large




oakoak

A sawmill is not necessarily a largey gcapital investment.capital investment.

h h l d h b lN h h l d h b l



MulesMules

Note that the land has been recentlyNote that the land has been recentlycleared, exposing the soil.cleared, exposing the soil.

Soil quality is . . .Soil quality is . . .


poor.poor.



goatsgoats

Note the soil!Note the soil!

Bits of limestone and chertBits of limestone and chert


f h i l l l d i



Most of the agricultural land isMost of the agricultural land isplanted in hay (fescue).planted in hay (fescue).

This is used for raising . . .This is used for raising . . .



CattleCattle

The single biggestThe single biggestagricultural product of theagricultural product of theOzarksOzarks





TurkeysTurkeys


Sil S i A kSil S i A k



Siloam Springs, ArkansasSiloam Springs, Arkansas

So . . .So . . . PoultryPoultry is raised here.is raised here.

ChickenChicken barnbarn



Crops, whileCrops, while notnot important, include . . .important, include . . .




ApplesApples




GrapesGrapes




and, believe it or not, . . .and, believe it or not, . . .

walnutswalnuts




Missouri leads the U.S. in theMissouri leads the U.S. in themining of mining of

LeadLead el ev a t or

el ev a t or

c o n v e y o r c o n v e y o r

crushercrusher

Underground MiningUnderground Mining


N Bi b Mi iN Bi b Mi i



Near Bixby, MissouriNear Bixby, Missouri

O PitOpen Pit l d i J lilead mine near Joplin



Open PitOpen Pit lead mine near Joplinlead mine near Joplinactive around the year 1900active around the year 1900



Attractive, but don’t drink the water.Attractive, but don’t drink the water.

Lead is poisonous, especially to theLead is poisonous, especially to thedeveloping brains of children.developing brains of children.

Since Missouri has so many lead mines, thatSince Missouri has so many lead mines, thatis one of the things which makes teaching inis one of the things which makes teaching in

Missouri such a challenge.Missouri such a challenge.

A i t b l f l d iAppropriate symbols for lead miners



Appropriate symbols for lead miners.Appropriate symbols for lead miners.

Carthage, Mo.Carthage, Mo.

Once the lead ore is smelted, whatOnce the lead ore is smelted, what



,,do you do with the leftover rock?do you do with the leftover rock?



Dump it.Dump it.

Today this is . . .Today this is . . .

Then donate the land to the stateThen donate the land to the state

St. Joe State ParkSt. Joe State Park




We call this ore wasteWe call this ore waste chat.chat.

Extreme northeastern OklahomaExtreme northeastern Oklahoma



Lots of Lots of chatchat







N.I.M.B.Y.N.I.M.B.Y.



St. LouisSt. Louis

Pea RidgePea RidgeMineMine

Crystal CityCrystal City

N.I.M.B.Y.



Strip mining . . .Strip mining . . .

baritebarite

Used forUsed for• PaintPaint• Oil wellsOil wells

Mines closedMines closednow, since wenow, since we

import thisimport this

from China.from China.


In MissouriIn Missouriwe call thiswe call this

tiff.tiff.

fS f li b



Some types of Some types of limestonelimestone can be a resource.can be a resource.Dolomitic limestone is hard enough to use as aDolomitic limestone is hard enough to use as a

building material.building material.Here, near Carthage, the old limestone mine isHere, near Carthage, the old limestone mine isbeing reused for storage. It’s always the samebeing reused for storage. It’s always the same

temperature.temperature.

In South St. Louis County limestone is minedIn South St. Louis County limestone is minedfor gravel and cement.for gravel and cement.

The largest cement plant in the world is justThe largest cement plant in the world is justbeing built near Ste. Genevieve.being built near Ste. Genevieve.

Today the most important part of the economy of theToday the most important part of the economy of the



Tablerock Lake (Tablerock Lake ( reservoir reservoir ))

y p p yy yOzarks is . . .Ozarks is . . .

Tourism/RecreationTourism/Recreation




Tablerock DamTablerock Dam

L a k e T a n e y c o m o





Silver Dollar CitySilver Dollar City (in the 1960’s)(in the 1960’s)



BransonBransongladeglade

A national entertainment phenomenon . . .A national entertainment phenomenon . . .

TheThe infrastructureinfrastructure has not kept pace withhas not kept pace withh id h





the rapid growth.the rapid growth.



Jesus welcomes you toJesus welcomes you to

the Passion Play inthe Passion Play in

Eureka Springs, Ark.Eureka Springs, Ark.


Less expensive, but exhilaratingLess expensive, but exhilarating




d



Modern TourismModern Tourism



Human SettlementHuman Settlement

n Frenchn

Germann General house types



The FrenchThe French

palisadepalisade

Mansard roof Mansard roof

Bolduc houseBolduc house

The First French settlement in theThe First French settlement in theO k d Mi i i



Ozarks and Missouri is . . .Ozarks and Missouri is . . .

French StyleFrench Style



French StyleFrench Style

Mansard roof Mansard roof

Vertical postsVertical posts



limestonelimestone

TheThe FrenchFrench alsoalso



brought along theirbrought along theirownown land divisionland divisionsystemsystem ..The French settledThe French settledalong rivers and drewalong rivers and drew

boundariesboundariesperpendicular to theperpendicular to theriver.river.

Hence theHence the long lotlong lot system.system.

Ste. Genevieve,Ste. Genevieve, QuebecQuebec

Long lotsLong lots i thin the



in thein thevicinity of vicinity of

Montreal,Montreal,Quebec.Quebec.

S t . L a w

r e n c e

S t . L a w

r e n c e

MontrealMontreal

Saint Louis in 1796Saint Louis in 1796



Saint Louis in 1796Saint Louis in 17961910 map1910 map

NN

Hermann, MissouriHermann, Missouri



Photo by NCGEPhoto by NCGE

,,settled by the . . .settled by the . . .

GermansGermans

M i s s o u r i R i v e r

M i s s o u r i R i v e r

HermannHermann with German style buildingswith German style buildings



Photo by NCGEPhoto by NCGE



Old Mines, Washington Co., Mo.Old Mines, Washington Co., Mo.

What were they mining?What were they mining?

LeadLead

Old MinesOld Mines



Houses circa 1840?Houses circa 1840?



Typical Ozark DwellingsTypical Ozark DwellingsNote wheelsNote wheels

Atypical sidingAtypical siding



yp gyp g

Perhaps used forPerhaps used for• Permanent residence (Ozarks are the poorestPermanent residence (Ozarks are the poorest



Permanent residence (Ozarks are the pooreste a e t es de ce (O a s a e t e poo estsection of Missouri)section of Missouri)• Weekend retreat with a few head of cattleWeekend retreat with a few head of cattle• Hunting “cabin” Hunting “cabin” •

Not Catholic or LutheranNot Catholic or Lutheran



Ozarks and places to the southeast areOzarks and places to the southeast arepart of thepart of the Bible Belt.Bible Belt.

Note exposedNote exposedlimestone.limestone.



Not necessarily a typical Ozark houseNot necessarily a typical Ozark house



Many former farmhouses are abandoned asMany former farmhouses are abandoned as

farms enlarge and farmers stop trying tofarms enlarge and farmers stop trying tomake a living off the poor quality soil.make a living off the poor quality soil.

Note theNote thestormcellar.stormcellar.

Lost ValleyLost Valley



yy

But not anymoreBut not anymore

DefinitionsDefinitions



DefinitionsDefinitionsn Shut-in – a Missouri term for rapidsn Reservoir – a man-made laken Underground mine – a place where ore is

extracted using man-made tunnel and shaftsn Chat – the leftovers from lead smeltingn Infrastructure – the transportation and

communication systems of a regionn French land division system – dividing the land

with long lots perpendicular to riversn Bible Belt – the region in the southeastern USwhere most people are fundamentalistChristians





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IV.ozark Plateau

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