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Joana KatterYork University
Toronto, Canada
Presented at Health Psychology LectureNovember 3rd, 2009
Gender differences in the Gender differences in the relation between domain relation between domain specific stress and social specific stress and social
support from various sourcessupport from various sources
Stress and Social Support People who have strong intimate links
to others have better mental and physical health.
Emotional support is particularly effective in reducing stress and anxiety.
Student stress has health and academic consequences.
Socio-cultural construct › Roles, behaviours, attributes and activities
a particular society deems appropriate for men and women.
Gender is related to:› Stressors an individual experiences› The amount, type and sources of social
support sought
Gender
Explore gender differences in:› Domain specific student stress› Social Support from multiple sources› Association between student stress and
social support
Factor analysis of the Brief College Student Hassle Scale
Purpose
Participants 150 First Year University Students
› 125 female, 25 male› Mean age: 18.8
Measures Brief College Student Hassle Scale Multidimensional Scale of Perceived
Social Support
Emotional Support
Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, & Farley, 1988).
12-item measure (7 point scale)“There is a special person who is around when I am
in need.”“I have friends with whom I can share my joys and
sorrows.”
Alpha= .88
Student Stress The Brief College Hassles Scale (Blankstein,
Flett, & Koledin, 1991).
20-item measure, spanning 9 different domains
7-point scale› Items include academic deadlines, future
job perspectives, and relationships with family members.
Alpha= .81
Factor Summary Academic
› Program Requirements, Job Prospects Family
› Relationship with parents, family expectations Financial
› Financial Security, Owing Money Romantic
› Relationship with boyfriend/girlfriend Work
› Job Satisfaction Housekeeping
› Household/dorm chores
Gender Differences in Student Stress
0
1
2
3
4
5
Academic Family Financial Romantic Work Housekeeping
Male Female
*
* - p < .05
Gender Differences in Perceived Emotional
Support
0
1
2
3
4
5
Family Friend Significant Other
Male Female
*
* - p < .05
Association between sources of social support
Men› No correlation between social support from
different sources
Women› Correlations between family support and
Support from friends (r = .311), and family support and support from significant others (r = .328)
› Correlation between support from friends and support from significant others (r = .340)
Association between Stress and Social Support
Men› Emotional support from friends and work
hassles ( r = -.408)
Women› Emotional support from family and family
hassles (r = -.185)› Emotional support from significant others
and romantic Hassles (r = .182)
Limitations and Future Directions
Unequal gender distribution Only one type of social support
assessed Correlational Design
Factor Analysis› Small Sample› Need for a confirmatory factor analysis